Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144836
Keywords
chaetocin; epigenetic reprogramming; DNA methylation; porcine SCNT embryo; autophagy
Funding
- KRIBB Research Initiative Program [KGM4252021]
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), Republic of Korea [2018M3A9H1023142]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2018M3A9H1023142] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Efficient epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for the in vitro development of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The aberrant levels of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is an epigenetic barrier. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chaetocin, an H3K9me3-specific methyltransferase inhibitor, on the epigenetic reprogramming and developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos. The SCNT embryos showed abnormal levels of H3K9me3 at the pronuclear, two-cell, and four-cell stages compared to in vitro fertilized embryos. Moreover, the expression levels of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases (suv39h1andsuv39h2) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1,DNMT3a, andDNMT3b) were higher in SCNT embryos. Treatment with 0.5 nM chaetocin for 24 h after activation significantly increased the developmental competence of SCNT embryos in terms of the cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, hatching rate, cell number, expression of pluripotency-related genes, and cell survival rate. In particular, chaetocin enhanced epigenetic reprogramming by reducing the H3K9me3 and 5-methylcytosine levels and restoring the abnormal expression of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases. Chaetocin induced autophagic activity, leading to a significant reduction in maternal mRNA levels in embryos at the pronuclear and two-cell stages. These findings revealed that chaetocin enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos by regulating epigenetic reprogramming and autophagic activity and so could be used to enhance the production of transgenic pigs for biomedical research.
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