Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Guangda Qiao, Peng Ning, Qi Gao, Yang Yu, Xiaohui Lu, Shitong Yang, Tinghai Cheng
Summary: A linear piezoelectric stick-slip actuator is proposed in this study, which improves the velocity and linearity of the actuator through structural design and dynamic model adjustment.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Andrius Ceponis, Dalius Mazeika, Piotr Vasiljev, Regimantas Bareikis
Summary: The paper presents a study on a 5-DOF piezoelectric robot used for positioning optical devices and systems. The robot consists of a cone-shaped stator, two piezoelectric rings, and alumina oxide contacts. By exciting the piezoelectric rings using a saw-tooth waveform electric signal, precise planar or angular motion of the rotor can be achieved. Numerical investigations and experiments confirm that angular and planar motion of the load can be generated using specific vibration modes. The prototype of the robot achieves a maximum rotation speed of 21.1 RPM and a planar speed of 30.12 mm/s.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chen Yang, Nicolas Verbeek, Fangzhou Xia, Yi Wang, Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Summary: Piezoelectric hysteresis is a critical issue affecting the motion accuracy of piezo-actuated nanopositioners, and this article proposes a novel method based on a polynomial-based fractional order disturbance model to address this challenge. The method does not require expensive computational resources and can be easily implemented in an analog manner, offering advantages of high bandwidth and low cost. Extensive modeling and tracking experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in significantly suppressing piezoelectric hysteresis nonlinearity over a wide bandwidth.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Van-Tsai Liu, Home-Young Wing
Summary: In engineering applications, modeling systems with hysteresis is important. The classical Preisach model (CPM) is widely used for this purpose. However, using the table method to implement CPM has drawbacks in terms of memory usage and modifying the data table. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes using a set of polynomials instead of the table method. This approach reduces the memory usage and allows for the estimation of polynomial coefficients using least squares approximation or adaptive identification algorithms.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Miaolei Zhou, Yifan Wang, Yannan Zhang, Wei Gao
Summary: This paper addresses the issue of hysteresis non-linearity in the Piezoelectric micro-positioning platform, proposing a novel approach combining model and controller which outperforms the classical methods as demonstrated by experiments.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ying Feng, Zedong Hu, Mingwei Liang
Summary: This paper proposes a modified model to accurately predict the output behavior of piezoelectric actuating systems and develops a guaranteeing preselected tracking controller to ensure the output performance. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method and its high actuating performance against adverse effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Huawei Ji, Bo Lv, Hanqi Ding, Fan Yang, Anqi Qi, Xin Wu, Jing Ni
Summary: This study proposed an improved hysteresis model and composite controller based on a hybrid intelligent optimization algorithm, which achieved good results in experiments and improved the positioning accuracy of the platform.
Article
Physics, Applied
Liu Yang, Yi Zhang, Zhongyang Zhao, Dongjie Li
Summary: This study introduces the influence of hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators on high-precision positioning control systems. It proposes the use of the Bouc-Wen model and the artificial bee colony algorithm to identify the hysteresis characteristics and designs a fractional-order controller to improve the control performance of the system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ruijin Wang, Wen Wang, Zhanfeng Chen, Zhiqian Sang, Chuanyong Wang, Keqing Lu, Fuming Han, Bingfeng Ju
Summary: This paper proposes a novel and accurate model based on the Lissajous Curve to describe and compensate the dynamic hysteresis of a piezoelectric actuator. The performance of the actuator is tested and the experimental results are used to quantify the law of dynamic hysteresis. The proposed LC-PI model accurately describes different types of dynamic hysteresis loops and effectively suppresses the dynamic hysteresis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen Wang, Fuming Han, Zhanfeng Chen, Ruijin Wang, Chuanyong Wang, Keqing Lu, Jiahui Wang, Bingfeng Ju
Summary: A new Dynamic Delay Prandtl-Ishlinskii (DDPI) model is proposed to accurately describe asymmetrical and dynamic hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators, and a compensator based on the Inverse Dynamic Delay Prandtl-Ishlinskii (IDDPI) model is designed to effectively suppress hysteresis. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the models and compensator, indicating potential for extending the application of piezoelectric actuators.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Syed Mamun Rasid, Aron Michael, Hemanshu Roy Pota
Summary: Micro-lens actuators with desired characteristics are important for micro-optics applications. However, there are no dynamic models available for considering the effect of driving voltage and residual stress. In this study, a dynamic analytical model of a piezoelectrically driven multi-layer micro-lens actuator is presented and validated. The model accurately predicts the dynamic behavior and can be applied to other multi-layered piezoelectric micro-structures, facilitating advanced control design for improving the dynamic response of piezoelectric actuators.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen Wang, Jiahui Wang, Ruijin Wang, Zhanfeng Chen, Fuming Han, Keqing Lu, Chuanyong Wang, Zhenlong Xu, Bingfeng Ju
Summary: This study focused on the dynamic hysteresis issue of piezoelectric actuators, proposing a force-voltage-coupled FVPI model and designing a compensator based on this model. Experimental results showed that the compensator effectively improved the positioning accuracy of piezoelectric actuators.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Aurelio T. Salton, Minyue Fu, Jeferson V. Flores, Jinchuan Zheng
Summary: This article introduces a macro-micro approach to address sensor quantization in positioning systems, with a control strategy that drives the actuator towards the desired reference. The addition of a microactuator compensates for oscillations, resulting in practical tracking outcomes in experimental setups.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Sen Yang, Yonghong Tan, Ruili Dong, Qingyuan Tan
Summary: This article proposes a nonsmooth optimization control method based on a sandwich model with hysteresis to control a micropositioning system with a piezoelectric actuator. The hysteresis phenomenon of the actuator is described by embedding a Duhem submodel between two linear dynamic submodels, thus forming a sandwich model with hysteresis. The method includes a nonsmooth predictor, a weighted estimation of the generalized gradient, and a model error compensator to compensate for model uncertainty. The stability of the control system is analyzed using Lyapunov's theory, and experimental results validate the proposed method.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhigang Nie, Yuguo Cui, Jun Huang, Yiqiang Wang, Tehuan Chen
Summary: This study proposes a precision open-loop control strategy for piezoelectric actuators through compensating and controlling displacement errors using hysteresis model, creep model, and input shaping method.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
S. Vasanth, T. Muthuramalingam, Surya S. Prakash, Shriman S. Raghav
Summary: Laser beam machining has advantages over hand cutting in terms of output rate and efficiency. In this study, a pulsed mode diode laser was used for leather cutting, and an adaptive controller was developed to adjust the distance between the laser head and the workpiece, improving the machining efficiency. The results showed that the distance under adaptive control has an effect on the carbonization of the leather surface.
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Optics
S. Vasanth, T. Muthuramalingam, S. Surya Prakash, S. Shriman Raghav, G. Logeshwaran
Summary: Laser Beam Cutting (LBC) is an excellent non-traditional material processing technique used for leather cutting. This study focuses on using a power diode laser for leather cutting and controlling the output optical power through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The investigation also evaluates carbonization values and kerf width during the cutting process.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jayakrishnan Unnikrishna Pillai, Manikandakumar Shunmugavel, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Moshe Goldberg, Rajkumar Singh, Guy Littlefair
Summary: This study utilizes Grey relational optimization techniques and the Taguchi method to find the optimal process parameters for end milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The performance enhancement using the optimal process combination has been verified through confirmation testing.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vasanth Swaminathan, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Edwin George Joseph, Suhaib Sulfikar Khadar, Joel Philip Saji, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratanski
Summary: This experimental investigation aims to determine the effect of power diode-based laser cutting on the carbonization of machined buffalo leather and improve the machining process using a digital microscope. The ATR-FTIR spectrum was used to analyze the carbon-related functional group in the mid-IR spectrum of carbonized leather samples. The proposed method can measure the amount of carbon deposition in the cutting zone, and lower amplitude duty cycle with higher feed rate can reduce carbon formation.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jayaseelan Veerasundaram, Kalaichelvan Kani, Ramasamy Nallumuthu, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj
Summary: Lubricants are essential in metal forming to prevent direct contact, adhesion, transfer, and scratches, and also to increase tool durability and reduce energy consumption. This study investigates the effects of lubricants and billet geometry on the extrusion of AA6063/5% SiCp. Graphite, zinc stearate, and molybdenum disulphide were used as lubricants, and the friction factor was determined based on the lubricant effect and billet geometry. Simulation was performed under lubricated conditions and compared with experimental results. The use of graphite-lubricated 12:8 configuration die profile resulted in improved billet quality, with a 10.5% lower friction factor compared to other configurations. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses were used to examine the surface of the lubricated extruded component.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Srinivasan Palanisamy, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Khaja Moiduddin, Hisham Alkhalefah, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratanski, Cheng Siong Chin
Summary: This study focuses on fabricating printed capacitive sensors and optimizing the sensor pattern for automotive bezel applications, aiming to enhance the performance of automobile infotainment systems. The optimization technique helps to derive better design considerations and analyze the influence of sensor parameters on capacitance change and production cost. The fabricated sensors show improved sensing properties, and a design pattern with a 15mm overlap, 0.8mm electrode line width, and 0.8mm electrode gap achieves a higher capacitance change and lower weight, with the overlap having a greater impact on sensor performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tamer Khalaf, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Khaja Moiduddin, Vasanth Swaminathan, Syed Hammad Mian, Faraz Ahmed, Mohamed Kamaleldin Aboudaif
Summary: The effect of different power levels of a diode laser in cutting chrome tanned buffalo leather was investigated in this study. It was found that a higher power laser produced better cutting performance, with lower carbonization, smaller kerf width, and higher material removal rate.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Geethapriyan Thangamani, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Palani Iyamperumal Anand, Mani Jayakumar, Nikolaos E. Karkalos, Emmanouil L. Papazoglou, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratanski
Summary: This study investigates the use of electrochemical micromachining process with silver-coated copper tool electrodes to improve the creation of micro-holes in Incoloy 825 alloy. The results show that the silver-coated copper tool electrodes have higher material removal rate, better overcut, conicity, and circularity compared to uncoated copper tools in most cases, due to their high corrosive resistance and electrical conductivity. SEM and EDS analysis also confirm that better surface topography of the micro-holes is achieved with the silver-coated copper tool electrodes.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Min Ji, T. Muthuramalingam, D. Saravanakumar, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratanski Karmiris-Obratanski, Nikolaos E. Karkalos, Weiming Zhang
Summary: In vibration assisted electrical discharge machining (VEDM), the depth of cut (DoC) has a significant impact on the quality of the machined specimens. This study utilized an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to predict the DoC in VEDM of a titanium alloy workpiece. Three machining process factors, including peak current, pulse-on time, and vibrational frequency, were employed to train the ANFIS model, with pulse-on time being the most influential factor. The ANFIS model outperformed linear and nonlinear regression models, as well as the regression tree model, achieving a 97.3% accuracy in predicting the DoC.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
P. Sathishkumar, Thiyagarajan Jayaraman, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj
Summary: This research aims to mitigate the influence of tyre blow-outs on vehicle trajectory by adjusting the position of the vehicle's center of gravity through suspension control. The model predictive control (MPC) scheme is employed to estimate and control the forces applied to the flat tyre through the suspension actuator. Various suspension systems, including the proposed comfort-lateral trajectory controlled standalone active suspension, are examined. The effectiveness of each suspension and its control strategy in a tyre blow-out scenario is assessed using different longitudinal velocities and steer inputs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tamer Khalaf, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Khaja Moiduddin
Summary: Laser cutting technology has become increasingly popular in leather cutting due to its advantages such as adaptability, mass production, and reduction in waste. This study investigated the cutting of vegetable chrome-tanned buffalo leather using a 20W laser diode with different control methods. Quality indicators such as emission rate, kerf width, carbonization, and material removal rate were evaluated. The results showed that the pulse width control approach achieved better cutting quality, with higher emission and material removal rates, smaller kerf width, and less carbonization. Optimal cutting parameters were determined using the MOORA approach.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dong Pham Van, Phan Nguyen Huu, T. Muthuramalingam, S. Shirguppikar, Dua Tran Van, Hung Tran Quoc
Summary: The effects of carbon coating in tungsten carbide tool electrode in μ-EDM process were analyzed. The influence of process parameters on performance measures such as depth of cut, tool wear rate, and overcut were also investigated while machining titanium alloy specimens. From the surface morphology analysis, it was observed that there were less burrs on the orifice surface of the hole with the coated electrode than the uncoated electrode.
SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dong Pham Van, Shailesh Shirguppikar, Phan Nguyen Huu, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Thanh Le Thi Phuong, Ly Nguyen Tron, Vaibhav Ganachari
Summary: Coated electrodes are a solution to reduce the production cost in electrical discharge machining (EDM). This article analyzes and evaluates the efficiency of using graphene-coated aluminum (Al) electrode for Ti-6Al-4V in EDM. The research results show significant improvement in quality characteristics and surface quality of the specimen with coated electrodes in EDM compared to uncoated electrodes.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
M. Mohamed Rabik, S. Vasanth, T. Muthuramalingam
Summary: In this study, an attempt was made to improve the cutting process of diode-assisted laser beam machining using an LQR controller. The results showed that the LQR approach produced better kerf width and carbonization compared to the PID controller.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
S. Vasanth, T. Muthuramalingam, S. Surya Prakash, S. Shriman Raghav, G. Logeshwaran
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different control approaches in laser diode cutting process on leather specimens. By considering the kerf width and material removal rate, it was found that the combined control of standoff distance (SOD) and pulse width modulation (PWM) can produce better performance measures and larger material removal rate.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xuanen Kan, Yanjun Lu, Fan Zhang, Weipeng Hu
Summary: A blade disk system is crucial for the energy conversion efficiency of turbomachinery, but differences between blades can result in localized vibration. This study develops an approximate symplectic method to simulate vibration localization in a mistuned bladed disk system and reveals the influences of initial positive pressure, contact angle, and surface roughness on the strength of vibration localization.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zimeng Liu, Cheng Chang, Haodong Hu, Hui Ma, Kaigang Yuan, Xin Li, Xiaojian Zhao, Zhike Peng
Summary: Considering the calculation efficiency and accuracy of meshing characteristics of gear pair with tooth root crack fault, a parametric model of cracked spur gear is established by simplifying the crack propagation path. The LTCA method is used to calculate the time-varying meshing stiffness and transmission error, and the results are verified by finite element method. The study also proposes a crack area share index to measure the degree of crack fault and determines the application range of simplified crack propagation path.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Rongjian Sun, Conggan Ma, Nic Zhang, Chuyo Kaku, Yu Zhang, Qirui Hou
Summary: This paper proposes a novel forward calculation method (FCM) for calculating anisotropic material parameters (AMPs) of the motor stator assembly, considering structural discontinuities and composite material properties. The method is based on multi-scale theory and decouples the multi-scale equations to describe the equivalence and equivalence preconditions of AMPs of two scale models. The effectiveness of this method is verified by modal experiments.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hao Zhang, Jiangcen Ke
Summary: This research introduces an intelligent scheduling system framework to optimize the ship lock schedule of the Three Gorges Hub. By analyzing navigational rules, operational characteristics, and existing problems, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is formulated with multiple objectives and constraints, and a hybrid intelligent algorithm is constructed for optimization.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jingjing He, Xizhong Wu, Xuefei Guan
Summary: A sensitivity and reliability enhanced ultrasonic method has been developed in this study to monitor and predict stress loss in pre-stressed multi-layer structures. The method leverages the potential breathing effect of porous cushion materials in the structures to increase the sensitivity of the signal feature to stress loss. Experimental investigations show that the proposed method offers improved accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity to stress change.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Benyamin Hosseiny, Jalal Amini, Hossein Aghababaei
Summary: This paper presents a method for monitoring sub-second or sub-minute displacements using GBSAR signals, which employs spectral estimation to achieve multi-dimensional target detection. It improves the processing of MIMO radar data and enables high-resolution fast displacement monitoring from GBSAR signals.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xianze Li, Hao Su, Ling Xiang, Qingtao Yao, Aijun Hu
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method for bearing fault identification, which can accurately identify faults with few samples under complex working conditions. The method is based on a Transformer meta-learning model, and the final result is determined by the weighted voting of multiple models.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiaomeng Li, Yi Wang, Guangyao Zhang, Baoping Tang, Yi Qin
Summary: Inspired by chaos fractal theory and slowly varying damage dynamics theory, this paper proposes a new health monitoring indicator for vibration signals of rotating machinery, which can effectively monitor the mechanical condition under both cyclo-stationary and variable operating conditions.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hao Wang, Songye Zhu
Summary: This paper extends the latching mechanism to vibration control to improve energy dissipation efficiency. An innovative semi-active latched mass damper (LMD) is proposed, and different latching control strategies are tested and evaluated. The latching control can optimize the phase lag between control force and structural response, and provide an innovative solution to improve damper effectiveness and develop adaptive semi-active dampers.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Menghao Ping, Xinyu Jia, Costas Papadimitriou, Xu Han, Chao Jiang, Wang-Ji Yan
Summary: Identification of non-Gaussian processes is a challenging task in engineering problems. This article presents an improved orthogonal series expansion method to convert the identification of non-Gaussian processes into a finite number of non-Gaussian coefficients. The uncertainty of these coefficients is quantified using polynomial chaos expansion. The proposed method is applicable to both stationary and nonstationary non-Gaussian processes and has been validated through simulated data and real-world applications.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lei Li, Wei Yang, Dongfa Li, Jianxin Han, Wenming Zhang
Summary: The frequency locking phenomenon induced by modal coupling can effectively overcome the dependence of peak frequency on driving strength in nonlinear resonant systems and improve the stability of peak frequency. This study proposes the double frequencies locking phenomenon in a three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) magnetic coupled resonant system driven by piezoelectricity. Experimental and theoretical investigations confirm the occurrence of first frequency locking and the subsequent switching to second frequency locking with the increase of driving force. Furthermore, a mass sensing scheme for double analytes is proposed based on the double frequencies locking phenomenon.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kai Ma, Jingtao Du, Yang Liu, Ximing Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of using nonlinear energy sinks (NES) as replacements for traditional linear tuned mass dampers (TMD) in practical engineering applications, specifically in diesel engine crankshafts. The results show that NES provides better vibration attenuation for the crankshaft compared to TMD under different operating conditions.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wentao Xu, Li Cheng, Shuaihao Lei, Lei Yu, Weixuan Jiao
Summary: In this study, a high-precision hydraulic mechanical stand and a vertical mixed-flow pumping station device were used to conduct research on cavitation signals of mixed-flow pumps. By analyzing the water pressure pulsation signal, it was found that the power spectrum density method is more sensitive and capable of extracting characteristics compared to traditional time-frequency domain analysis. This has significant implications for the identification and prevention of cavitation in mixed-flow pump machinery.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiaodong Chen, Kang Tai, Huifeng Tan, Zhimin Xie
Summary: This paper addresses the issue of parasitic motion in microgripper jaws and its impact on clamping accuracy, and proposes a symmetrically stressed parallelogram mechanism as a solution. Through mechanical modeling and experimental validation, the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhifeng Shi, Gang Zhang, Jing Liu, Xinbin Li, Yajun Xu, Changfeng Yan
Summary: This study provides useful guidance for early bearing fault detection and diagnosis by investigating the effects of crack inclination and propagation direction on the vibration characteristics of bearings.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2024)
