Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xuehua Yan, Yang Xie, Hongbing Liu, Meng Huang, Zhen Yang, Dongqing An, Guangjian Jiang
Summary: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a serious heart disease caused by diabetes, unrelated to hypertension and coronary artery disease. Excessive iron accumulation in DC can lead to imbalances in the antioxidant system, activating pathological processes and accelerating cardiac and microvascular damage. Understanding iron metabolism and excessive iron-mediated cell death (ferroptosis) in cardiovascular vessels can improve DC management.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kexin Wang, Yixin Cui, Peng Lin, Zhina Yao, Yu Sun
Summary: JunD plays a significant role in regulating the function of pancreatic beta-cells by altering lipid accumulation, affecting insulin secretion and cell apoptosis. Gene silencing of JunD can reverse the lipotoxic effects on beta-cells.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yachun Han, Shan Xiong, Hao Zhao, Shikun Yang, Ming Yang, Xuejing Zhu, Na Jiang, Xiaofen Xiong, Peng Gao, Ling Wei, Ying Xiao, Lin Sun
Summary: The deficiency of autophagy-mediated lipophagy plays a critical role in the ectopic lipid deposition and renal injury related to lipids in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Decreased lipophagy, increased ectopic lipid deposition and lipotoxicity were observed in tubular cells of DN patients and db/db mice, and these effects could be reversed by the autophagy-promoting adiponectin receptor activator AdipoRon.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jiahan Ke, Jianan Pan, Hao Lin, Jun Gu
Summary: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic that often leads to cardiovascular diseases and death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart dysfunction caused by DM, independent of coronary artery diseases and hypertension. Both type 1 and type 2 DM patients are at a high risk of developing DCM and heart failure. The metabolic disorders of obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 DM lead to dyslipidemia and lipotoxicity, causing damage to organs including the heart. Although various mechanisms have been proposed, it is still not fully understood how lipotoxicity affects cardiac function and how DM induces clinical heart syndrome. In this article, we summarize the latest discoveries on lipid-induced cardiac toxicity in diabetic hearts and discuss the potential therapies and controversies in clinical DCM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyan Xie, Ting Xie, Jieying Liu, Qian Zhang, Xinhua Xiao
Summary: This study investigates the effects of GCK inactivation on hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation in GCK-MODY patients. The results show that GCK-MODY individuals have a cardioprotective lipid profile and GCK inactivation alleviates lipid accumulation and decreases inflammation-related gene expression. The study also reveals that GCK inactivation alters hepatic lipid metabolism and is regulated by enzymes involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and the Kennedy pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiu Mei Ma, Kang Geng, Betty Yuen-Kwan Law, Peng Wang, Yue Li Pu, Qing Chen, Hui Wen Xu, Xiao Zhen Tan, Zong Zhe Jiang, Yong Xu
Summary: The cytosolic mtDNA-induced cGAS-STING activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related DCM. Increased mtDNA in the cytosol is a result of excessive mitochondrial ROS production, leading to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and subsequent inflammation and apoptosis. Inhibition or knockdown of STING can effectively block the progression of DCM.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nilanjan Ghosh, Leena Chacko, Hiranmoy Bhattacharya, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Sagnik Nag, Abhijit Dey, Tanushree Karmakar, P. Hemachandra Reddy, Ramesh Kandimalla, Saikat Dewanjee
Summary: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular complications often occur together, creating a challenging situation. The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) involves complex pathophysiological pathways at the metabolic and molecular level, leading to structural and functional alterations of the heart. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have shown promising results in improving cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes. This article highlights the pathways contributing to DCM and discusses potential future therapies.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebekah J. Nicholson, Marcus G. Pezzolesi, Scott A. Summers
Summary: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and progressive comorbidity of diabetes mellitus that increases the risk of renal failure. Research suggests that bioactive ceramides may serve as a potential therapeutic target for DKD, as modulation of renal ceramide levels could improve kidney function and ameliorate DKD pathology. Studies have shown that circulating sphingolipid profiles can distinguish DKD patients from diabetic controls, highlighting the potential of ceramide as a central and therapeutically tractable lipid mediator of DKD.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christopher E. Shannon, Aurora Merovci, Marcel Fourcaudot, Devjit Tripathy, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Hu Wang, Xianlin Han, Luke Norton, Ralph A. DeFronzo
Summary: This study demonstrates that the major lipid pools in skeletal muscle are not affected by increased glucose availability, suggesting that glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity promote insulin resistance through distinct mechanistic pathways.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed F. Gholam, Lauren P. Liu, Louis A. Searcy, Nancy D. Denslow, Abdel A. Alli
Summary: The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin may improve comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus by altering lipid composition, suppressing extracellular vesicle release, and disrupting lipid rafts in the kidney.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Bassel Eldeen Makki, Sarah Rahman
Summary: Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are two common chronic diseases with shared pathological pathways, with various lipids playing a crucial role in the development of both diseases.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Meiling Yan, Lun Li, Qing Wang, Xiaoqi Shao, Qingmao Luo, Suping Liu, Yun Li, Dongwei Wang, Yue Zhang, Hongtao Diao, Xianglu Rong, Jiao Guo
Summary: FTZ improves cardiac function, attenuates heart hypertrophy, improves serum lipid and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and restrains oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammatory activities in diabetic mouse hearts.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hua Wang, Shu Zhang, Jia Guo
Summary: Research suggests that lipotoxicity plays a significant role in renal injury during the progression of diabetic nephropathy, primarily leading to glomerular dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jiawei Wang, Ying Zhang, Wanna Li, Fang Zhou, Jianqiao Li
Summary: This study aims to identify the differential profiles of lipids between aqueous humor of control and diabetic cataract patients. The results show significant differences in lipid composition between the diabetic and control groups, with higher levels of triglycerides (TGs) and lower levels of Ceramide-1-phosphates in the diabetic group. TG (42:6) and diacylglycerol (DG) (24:2) exhibit high prediction capability for diabetic cataract. In addition, the concentration of TG (42:6) in aqueous humor is positively correlated with serum TG levels in diabetic patients.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Lu, Kun Hao, Yu Hong, Jie Liu, Jinwei Zhu, Wenjiao Jiang, Zheying Zhu, Guangji Wang, Ying Peng
Summary: MGIG protects hepatocytes against PA-induced cytotoxicity and ERS by regulating lipid metabolism, reducing lipid accumulation, inhibiting glyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulating metabolic enzymes involved in lipid synthesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujia Wu, Wen Zhang, Jianyu Huang, Zichen Luo, Junsong Li, Lingchong Wang, Liuqing Di
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zichen Luo, Weichen Xu, Ying Zhang, Liuqing Di, Jinjun Shan
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hua Yan, Guiying Qian, Rui Yang, Zichen Luo, Xianzheng Wang, Tong Xie, Xia Zhao, Jinjun Shan
Summary: The study demonstrated that HL Granule was effective in reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and levels of IL-4 and IL-5. It may improve pulmonary lipid homeostasis as a potential alternative or supplementary therapy for asthma treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jianjian Ji, Ling Sun, Zichen Luo, Ying Zhang, Wang Xianzheng, Yingzhao Liao, Xie Tong, Jinjun Shan
Summary: Pulmonary surfactant, composed of 90% lipids and 10% proteins, reduces surface tension in the lungs, preventing alveolar collapse and reducing mechanical work during breathing. Surfactant lipids have shown potential for therapeutic applications in respiratory viral infections due to their anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kang Du, Ling Sun, Zichen Luo, Yang Cao, Qiushi Sun, Kangzhen Zhang, Ahmed Faizy, Daniele Piomelli, Xiang Lu, Jinjun Shan, Qin Yang
Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and altered lipid composition in lung surfactant may play a role in promoting viral entry and infection.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yong Xu, Xuan Wang, Di Han, Junyi Wang, Zichen Luo, Tianzi Jin, Chen Shi, Xianmei Zhou, Lili Lin, Jinjun Shan
Summary: In this study, it was demonstrated that Jiegeng decoction (JGD) has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. The research also revealed that JGD may regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in lung cells.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Weiwei Li, Hui Chen, Yihan Qian, Shouchuan Wang, Zichen Luo, Jinjun Shan, Xiaoni Kong, Yueqiu Gao
Summary: This study used lipidomics and metabolomics techniques to summarize the metabolic characteristics of four commonly used acute intrahepatic cholestasis models. The results showed that the bile acid profile was altered in all models. Additionally, different models exhibited distinct metabolic profiles, revealing the differences in the mechanisms of acute cholestasis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xirui Qiu, Siyan Xu, Yang Lu, Zichen Luo, Yangtian Yan, Chuyue Wang, Jianjian Ji
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen causing bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly. No approved preventative vaccine for RSV infection currently exists. However, advances in understanding the RSV surface fusion glycoprotein have provided a new target for vaccine development. Among the six different approaches to preventative RSV therapeutics, mRNA vaccines have shown the most promising results.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Haijian Sun, Yunke Guo, Haidan Wang, Ailing Yin, Jing Hu, Tianjie Yuan, Shuxin Zhou, Weichen Xu, Peng Wei, Shusheng Yin, Panru Liu, Xi Guo, Yizhao Tang, Yujiao Yan, Zichen Luo, Majie Wang, Qingqing Liang, Peng Wu, Aifeng Zhang, Zhuxiu Zhou, Yueyue Chen, Yongming Li, Jing Li, Jinjun Shan, Wei Zhou
Summary: This study found that the food-derived Parabacteroides distasonis can ameliorate the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is negatively correlated with disease activity in RA patients. In addition, 3-oxoLCA and isoLCA can inhibit the development of RA by stimulating TGR5 and promoting macrophage polarization.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zichen Luo, Weichen Xu, Tianjie Yuan, Chen Shi, Tianzi Jin, Ying Chong, Jianjian Ji, Lili Lin, Jianya Xu, Ying Zhang, An Kang, Wei Zhou, Tong Xie, Liuqing Di, Jinjun Shan
Summary: This study confirmed the critical role of gut microbes in the intervention of Platycodon grandiflorus root extract (PRE) on metabolic syndrome (MetS), and investigated the mechanism. It was found that PRE exerted its effects by improving the gut microbiome. Additionally, PRE increased the gene expression of colonic tight junction proteins, alleviated metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation, and improved hepatic insulin signaling pathway. The study also demonstrated that the anti-MetS effect of PRE depended on the gut microbiota.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Yang Zhou, Tianzi Jin, Mingtong Gao, Zichen Luo, Sadaf Mutahir, Chen Shi, Tong Xie, Lili Lin, Jianya Xu, Yingzhao Liao, Ming Chen, Haishan Deng, Min Zheng, Jinjun Shan
Summary: This study found that Platycodon grandiflorum extract (PAE) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide a novel strategy for the potential application of PAE as a preventive agent for patients with acute lung injury (ALI).
Article
Plant Sciences
Haiying Gong, Di Han, Zichen Luo, Qingping Zhu, Xiaolin Zhu, Sen Liu, Diping Chen
Summary: This study investigated the potential effects of Xiangshao Decoction (XST) on gastric mucosal injury in GU rats and explored the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that XST can improve oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response in GU rats and cell models, and its mechanism is mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan Ma, Yang Cao, Xiaocui Song, Weichen Xu, Zichen Luo, Jinjun Shan, Jingjie Zhou
Summary: A semi-empirical MS/MS library was developed to annotate amino acid-conjugated bile acids. Through chemical conjugation and mass spectrometry analysis, a library of 180 structures was generated, and the BAFinder 2.0 software was developed for automatic identification. Experimental validation on fecal samples from human, beagle dogs, and rats successfully annotated 171 amino acid-conjugated bile acids and discovered four novel conjugates.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yong Xu, Xuan Wang, Di Han, Junyi Wang, Zichen Luo, Tianzi Jin, Chen Shi, Xianmei Zhou, Lili Lin, Jinjun Shan
Summary: The study found that Jiegeng decoction can protect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This provides evidence for Jiegeng decoction as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bingbing Liu, Jie Cao, Lu Liu, Min Zeng, Hongli Yu, Hao Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effect of processing with Chebulae Fructus on the chemical composition of Euphorbia pekinensis (EP) and found that it could alter the composition and reduce toxicity, providing a scientific basis for optimizing processing technology and handling other ethnomedicines with toxic properties.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Renuka P. Rathnasekara, Abu M. Rustum
Summary: A simple and robust HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of four active pharmaceutical ingredients and their degradation products. The method successfully separated the peaks of interest and demonstrated stability-indicating capability by separating the degradation products in stressed samples.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bryan Lee, Gita Kharal, Benjamin Sreenan, Claire Lin, Ruosheng Zeng, Colin A. Fox, Patricia Ellison, Robert O. Ryan, Paul J. Brett, David Aucoin, Xiaoshan Zhu
Summary: In this study, a new type of Mn-doped nanocrystals was developed for detecting a biomarker of a fatal disease. The sensitivity of the detection was enhanced by surface treatment and time-resolved reading, achieving a detection limit comparable to enzyme-based immunoassay.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoling Liu, Ting Yang, Lu Chen, Lili Lan, Guoxiang Sun, Ping Guo
Summary: In this study, the quality of Yiqing tablet was comprehensively evaluated using multi-component quantification, multi-dimensional fingerprint construction, and antioxidant activity analysis. The results showed that the sample had 25 components with antioxidant activity according to the HPLC fingerprint and most bands of FTIR also showed antioxidant activity. Based on the evaluation results of HPLC and FTIR fingerprint, all samples were classified as first level, demonstrating the consistency of sample quality. This study provides a new idea for achieving comprehensive quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Siqi Li, Hao Guo, Yan Gao, Wen Tian, Shan Wang, Chen Shen, Lili Xu, Hailong Liu, Jinliang Zhang, Yingwu Wang
Summary: Using competitive ELISA to detect free cytokines is limited in accurately determining their real state and quantity. In this study, a novel cytokine immunoassay was developed using Rosetta molecular docking prediction technique to establish a method that can detect the true concentration of free cytokines without disrupting the dynamic equilibrium.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Changqing Yu, Tiantian Xie, Haiyan Liu, Ligai Bai
Summary: A phenyl-hybrid monolithic adsorbent with porous structure and multiple functional groups was prepared. It was used for the online extraction and quantification of coumarins in mouse plasma, showing good removal ability and selectivity.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joao B. Pereira Jr, Vanessa S. Carvalho, William Q. Ferreira, Rennan G. O. Araujo, Sergio L. C. Ferreira
Summary: This work presents a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for determining the content of multiple elements in medicinal herbs using ICP OES. The optimized experimental parameters result in low dissolved organic carbon content and residual acidity concentration. The accuracy of the method is confirmed through the analysis of certified reference materials, and its environmental friendliness is validated using the AGREE metric. Principal component analysis is used to classify the medicinal herbs based on their inorganic constituent concentrations.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Orwa Siddig, Chenxi Liu, Mohamed Abdulbagi, Min Song, Yu-ting Lu, Tai-jun Hang
Summary: In this study, a reliable LC-QTOF-MS method was developed to separate and characterize process-related substances and degradation products of Lurasidone hydrochloride. The results showed that Lurasidone hydrochloride exhibited instability under certain stress conditions, and several previously unidentified compounds were discovered. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring and controlling related substances in the manufacturing processes to optimize the process and ensure quality control.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiaxi Fang, Luping Wang, Di Zhang, Yan Liang, Shouxin Li, Jingkui Tian, Qiang He, Juan Jin, Wei Zhu
Summary: This study reports that a novel compound called CPS-A exhibits therapeutic effects on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and explores its potential mechanisms through transcriptomics and metabolomics. CPS-A improves cell viability, reduces inflammatory markers, and attenuates cisplatin-induced kidney injury. The study also identifies potential targets related to amino acid metabolism.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ricardo Conde, Nadia Oliveira, Elisabete Morais, Ana Paula Amaral, Adriana Sousa, Goncalo Graca, Ignacio Verde
Summary: Decreased levels of tyrosine, glutamate, valine, leucine, and isoleucine are associated with worsening pathological cognitive decline. Decreased levels of isobutyrate, histidine, acetone, and unknown-1 metabolite are potential biomarkers with neuroprotective and antioxidant actions for cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
A. L. Santunione, F. Palazzoli, P. Verri, D. Vandelli, V. Castagnetti, C. Profeta, E. Silingardi
Summary: This study describes two fatal suicide cases involving four cardiovascular drugs, and presents the concentrations and distribution of these drugs in different post-mortem specimens. The study developed a fast, sensitive, and simple method for drug detection suitable for forensic purposes.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Meiyun Shi, Xinyue Zheng, Yuncheng Ge, Ning Zhang, Luyao Yu, Xujian Duan, Yajun Liu, Hongyu Xue, Jiansong You, Lei Yin
Summary: This study investigated the cellular uptake of low, medium and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) in MCF-7 cells using UPLC-MS/MS and CID techniques. The results showed that PEG600, PEG2K, PEG4K and PEG10K exhibited low toxicity and had limited cellular entry at concentrations of 5-1200 μg/mL. Additionally, the environmental friendliness of the developed analytical methods was evaluated.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ruijin Geng, Mengjie Yu, Jinbiao Xu, Yuanwang Wei, Qiong Wang, Junguo Chen, Fei Sun, Kun Xu, Han Xu, Xiaohui Liu, Juhua Xiao, Xianchao Zhang, Baogang Xie
Summary: This study validated serum methionine as a potential biomarker for Kawasaki disease (KD), and found that its alteration is associated with the activation of DNMT1 in KD patients.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Eman Shawky, Rasha A. Nassra, Aliaa M. T. El-Alkamy, Shaimaa M. Sallam, Samah M. El Sohafy
Summary: This study employed network pharmacology-based analysis and reverse molecular docking to investigate the molecular targets and pathways associated with gynecological disorders and the potential therapeutic effects of fenugreek constituents. The results highlighted the potential of steroidal saponins, isoflavones, and flavones as active constituents of fenugreek with implications for lactation, reproductive processes, and estrogenic activity. Animal model study further supported the presence of these bioactive compounds and their effects on body weight, serum prolactin levels, serum estradiol levels, and ovarian histological structure.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuelong Zhao, Ruixue Dai, Jing Wang, Liangliang Cao, Peidong Chen, Weifeng Yao, Fangfang Cheng, Beihua Bao, Li Zhang
Summary: This study identified the skin-permeable and skin-retainable components of Cayratia japonica ointment and found that flavonoids are the main active components that play a crucial role in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2024)