Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages E1-E10Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.016
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Innate immune response; IFN
Categories
Funding
- Health and Medical Research Fund [COVID190121, COVID1901123]
- Food and Health Bureau, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- National Program on Key Research Project of China [2020YFA0707500, 2020YFA0707504]
- Consultancy Service for Enhancing Laboratory Surveillance of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Research Capability on Antimicrobial Resistance for Department of Health of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government
- Research Grants Council, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [T11/707/15]
- Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, China [SZSM201911014]
- High Level-Hospital Program, Health Commission of Guangdong Province, China
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Objectives: Respiratory and intestinal tract are two primary target organs of SARS-CoV-2 infection. How-ever, detailed characterization of the host-virus interplay in infected human lung and intestinal epithelial cells is lacking. Methods: We utilized immunofluorescence assays, flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR to delineate the viro-logical features and the innate immune response of the host cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection in two prototype human cell lines representing the human lung (Calu3) and intestinal (Caco2) epithelium when compared with SARS-CoV. Results: Lung epithelial cells were significantly more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced an attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines induction and type I and type II IFN responses. A single dose of 10 U/mL interferon-beta (IFN beta) pretreatment potently protected both Calu3 and Caco2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 was more sensitive to the pretreatment with IFN beta and IFN inducer than SARS-CoV in Calu3. Conclusions: Despite robust infection in both human lung and intestinal epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2 could attenuate the virus-induced pro-inflammatory response and IFN response. Pre-activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway primed a highly efficient antiviral response in the host against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could serve as a potential therapeutic and prophylactic maneuver to COVID-19 patients. (C) 2020 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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