Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gwang Hyeon Choi, Eun Sun Jang, Young Seok Kim, Youn Jae Lee, In Hee Kim, Sung Bum Cho, Han Chu Lee, Jeong Won Jang, Moran Ki, Hwa Young Choi, Dahye Baik, Sook-Hyang Jeong
Summary: Compared to untreated patients, those treated with IBT or DAA had significantly lower incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and death/transplantation. There were no significant differences in the risks of HCC and death/transplantation between patients who achieved sustained virologic response with IBT or DAA.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaomi Li, Jingyan Wang, Xiaoyan Ding, Yawen Xu, Minghua Yu, Hongxiao Wu, Na Deng, Wei Li, Jinglong Chen
Summary: The clinical efficacy of lenvatinib was compared between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. The study found that patients with HBV-HCC had higher objective response rate and disease control rate compared to HCV-HCC, but there were no significant differences in progression-free survival and overall survival between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis identified HBV infection and antiviral time > 5 years as independent favorable factors for progression-free survival. Overall, lenvatinib seemed to be more effective in HBV-related HCC compared to HCV-related HCC.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sung-Shuo Kao, Chia-Jung Li, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Cheng-Li Lin, Renin Chang, Yao-Min Hung
Summary: Previous studies have suggested a link between HCV and HPV-associated head and neck cancers. However, limited studies have examined the association between HPV infection and the risk of new-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. This study found that HPV infection was associated with a lower risk of subsequent HCC among CHC patients.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Won Sohn, Yoosoo Chang, Yong Kyun Cho, Yun Soo Hong, Seungho Ryu
Summary: This study investigated whether isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positivity is a risk factor for long-term liver-related outcomes in Korean adults. The study found that isolated anti-HBc positivity is associated with liver-related and liver cancer mortality, especially when accompanied by a high fibrosis score.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Tali Shaltiel, Serena Zheng, Cleo Siderides, Elizabeth M. Gleeson, Jacquelyn Carr, Eric R. Pletcher, Noah A. Cohen, Benjamin J. Golas, Deepa R. Magge, Daniel M. Labow, Andrea D. Branch, Umut Sarpel
Summary: Black patients with HCV exposure develop HCC at earlier stages of liver disease with more aggressive tumor features. Nearly one-third of Black patients do not meet the common HCC screening criteria, suggesting a need to revise guidelines to be more inclusive. Further molecular studies are needed to characterize the biological properties of tumors in Black patients.
Review
Oncology
Xinhe Zhang, Lin Guan, Haoyu Tian, Zilu Zeng, Jiayu Chen, Die Huang, Ji Sun, Jiaqi Guo, Huipeng Cui, Yiling Li
Summary: HCC is a common cancer with increasing incidence caused by HBV and HCV infections, liver cirrhosis, and metabolic risk factors. Predictive factors can assess the risk of HCC, and prevention strategies include vaccination, antiviral treatment, and HCC management to reduce recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Byungyoon Yun, Sang Hoon Ahn, Juyeon Oh, Jin-Ha Yoon, Beom Kyung Kim
Summary: The study examined the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who underwent surgical resection. The results showed that MAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC recurrence and all-cause mortality. The study highlights the importance of developing preventive strategies through the management of metabolic health.
Article
Virology
Peng Lin, Dong-Yue Wen, Jin-Shu Pang, Wei Liao, Yu-Ji Chen, Yun He, Hong Yang
Summary: This study developed an overall survival prediction model based on protein expression profiles in HBV-infected nontumor liver tissues, demonstrating the feasibility of using protein expression profiles in nontumor liver tissues for survival prediction.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaofei Li, Shuang Wu, Yuexiao Yu
Summary: Aspirin use may be independently associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. These findings need to be validated in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Nathan L. Meyers, Tal Ashuach, Danielle E. Lyons, Mir M. Khalid, Camille R. Simoneau, Ann L. Erickson, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Thong T. Nguyen, G. Renuka Kumar, Taha Y. Taha, Vaishaali Natarajan, Jody L. Baron, Norma Neff, Fabio Zanini, Tokameh Mahmoudi, Stephen R. Quake, Nevan J. Krogan, Stewart Cooper, Todd C. Mcdevitt, Nir Yosef, Melanie Ott
Summary: HCV infection can cause liver disease and increase the risk of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study identifies liver stem cells as novel targets for HCV infection and suggests that erroneous differentiation of these cells may contribute to impaired liver regeneration and cancer development.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Anthony A. Stephenson, Sheng Cao, David J. Taggart, Vinod P. Vyavahare, Zucai Suo
Summary: Nucleoside analogs play an important role in the development of anti-viral and anti-cancer drugs. Liver-specific prodrugs of gemcitabine were synthesized to target HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, showing potential therapeutic effects with reduced cytotoxicity in certain cancer cell lines. The prodrugs also exhibited inhibitory effects on HCV replicon and synergistic effects with other anti-HCV drugs, supporting their development as liver-specific therapeutics.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jie Li, Hwai- Yang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Michael H. Le, An K. Le, Yee Hui Yeo, Chia-Yen Dai, Scott Barnett, Jian Q. Zhang, Jee-Fu Huang, Huy N. Trinh, Christopher Wong, Clifford Wong, Joseph K. Hoang, Ramsey Cheung, Ming-Lung Yu, Mindie H. Nguyen
Summary: This study found that concurrent FL in patients with CHB significantly reduces the risk of cirrhosis and HCC, as well as increases the rate of HBsAg seroclearance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms of FL on CHB.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Marco Y. W. Zaki, Ahmed M. Fathi, Samara Samir, Nardeen Eldafashi, Kerolis Y. William, Maiiada Hassan Nazmy, Moustafa Fathy, Upkar S. Gill, Shishir Shetty
Summary: HBV and HCV infections are the most common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their distribution affects the global prevalence of this type of liver cancer. Hepatitis infections elicit immune responses within the liver microenvironment, and persistent viral infection leads to chronic liver inflammation and carcinogenesis.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lukas Baumann, Dominique L. Braun, Matthias Cavassini, Marcel Stoeckle, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Alexandra Calmy, David Haerry, Charles Beguelin, Christoph A. Fux, Gilles Wandeler, Bernard Surial, Andri Rauch
Summary: The study assessed the changes in the prevalence of replicating HCV infection, treatment uptake, and liver-related morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV and hepatitis C. The introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the prevalence of replicating HCV infection, as well as a decrease in overall mortality and incidence of liver-related events in this population.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chiara Rocha, Erin H. Doyle, Chip A. Bowman, M-Isabel Fiel, Ashley E. Stueck, Nicolas Goossens, Kian Bichoupan, James F. Crismale, Jasnit Makkar, Sara Lewis, Ponni V. Perumalswami, Thomas D. Schiano, Yujin Hoshida, Myron Schwartz, Andrea D. Branch, Neal Patel
Summary: Successful treatment of hepatitis C reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis, but patients are still at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Risk factors for post-SVR HCC include non-Caucasian race, smoking, age over 60, low albumin level, elevated AST/ALT ratio, and low platelet count. AFP may be a promising marker for post-SVR HCC risk.
Article
Immunology
Isabella C. Schoepf, Christian W. Thorball, Helen Kovari, Bruno Ledergerber, Ronny R. Buechel, Alexandra Calmy, Rainer Weber, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Rene Nkoulou, Johannes M. Schwenke, Dominique L. Braun, Jacques Fellay, Philip E. Tarr
Summary: In Swiss HIV-infected individuals, subclinical coronary artery disease is independently associated with an individual polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease. Combining non-genetic and genetic cardiovascular risk factors provides the most powerful prediction for subclinical coronary artery disease.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Yveline Ansaldi, Begona Martinez de Tejada Weber
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy can have significant consequences for both the mother and the baby. Treating asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) can reduce the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. Further research is needed to understand the complications of ASB and to explore preventive measures.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Suraj Balakrishna, Tom Loosli, Maryam Zaheri, Paul Frischknecht, Michael Huber, Katharina Kusejko, Sabine Yerly, Karoline Leuzinger, Matthieu Perreau, Alban Ramette, Chris Wymant, Christophe Fraser, Paul Kellam, Astrid Gall, Hans H. Hirsch, Marcel Stoeckle, Andri Rauch, Matthias Cavassini, Enos Bernasconi, Julia Notter, Alexandra Calmy, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Karin J. Metzner, Roger D. Kouyos
Summary: This study compared the reliability of Sanger sequencing and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in detecting HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). The results showed good agreement between the two methods when detecting mutations at a threshold of 5% or higher. However, at lower thresholds, NGS detected a substantial number of low-frequency mutations, which were likely to be sequencing errors.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bernard Surial, Adria Ramirez Mena, Marie Roumet, Andreas Limacher, Colette Smit, Olivier Leleux, Amanda Mocroft, Marc van der Valk, Fabrice Bonnet, Lars Peters, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Huldrych F. Guenthard, Annalisa Berzigotti, Andri Rauch, Gilles Wandeler
Summary: HBV coinfection is the most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among people living with HIV (PLWH). While risk prediction tools for HCC have been validated in patients with HBV monoinfection, they have not been evaluated in PLWH. This study performed an external validation of PAGE-B in PLWH with HBV coinfection, and found that PAGE-B is a valid tool to determine the need for HCC screening.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Rebekka Faber Thudium, Andreas Ronit, Shoaib Afzal, Yunus Colak, Julie Lyng Forman, Fernando Mendo, Fabian Chen, Vicente Estrada, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Jens Lundgren, Jorgen Vestbo, Ken M. Kunisaki, Susanne Dam Nielsen
Summary: This study compared the decline in lung function between people living with HIV who receive antiretroviral therapy and matched controls, and found that well-treated PLWH have faster lung function decline than controls. Smoking seems to modify this association, suggesting that smoking may lead to more rapid lung function decline in PLWH than in controls.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Migle J. Gabrielaite, Marc Bennedbaek, Malthe Sebro J. Rasmussen, Virginia Kan, Hansjakob J. Furrer, Robert Flisiak, Marcelo J. Losso, Jens D. Lundgren, INSIGHT START Study Group, Rasmus L. Marvig
Summary: After HIV transmission, the viral population becomes more diverse due to recombination and acquired mutations, and this diversity is associated with viral load (VL), a key progression marker. Understanding the relationship between intrahost genetic diversity and VL could help improve HIV monitoring and treatment strategies.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jonathan Muri, Valentina Cecchinato, Andrea Cavalli, Akanksha A. A. Shanbhag, Milos Matkovic, Maira Biggiogero, Pier Andrea Maida, Jacques Moritz, Chiara Toscano, Elaheh Ghovehoud, Raffaello Furlan, Franca Barbic, Antonio Voza, Guendalina De Nadai, Carlo Cervia, Yves Zurbuchen, Patrick Taeschler, Lilly A. Murray, Gabriela Danelon-Sargenti, Simone Moro, Tao Gong, Pietro Piffaretti, Filippo Bianchini, Virginia Crivelli, Lucie Podesvova, Mattia Pedotti, David Jarrossay, Jacopo Sgrignani, Sylvia Thelen, Mario Uhr, Enos Bernasconi, Andri Rauch, Antonio Manzo, Adrian Ciurea, Marco B. L. Rocchi, Luca Varani, Bernhard Moser, Barbara Bottazzi, Marcus Thelen, Brian A. Fallon, Onur Boyman, Alberto Mantovani, Christian Garzoni, Alessandra Franzetti-Pellanda, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Davide F. Robbiani
Summary: We found that antibodies against specific chemokines are commonly present in COVID-19 convalescents and are associated with favorable disease outcomes and a decreased risk of long COVID development at 1 year post-infection. These chemokine antibodies are also found in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune disorders, but target different chemokines compared to COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID-19 convalescents that bind to the chemokine N-loop impair cell migration. Naturally occurring chemokine antibodies may modulate the inflammatory response and have therapeutic potential.
Article
Immunology
Wendy P. Bannister, Dorthe Raben, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Martin Tolstrup, Lykke Larsen, Britta Tarp, Mette Brouw Iversen, Ole Schmeltz Sogaard, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Nina Breinholt Staerke, Marie Louise Jakobsen, Susan Olaf Lindvig, Maria Ruwald Juhl, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Ahmed B. Mustafa, Lars Ostergaard, Fredrikke Dam Larsen, Lene Surland Knudsen, Vibeke Klastrup, Lothar Wiese, Thomas Benfield, Kristine Toft Petersen, Kasper K. Iversen, Henrik Nielsen, Joanne Reekie, Jens Lundgren
Summary: Concerns about side effects may contribute to vaccine hesitancy, but knowing that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can lead to a stronger immune response may encourage more individuals to get vaccinated. Severe adverse reactions were associated with a stronger antibody response after the second vaccine dose, but not after the first. Regardless of side effects, most people experienced an effective immune response following vaccination.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Fabio Mauri, Fanny Schumacher, Marta Weber, Angele Gayet-Ageron, Begona Martinez de Tejada
Summary: The study found that Swiss obstetrics and gynecology professionals generally believed that the caesarean section rate was too high and actions were needed to reduce this rate. Improving patient education and professional training were considered as the main strategies to be explored.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY-X
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul J. J. McLaren, Immacolata Porreca, Gennaro Iaconis, Hoi Ping Mok, Subhankar Mukhopadhyay, Emre Karakoc, Sara Cristinelli, Cristina Pomilla, Istvan Bartha, Christian W. W. Thorball, Riley H. H. Tough, Paolo Angelino, Cher S. S. Kiar, Tommy Carstensen, Segun Fatumo, Tarryn Porter, Isobel Jarvis, William C. C. Skarnes, Andrew Bassett, Marianne K. K. DeGorter, Mohana Prasad Sathya Moorthy, Jeffrey F. F. Tuff, Eun-Young Kim, Miriam Walter, Lacy M. M. Simons, Arman Bashirova, Susan Buchbinder, Mary Carrington, Andrea Cossarizza, Andrea De Luca, James J. J. Goedert, David B. B. Goldstein, David W. W. Haas, Joshua T. T. Herbeck, Eric O. O. Johnson, Pontiano Kaleebu, William Kilembe, Gregory D. D. Kirk, Neeltje A. A. Kootstra, Alex H. H. Kral, Olivier Lambotte, Ma Luo, Simon Mallal, Javier Martinez-Picado, Laurence Meyer, Jose M. Miro, Pravi Moodley, Ayesha A. A. Motala, James I. I. Mullins, Kireem Nam, Niels Obel, Fraser Pirie, Francis A. A. Plummer, Guido Poli, Matthew A. A. Price, Andri Rauch, Ioannis Theodorou, Alexandra Trkola, Bruce D. D. Walker, Cheryl A. A. Winkler, Jean-Francois Zagury, Stephen B. B. Montgomery, Angela Ciuffi, Judd F. F. Hultquist, Steven M. M. Wolinsky, Gordon Dougan, Andrew M. L. Lever, Deepti Gurdasani, Harriet Groom, Manjinder S. S. Sandhu, Jacques Fellay
Summary: This study identified a previously undescribed association signal on chromosome 1 that is specific to African populations and is associated with lower set-point viral load in individuals living with HIV-1. Experimental studies showed that the gene CHD1L, which is involved in DNA repair, may play a role in limiting HIV-1 replication.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kirstine K. Rasmussen, Quenia dos Santos, Cameron Ross Macpherson, Adrian G. Zucco, Lars Klingen Gjaerde, Emma E. Ilett, Isabelle Lodding, Marie Helleberg, Jens D. Lundgren, Susanne D. Nielsen, Susanne Brix, Henrik Sengelov, Daniel D. Murray
Summary: This study investigated the associations between metabolic profiles and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). The results showed that lower levels of trimethylamine N-oxide were associated with subsequent CMV infection. Exploratory analysis also revealed other metabolic clusters associated with CMV infection.
Correction
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecka Svanberg, Cameron MacPherson, Adrian Zucco, Rudi Agius, Tereza Faitova, Michael Asger Andersen, Caspar da Cunha-Bang, Lars Klingen Gjaerde, Maria Elizabeth Engel Moller, Patrick Terrence Brooks, Birgitte Lindegaard, Adin Sejdic, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Anne Ortved Gang, Ditte Stampe Hersby, Christian Brieghel, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Daria Podlekareva, Annemette Hald, Jakob Thaning Bay, Hanne Marquart, Jens Lundgren, Anne-Mette Lebech, Marie Helleberg, Carsten Utoft Niemann, Sisse Rye Ostrowski
COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dina Leth Moller, Soren Schwartz Sorensen, Michael Perch, Finn Gustafsson, Annemette Hald, Andreas Delhbaek Knudsen, Ranya Abdulovski, Nicoline Stender Arentoft, Jens Lundgren, Allan Rasmussen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Susanne Dam Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated the change in induced cytokine concentrations after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and found that all stimuli except IL-10 showed decreased concentrations post-SOT. The study also found no difference in induced cytokine concentrations pre-SOT between recipients with or without acute rejection. This standardized assay may provide important information on immune function post-SOT.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Morup, Lusine Nazaryan-Petersen, Migle Gabrielaite, Joanne Reekie, Hanne V. Marquart, Hans Jakob Hartling, Rasmus Marvig, Terese L. Katzenstein, Tania N. Masmas, Jens D. Lundgren, Daniel D. Murray, Marie Helleberg, Line Borgwardt
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrew N. Phillips, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Maryam Shahmanesh, James R. Hargreaves, Jennifer Smith, Paul Revill, Euphemia Sibanda, Peter Ehrenkranz, Kenly Sikwese, Alison Rodger, Jens Lundgren, Charles F. Gilks, Catherine Godfrey, Frances Cowan, Valentina Cambiano
Summary: Providing free post-exposure prophylaxis medication to communities without prescription can reduce the incidence of HIV to some extent, but further pilot projects are needed to assess its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)