Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jack W. Rutter, Linda Dekker, Kimberley A. Owen, Chris P. Barnes
Summary: The human microbiota is associated with many diseases, and microbiome engineering methods aim to modify the composition and function of the microbiota for therapeutic purposes. Clinical studies on engineered microorganisms have shown promising progress in recent years.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff, Marcos Pileggi
Summary: Molecular biology and analytical chemistry techniques have provided insights into the communication system among bacteria and the relationship between dysbiosis and cancer. Probiotic strains can regulate dysbiosis and cancer through various pathways, but their effectiveness still requires further investigation. Omics and analytical chemistry are important for understanding bacterial communication and biofilm formation, as well as the effects of probiotics on chemotherapy. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and metabiotics can be used as complementary therapies to more invasive treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Future research may focus on patient-specific treatments based on environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Quinten R. Ducarmon, Ed J. Kuijper, Bernat Olle
Summary: The article discusses the opportunities and challenges of using Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) to restore gut colonization resistance and control expansion of resistant strains, focusing on commercial fecal microbiota transplantation-like products and defined bacterial consortia.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sandhya Nagarakanti, Robert Orenstein
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a healthcare problem with limited effective treatments and high recurrence rates. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has improved outcomes, but safety and standardization concerns remain. Microbiota-based live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) show promise as alternatives to FMT for CDI treatment. However, further research is needed to determine optimal composition, dosage, and safety of LBPs in clinical practice. Overall, LBPs hold potential as a novel therapy for CDI and should be further investigated for other conditions related to colonic microbiota disruption.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mairead K. Heavey, Deniz Durmusoglu, Nathan Crook, Aaron C. Anselmo
Summary: In this article, the authors discuss the emerging class of therapeutics called live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) which involve genetically engineered microbes. They describe the discovery and delivery strategies of LBPs using omics-based methods and highlight the challenges these therapeutics face in the gut microenvironment. The authors also propose an integrated approach to tailor and optimize LBP efficacy.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Duygu Agagunduz, Feray Gencer Bingol, Elif Celik, Ozge Cemali, Ciler Ozenir, Fatih Ozogul, Raffaele Capasso
Summary: This article discusses the novel roles of probiotics as live biotherapeutic products in gut-brain axis related conditions, as well as the research on effective strains in health and disease. It is of importance to readers interested in probiotics, their health effects and safety, and the gut-brain axis.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ling Wang, Ke-Chun Yu, Yun-qing Hou, Min Guo, Fan Yao, Zhen-Xia Chen
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumor in the digestive system, and the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in its development and treatment. This review discusses the effects of gut microbiome dysbiosis on CRC and explores the mechanisms behind it. The modulation of gut microbiome is a novel strategy for preventing and treating CRC. Probiotics can protect the intestinal barrier, inhibit cancer cell growth, resist oxidative stress, and enhance the host's immune system to antagonize CRC tumorigenesis. Clinical applications of the gut microbiome, such as biomarker screening and prediction, as well as microbe modulation for CRC prevention, treatment enhancement, and reduction of side effects, are also highlighted.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Duygu Agagunduz, Elif Celik, Ozge Cemali, Feray Gencer Bingol, Ciler Ozenir, Fatih Ozogul, Raffaele Capasso
Summary: It is important to distinguish between probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs when researching their role in nutrition and health. The establishment of a new category called live biotherapeutic products (LBP) by the FDA aims to clarify this terminology and reduce confusion. Evidence suggests that the microorganisms in the gut microbiota are associated with psychological conditions, and LBPs may have positive effects on depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia through various mechanisms.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Martina Rebersek
Summary: Colorectal cancer is still common worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a key role in its development. Understanding the composition of bacterial strains influenced by various factors is crucial for screening, early detection, and predicting treatment outcomes. Microbiome modulation is a promising strategy in medicine to improve health outcomes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kunyu Qiu, Aaron C. Anselmo
Summary: LBPs are a new therapeutic modality, with feces-derived microbial consortiums being the main focus, but there are also subsets that use batch culture for individual microbial strains. Delivery formulations like polymer encapsulation are being developed for LBPs, requiring distinct manufacturing processes. A streamlined approach called BCF combines batch culture and formulation processes into a single step, reducing the number of required steps for LBP-film formulation.
ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yali Liu, Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau, Wing Yin Cheng, Jun Yu
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and deadly form of cancer, with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role in its development. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been identified as a risk factor for CRC. Recent data has shown that the gut microbiome is directly involved in DNA damage, inflammation, and drug resistance in CRC, suggesting that modulating the gut microbiome could be a powerful tool in prevention and therapy. This article provides an overview of the relationship between the gut microbiome and CRC, explores the mechanisms of colorectal tumorigenesis, and discusses the potential of bacterial species as clinical biomarkers.
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bruno Pot, Yvan Vandenplas
Summary: Traditional probiotics are increasingly being used in a medical context as drugs, which differs significantly from their traditional use as food or food supplements. The target population, regulatory context, production, administration regime, and clinical study requirements all vary between these two uses. Factors such as dosage, strain, application, time of administration, diet, matrix, and protective measures can all impact the survival and efficacy of live biotherapeutic products in a clinical setting.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ling Wang, Yi-Xuan Tu, Lu Chen, Yuan Zhang, Xue-Ling Pan, Shu-Qiao Yang, Shuai-Jie Zhang, Sheng-Hui Li, Ke-Chun Yu, Shuo Song, Hong-Li Xu, Zhu-Cheng Yin, Jun-Qiu Yue, Qian-Lin Ni, Tang Tang, Jiu-Liang Zhang, Min Guo, Shuai Zhang, Fan Yao, Xin-Jun Liang, Zhen-Xia Chen
Summary: Men have higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than women. This study explains the sexual dimorphism in CRC by examining sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites. The results show that male mice and pseudo-germ mice receiving fecal samples from males have larger tumors and impaired gut barrier function. Changes in gut microbiota composition, including increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased probiotic bacteria, were observed in male mice and pseudo-germ mice. Sex-biased gut metabolites contribute to the sex dimorphism in CRC through glycerophospholipids metabolism pathway. Modulating sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ava M. Vargason, Aaron C. Anselmo
Summary: The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health and treating conditions such as atopic dermatitis and acne. Live biotherapeutic products show promise as a new therapeutic modality, with several topical LBPs already in clinical trials and showing positive outcomes. Challenges still need to be addressed for the full translation of these LBPs into clinical therapeutics, but once overcome, they offer novel therapeutic mechanisms for previously difficult-to-treat conditions.
ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiayu Ye, Lauren A. E. Erland, Sandeep K. Gill, Stephanie L. Bishop, Andrea Verdugo-Meza, Susan J. Murch, Deanna L. Gibson
Summary: This study investigated the effects of two bioengineered LBPs on colon-derived metabolites in colitic mice, demonstrating their anti-inflammatory properties and tissue restoration capabilities. The modified LBPs showed enhanced colonization and persistence in the inflamed intestine, resulting in decreased inflammatory prostaglandins, stress hormones, and bile acid accumulation, while increasing serotonin and antioxidant production.
Article
Cell Biology
Sara Massironi, Federica Facciotti, Federica Cavalcoli, Chiara Amoroso, Emanuele Rausa, Giovanni Centonze, Fulvia Milena Cribiu, Pietro Invernizzi, Massimo Milione
Summary: This preliminary study demonstrates the presence of a significant microbiota in the NEN microenvironment. Further research is needed to investigate the potential etiological or clinical role of microbiota in NEN.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Claudia Burrello, Francesco Strati, Georgia Lattanzi, Angelica Diaz-Basabe, Erika Mileti, Maria Rita Giuffre, Gianluca Lopez, Fulvia Milena Cribiu, Elena Trombetta, Marinos Kallikourdis, Marco Cremonesi, Francesco Conforti, Fiorenzo Botti, Laura Porretti, Maria Rescigno, Maurizio Vecchi, Massimo C. Fantini, Flavio Caprioli, Federica Facciotti
Summary: This study identified IL-10-producing iNKT cells in the intestine, which demonstrate suppressive capabilities towards pathogenic CD4+ T cells and are associated with better clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease patients. The presence of SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota sustained the production of IL-10 by iNKT cells, highlighting the important immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in maintaining immune homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Francesco Strati, Georgia Lattanzi, Chiara Amoroso, Federica Facciotti
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in immune regulation, health, and disease. An imbalance in the gut microbiota can lead to inflammation and the development of various diseases. Current research focuses on understanding the interaction between the host and microbes, and exploring new methods to manipulate the microbiota to restore health and prevent inflammatory conditions.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lisa Perruzza, Francesco Strati, Matteo Raneri, Hai Li, Giorgio Gargari, Tanja Rezzonico-Jost, Martina Palatella, Ivo Kwee, Diego Morone, Frauke Seehusen, Paolo Sonego, Claudio Donati, Pietro Franceschi, Andrew J. Macpherson, Simone Guglielmetti, Victor Greiff, Fabio Grassi
Summary: This study demonstrates that hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by apyrase results in amplification of the SIgA repertoire, influencing the distribution of bacteria and gene expression in the intestinal epithelium in mice. Apyrase-induced SIgA improves intestinal homeostasis, attenuating barrier impairment and susceptibility to infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andrea Farini, Luana Tripodi, Chiara Villa, Francesco Strati, Amanda Facoetti, Guido Baselli, Jacopo Troisi, Annamaria Landolfi, Caterina Lonati, Davide Molinaro, Michelle Wintzinger, Stefano Gatti, Barbara Cassani, Flavio Caprioli, Federica Facciotti, Mattia Quattrocelli, Yvan Torrente
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene. In this study, researchers investigated the role of intestinal bacteria in supporting the muscle immune response in a dystrophic mouse model. They found a correlation between DMD disease features and the abundance of Prevotella bacteria. Manipulating the gut microbial community through germ-free animal models and antibiotic treatment influenced muscle immunity and fibrosis. Intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria improved inflammation, muscle pathology, and function. This study highlights a potential role for the gut microbiota in DMD pathogenesis.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
A. Farini, L. Tripodi, C. Villa, F. Napolitano, F. Strati, D. Molinaro, F. Facciotti, B. Cassani, Y. Torrente
Summary: Muscle repair in dysferlinopathies is defective. The contribution of the immune system to the disease pathology remains to be fully explored. Inhibition of immunoproteasome may produce therapeutic benefit in dysferlinopathy.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Georgia Lattanzi, Francesco Strati, Angelica Diaz-Basabe, Federica Perillo, Chiara Amoroso, Giulia Protti, Maria Rita Giuffre, Luca Iachini, Alberto Baeri, Ludovica Baldari, Elisa Cassinotti, Michele Ghidini, Barbara Galassi, Gianluca Lopez, Daniele Noviello, Laura Porretti, Elena Trombetta, Eleonora Messuti, Luca Mazzarella, Giandomenica Iezzi, Francesco Nicassio, Francesca Granucci, Maurizio Vecchi, Flavio Caprioli, Federica Facciotti
Summary: iNKT cells are a significant portion of effector T-cells in the intestine and have potential for cancer immunotherapy. However, their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial, limiting their therapeutic use. This study found that iNKT cells are enriched in tumor lesions and are induced by the pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum to express IL-17 and GM-CSF. This induces the recruitment of neutrophils with suppressive functions, which can be overcome by activating iNKT cells with α-galactosylceramide. The co-infiltration of iNKT cells and neutrophils correlates with negative clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of iNKT cells in CRC.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Vyshnavy Balendra, Chiara Amoroso, Barbara Galassi, Josephine Esposto, Claudia Bareggi, Jennie Luu, Lucia Scaramella, Michele Ghidini
Summary: High-salt diet and H. pylori infection are important factors contributing to gastric cancer development, with their combined impact increasing the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Mechanisms such as disruption of mucosal barriers and induction of inflammatory responses play a role in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, reducing salt intake and using antibacterial therapy may potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
C. Burrello, F. Strati, A. Diaz-Basabe, G. Lattanzi, G. Lopez, E. Trombetta, F. S. Conforti, F. Botti, M. Vecchi, M. C. Fantini, F. Caprioli, F. Facciotti
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
