Efficacy of the green synthesized nickel-oxide nanoparticles against pulse beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus(F.) in black gram (Vigna mungoL.)

Nickel-oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using aqueousRauvolfia serpentineleaf extract were tested againstCallosobruchus maculatus. Synthesis of NiO NPs was confirmed by various physiochemical methods such as UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy etc. The sharp and strong reflections (111, 200, 220, 311 and 222 crystal planes) of the monoclinic phase and cubic NiO NPs were observed. The crystallite sizes varied in Scherrer's and W-H plots from 9.42 (20 ml) to 4.89 nm (15 ml) and 20.0 nm (10 ml) to 10.12nm (15 ml), respectively. The highest strain was observed in 15 ml (93.8 x 10(-4)) and the lowest (37.9 x 10(-4)) in 20ml extract. TheC. maculatuson black gram seeds with 5, 10, 20 and 40ppm NiO NPs showed decreased fecundity and an increased developmental period in a dose-dependent manner. The longevity of the insect did not differ significantly. Seed germination was significantly reduced at 40ppm (79.12%)

Automated summary

NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous Rauvolfia serpentine leaf extract and tested against Callosobruchus maculatus. The nanoparticles showed dose-dependent effects on fecundity and developmental period of the insects, while having no significant impact on their longevity. Additionally, seed germination was significantly reduced at high concentrations of NiO NPs.