Journal
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Volume 59, Issue 39, Pages 17338-17347Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01318
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Funding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering [18-ZC0607-0007]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21808155]
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The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is an essential reaction step to produce value-added renewable chemicals and fuels. In this study, it is demonstrated that the dispersed state of metal and the acid properties of the support can be tuned directly in the synthesized stage for the Ru/MCM-49 catalysts. The average metal particle size of Ru was found at similar to 2.0 nm, and strong metal-support interaction was observed for the Ru/MCM-49(DP) catalyst. Mesopores presented can enhance the conversion rate for LA to GVL. The presence of a higher amount of Lewis acid sites can promote the ring closure esterification of the intermediate 4-HPA. High catalytic activity with a TOF value of >3000 h(-)(1), as well as excellent reusability, were achieved by Ru/MCM-49(DP). The agglomeration of Ru particles and the coke formation were thought to be responsible for the deactivation of the catalyst.
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