Article
Immunology
Yue Su, Zhe Ruan, Shicao Li, Zhuyi Li, Ting Chang
Summary: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on NMOSD, revealing its hotspots and development trends. The United States published the most literature and made significant contributions. The current research hotspots may focus on efficacy, multicenter, interleukin-6 receptor blockade, safety, azathioprine, tolerance, and adult.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tatum M. Moog, Alexander D. Smith, Katy W. Burgess, Morgan McCreary, Darin T. Okuda
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness of high-efficacy treatment and traditional agents in preventing disease advancement in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD). The results show that high-efficacy treatments significantly reduce the risk of MRI advancement, relapses, and hospitalizations compared to traditional treatments. In addition, high-efficacy treatments have a significant preventive effect on the development of new spinal cord lesions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pei Zeng, Chen Du, Rui Zhang, Dongmei Jia, Feng Jiang, Moli Fan, Chao Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrated that retinal ganglion cell loss is independent of optic neuritis attacks in NMOSD. Tocilizumab and rituximab may delay macular ganglion cell complex thinning in eyes without optic neuritis history compared with azathioprine.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Orhan Aktas, Michael A. Smith, William A. Rees, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Dewei She, Eliezer Katz, Bruce A. C. Cree
Summary: High serum GFAP concentration may be associated with NMOSD activity and attack risk, and may reflect treatment effects.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yachinee Naphattalung, Wanicha Leetiratanai Chuenkongkaew, Niphon Chirapapaisan, Poramaet Laowanapiban, Supattra Sawangkul
Summary: The current data from this systematic review are insufficient to conclude definitively whether therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) is effective in improving visual acuity in cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether PLEX effectively improves visual function for acute optic neuritis (ON) in NMO or NMOSD. Twelve studies were included in the analysis, but the data were inconclusive in determining the effectiveness of PLEX for treating acute ON in NMO/NMOSD.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yun-Fan You, Man Chen, Yue Tang, Wen-Xiang Yu, Xiao-Wei Pang, Yun-Hui Chu, Hang Zhang, Ke Shang, Gang Deng, Luo-Qi Zhou, Sheng Yang, Wei Wang, Jun Xiao, Dai-Shi Tian, Chuan Qin
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). TREM2, expressed by microglia, plays a crucial role in microglial activation and function during NMOSD demyelination.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Heather Y. F. Yong, Jodie M. M. Burton
Summary: This article evaluates the current state of NMOSD therapeutics, including targeted immunotherapies and other older agents, by reviewing recent clinical trials and post-marketing data, and considering treatment issues in the context of SARS-CoV2 infection and pregnancy. There has been a significant shift in NMOSD morbidity and mortality with earlier and improved disease recognition, diagnostic accuracy, and the advent of more effective therapies. Choosing a maintenance therapy remains nuanced depending on patient factors and accessibility. With over 100 agents in trials, disease-free survival is now a realistic goal for NMOSD patients.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Daidi Zhao, Kaixi Ren, Jiarui Lu, Zhiqin Liu, Zunbo Li, Jun Wu, Zhihao Xu, Songdi Wu, Tao Lei, Chao Ma, Sijia Zhao, Miao Bai, Hongzeng Li, Jun Guo
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a lower-dose rituximab (RTX) therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) based on a multicenter, open-label, prospective follow-up study. The results demonstrated that the lower-dose RTX strategy significantly reduced relapse rate, improved disability score, and decreased spinal cord lesion. Early therapy initiation showed better outcomes compared to delayed therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Woojun Kim, Ho Jin Kim
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease that targets the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel expressed on astrocytes. Recent studies have shown the efficacy and safety of biologic treatments targeting B-cells, interleukin-6 receptor, and complement. However, there is a need for further research on treatment options for seronegative NMOSD, pediatric patients, and pregnant or wish-to-be-pregnant female patients. Studies on real-world use, durability, and long-term safety of new biologic agents are also important for clinical practice.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Juan Esteban Cote-Orozco, Natalia Velez-Tirado
Summary: A 10-year-old girl presented with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep onset, hypnagogic hallucinations, hyporexia, and behavioral changes. MRI examination revealed bilateral hypothalamic lesion. Positive AQP4 -IgG antibodies were found in serum and low hypocretin levels in the CSF. The diagnosis was narcolepsy secondary to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Subramanian Thangaleela, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Arumugam Radha, Periyanaina Kesika, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord, causing severe symptoms such as optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. It was initially misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis until the discovery of the AQP4 antibody. Various factors, including genetics, environment, medication, and vitamin deficiencies, contribute to the development of NMO. The binding of AQP4 antibodies leads to damage in astrocytes and neuroinflammation. Treatment options for NMO include corticosteroids, apheresis therapies, immunosuppressive drugs, and B cell inactivating and complement cascade blocking agents.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sara Bagherieh, Alireza Afshari-Safavi, Saeed Vaheb, Mahsa Kiani, Elham Moases Ghaffary, Mahdi Barzegar, Vahid Shaygannejad, Aram Zabeti, Omid Mirmosayyeb
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of NMOSD/NMO worldwide. The analysis showed that the rates varied and were higher among females. More large-scale studies are needed to fully understand the epidemiological aspects of these conditions.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Frederike Cosima Oertel, Svenja Specovius, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Claudia Chien, Seyedamirhosein Motamedi, Charlotte Bereuter, Lawrence Cook, Marco Aurelio Lana Peixoto, Mariana Andrade Fontanelle, Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Jacqueline Palace, Adriana Roca-Fernandez, Maria Isabel Leite, Srilakshmi Sharma, Fereshteh Ashtari, Rahele Kafieh, Alireza Dehghani, Mohsen Pourazizi, Lekha Pandit, Anitha D'Cunha, Orhan Aktas, Marius Ringelstein, Philipp Albrecht, Eugene May, Caryl Tongco, Letizia Leocani, Marco Pisa, Marta Radaelli, Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, Hadas Stiebel-Kalish, Sasitorn Siritho, Jerome de Seze, Thomas Senger, Joachim Havla, Romain Marignier, Alvaro Cobo Calvo, Denis Bichuetti, Ivan Maynart Tavares, Nasrin Asgari, Kerstin Soelberg, Ayse Altintas, Rengin Yildirim, Uygur Tanriverdi, Anu Jacob, Saif Huda, Zoe Rimler, Allyson Reid, Yang Mao-Draayer, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Axel Petzold, Ari J. Green, Michael R. Yeaman, Terry Smith, Alexander U. Brandt, Friedemann Paul
Summary: This study highlights the importance of attack prevention to avoid severe neuroaxonal damage and vision loss caused by ON in NMOSD. Therapies to ameliorate attack-related damage, especially during the first attack, are a clinical need. Mild neuroaxonal changes in ON-unaffected eyes may be solely due to contralateral ON attacks and do not indicate clinically relevant progression, but require further investigation.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Trygve Holmoy, Rune Alexander Hoglund, Zsolt Illes, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Oivind Torkildsen
Summary: For NMOSD patients, monoclonal antibodies that deplete B cells or interfere with interleukin 6 signaling have superior efficacy compared to placebo; Rituximab, tocilizumab, and to some extent eculizumab have well-known safety profiles; Rituximab and azathioprine may be safe during pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Tingjun Chen, Dale B. Bosco, Yanlu Ying, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: NMO is an autoantibody-triggered neuro-inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spinal cord and optic nerve. Studies have shown significant microglial activation in NMO lesions, indicating a potential role for microglia in NMO pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
