Journal
ISME JOURNAL
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages 2675-2690Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0718-z
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC 1127 ChemBioSys]
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig
- state of Thuringia [2015 FGI 0021]
- EU in the framework of the EFRE program
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Projekt DEAL
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Coexistence of microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizers and anaerobic Fe(III)-reducers in environments with fluctuating redox conditions is a prime example of mutualism, in which both partners benefit from the sustained Fe-pool. Consequently, the Fe-cycling machineries (i.e., metal-reducing or -oxidizing pathways) should be most affected during co-cultivation. However, contrasting growth requirements impeded systematic elucidation of their interactions. To disentangle underlying interaction mechanisms, we established a suboxic co-culture system ofSideroxydanssp. CL21 andShewanella oneidensis. We showed that addition of the partner's cell-free supernatant enhanced both growth and Fe(II)-oxidizing or Fe(III)-reducing activity of each partner. Metabolites of the exometabolome ofSideroxydanssp. CL21 are generally upregulated if stimulated with the partner ' s spent medium, whileS. oneidensisexhibits a mixed metabolic response in accordance with a balanced response to the partner. Surprisingly, RNA-seq analysis revealed genes involved in Fe-cycling were not differentially expressed during co-cultivation. Instead, the most differentially upregulated genes included those encoding for biopolymer production, lipoprotein transport, putrescine biosynthesis, and amino acid degradation suggesting a regulated inter-species biofilm formation. Furthermore, the upregulation of hydrogenases inSideroxydanssp. CL21 points to competition for H(2)as electron donor. Our findings reveal that a complex metabolic and transcriptomic response, but not accelerated formation of Fe-end products, drive interactions of Fe-cycling microorganisms.
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