Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I Wohltmann, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, M. Rex
Summary: The winter of 2019/2020 in the Arctic stratosphere had the lowest observed ozone mixing ratios and was characterized by an unusually strong and long-lasting polar vortex. Some aspects of this winter resemble both Antarctic and Arctic conditions, such as the chemical processes and chlorine activation reactions. If the air masses had spent slightly more time below the upper temperature limit for polar stratospheric cloud formation and in sunlight, ozone levels in parts of the vortex could have been reduced to near zero values.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mark Weber, Carlo Arosio, Wuhu Feng, Sandip S. Dhomse, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Andreas Meier, John P. Burrows, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Andreas Richter, Alexei Rozanov
Summary: This study describes the dynamics and chemistry of the Arctic 2019/20 winter/spring season using satellite observations and chemical models, comparing the results with the previous record Arctic winter 2010/11. The findings suggest that the chemical ozone loss in 2019/20 was similar to that of 2010/11, and the Arctic cap temperatures hit a 40-year low in the winter, indicating further cooling in Arctic winters.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jingwen Liu, Sihui Wang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Feng Zhang, Liye Zhu
Summary: This study derives the vertical ozone profile from the troposphere to the stratosphere by combining ozone retrievals from MLS and TES. The combined products have been validated and found to have smaller biases compared to MLS or TES alone.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenning Zhang, Asen Grytsai, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Gennadi Milinevsky, Yulia Andrienko, Valery Shulga, Andrew Klekociuk, Yuriy Rapoport, Wei Han
Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Rossby wave parameters in total ozone over the Arctic from 2000 to 2021. The study focuses on the January-March period when stratospheric trace gases, including ozone, are strongly affected by planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events. The study analyzed ozone data at different latitudes and presented the zonal distribution and variations of total ozone column (TOC) using satellite observations. The study discussed the daily and interannual variations in TOC, amplitudes and phases of spectral wave components, as well as the trends in the amplitudes of the dominant quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1). The study found significant variations in TOC and discussed the processes associated with quasi-circumpolar migration and quasi-stationary oscillation of the wave-1 phase depending on the polar vortex strength in 2020 and 2021.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sergey P. Smyshlyaev, Pavel N. Vargin, Maksim A. Motsakov
Summary: The study found that both dynamic processes and chemical processes play significant roles in the changes of the ozone layer in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 2019-2020. The specific dynamic conditions led to a considerable decrease in ozone levels in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, with reductions up to 100 Dobson Units in the Eastern Hemisphere and over 150 DU in the Western Hemisphere.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yee Jun Tham, Nina Sarnela, Siddharth Iyer, Qinyi Li, Helene Angot, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Lisa J. Beck, Matthew Boyer, Javier Carmona-Garcia, Ana Borrego-Sanchez, Daniel Roca-Sanjuan, Otso Perakyla, Roseline C. Thakur, Xu-Cheng He, Qiaozhi Zha, Dean Howard, Byron Blomquist, Stephen D. Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Kevin Posman, Jacques Hueber, Detlev Helmig, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Heikki Junninen, Markku Kulmala, Anoop S. Mahajan, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Mikko Sipila, Joseph S. Francisco, Julia Schmale, Tuija Jokinen, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: Observations report the presence of HClO3 and HClO4 in the atmosphere, showing their widespread occurrence over the pan-Arctic during spring. These findings provide further insights into atmospheric chlorine cycling in the polar environment. The increase in HClO3 and HClO4 is linked to the increase in bromine levels, indicating the role of bromine chemistry in their formation and suggesting a previously missing atmospheric sink for reactive chlorine.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jinlong Huang, Peter Hitchcock
Summary: Using ERA5 reanalysis data, this study identifies seven easily calculable indices of the strength of the Arctic stratospheric vortex and compares their effects on climatological statistics and meteorological properties of strong and weak vortex events. The study also evaluates different definitions of strong vortex events and presents dynamical benchmarks for assessing their representation in climate models. The results highlight the challenges in defining strong vortex events and emphasize the implications of different choices, providing valuable guidance for future studies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jens-Uwe Grooss, Rolf Mueller
Summary: In the Arctic winter/spring of 2019/2020, due to very stable polar vortex and exceptionally low stratospheric temperatures until early April, significant chemical ozone depletion occurred. Despite a decrease of more than 10% in chlorine and bromine compounds compared to peak values around 2000, unprecedented ozone depletion was caused by meteorological conditions in winter/spring 2019/2020.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. M. Davis, R. Damadeo, D. Flittner, K. H. Rosenlof, M. Park, W. J. Randel, E. G. Hall, D. Huber, D. F. Hurst, A. F. Jordan, S. Kizer, L. F. Millan, H. Selkirk, G. Taha, K. A. Walker, H. Vomel
Summary: The study evaluated the quality of the SAGE III/ISS beta version 5.1 WV retrieval and recommended data quality screening criteria, finding high quality water vapor measurements overall. Low quality profiles were mainly attributed to retrieval instabilities and aerosol/cloud interferences. After screening, SAGE III/ISS WV showed good agreement with independent satellite and balloon-based measurements.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nadia Colombi, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Kevin W. Bowman, Jessica L. Neu, Daniel J. Jacob
Summary: This study proposes a new method to infer spatial variability in surface ozone by combining satellite measurements and chemical reanalyses. Results show that the inferred surface ozone in China and the United States has high spatial correlation with independent surface measurements, with regional biases of less than 4 ppb. The spatial pattern of summertime surface ozone in the broader Asia region can largely be explained by a combination of the Asian monsoon circulation and NOx emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Krzysztof Wargan, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Debra E. Kollonige, Jerald R. Ziemke
Summary: This study used Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) data to analyze the variability of free tropospheric (FT) and lowermost stratosphere (LMS) ozone across different tropical sites. Results showed marked seasonal variability in both FT and LMS ozone trends, with differences among stations. The research also suggested that the decline in tropical LMS ozone reported in recent satellite-based studies may be attributed to a perturbed tropopause rather than chemical depletion.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhe Wang, Jiankai Zhang, Tao Wang, Wuhu Feng, Yihang Hu, Xiran Xu
Summary: The factors influencing the size of the Antarctic ozone hole in November are mainly dynamic processes, with weaker ozone transport related to planetary wave divergence in the stratosphere. Anomalously large ozone holes in November are not always preceded by large holes in late winter, and processes for large and small holes are generally opposite.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mikhail Yu. Kulikov, Alexander A. Krasil'nikov, Mikhail V. Belikovich, Vitaly G. Ryskin, Alexander A. Shvetsov, Natalya K. Skalyga, Lev M. Kukin, Alexander M. Feigin
Summary: Ground-based passive measurements were conducted to extract the spectra of ozone self-radiation and retrieve vertical profiles of ozone concentration in the low stratosphere-mesosphere. High technical accuracy and spectral resolution were achieved in the measurements, leading to the determination of the frequency of this ozone line to be 110,835.909 +/- 0.016 MHz.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jerry R. Ziemke, Natalya A. Kramarova, Stacey M. Frith, Liang-Kang Huang, David P. Haffner, Krzysztof Wargan, Lok N. Lamsal, Gordon J. Labow, Richard D. McPeters, Pawan K. Bhartia
Summary: Satellite measurements from NASA show that the ozone levels in the Northern Hemisphere during spring-summer periods in 2020 and 2021 were lower than normal, likely due to reduced pollution. Similar ozone reductions were also observed in the Southern Hemisphere during austral summer, but not associated with reduced pollution.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Meichen Liu, Dingzhu Hu
Summary: The study focused on the subseasonal relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and stratospheric ozone over the Arctic during each boreal winter month. The research revealed that during December, positive phases of the AO corresponded to positive ozone anomalies at 70-100 hPa, while in January and February, the positive AO years were associated with negative ozone anomalies due to weakened wavenumber-1 waves.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. L. Santee, A. Lambert, G. L. Manney, N. J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, J. L. Neu, M. J. Schwartz, L. F. Millan, F. Werner, W. G. Read, M. Park, R. A. Fuller, B. M. Ward
Summary: The 2019/2020 Australian New Year's wildfires released smoke and burning products into the stratosphere, causing significant changes in the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere. This study compares the evolution of the lower stratosphere in 2020 with historical data and finds that the smoke particles led to a decrease in HCl and an increase in ClO and ClONO2. The observed perturbations are likely due to heterogeneous chlorine activation on widespread smoke particles, but the impact on ozone is minor.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gloria L. Manney, Amy H. Butler, Zachary D. Lawrence, Krzysztof Wargan, Michelle L. Santee
Summary: There are many misunderstandings about what a polar vortex is in mainstream and popular science media. The term most accurately describes the stratospheric polar vortex, but there is no consistent definition for a tropospheric polar vortex. Disturbances in the stratospheric polar vortex greatly influence extreme weather events, but how it affects tropospheric jets is not fully understood. Publications on this topic should provide greater clarity in defining the polar vortex to improve communication with both the scientific community and non-specialist audiences.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Millan, M. L. Santee, A. Lambert, N. J. Livesey, F. Werner, M. J. Schwartz, H. C. Pumphrey, G. L. Manney, Y. Wang, H. Su, L. Wu, W. G. Read, L. Froidevaux
Summary: After the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption on 15 January 2022, anomalous stratospheric values of trace gases were observed, including H2O, SO2, and HCl. The injection of these gases was confirmed by trajectories and radiance simulations. The magnitude and altitude of the H2O injection were unprecedented, with a mass estimate of 146 +/- 5 Tg, which could have long-lasting impacts on climate.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gloria L. Manney, Luis F. Millan, Michelle L. Santee, Krzysztof Wargan, Alyn Lambert, Jessica L. Neu, Frank Werner, Zachary D. Lawrence, Michael J. Schwartz, Nathaniel J. Livesey, William G. Read
Summary: The exceptionally strong and long-lived Arctic stratospheric polar vortex in 2019/2020 resulted in large transport anomalies throughout the fall-winter-spring period. These anomalies were most prominent in the lower to middle stratosphere and were reflected in the concentrations of N2O and CH4. During the midwinter to spring period, the anomalies primarily arose from inhibited mixing between the vortex and non-vortex air.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gerald E. Nedoluha, R. Michael Gomez, Ian Boyd, Helen Neal, Douglas R. Allen, David E. Siskind, Alyn Lambert, Nathaniel J. Livesey
Summary: This study presents ground-based microwave measurements of mesospheric water vapor and compares them with satellite measurements. The results show discrepancies between the ground-based and satellite measurements, indicating uncertainties in determining long-term trends of mesospheric water vapor using ground-based microwave instruments in a post-satellite era.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gerald E. Nedoluha, R. Michael Gomez, Ian Boyd, Helen Neal, Douglas R. Allen, Alyn Lambert, Nathaniel J. Livesey
Summary: The eruption of Hunga Tonga in January 2022 released an unprecedented amount of water vapor into the stratosphere during the satellite era. Measurements from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder revealed the spread of this water vapor plume from its original injection site at 20.5 degrees S to Mauna Loa, Hawaii at 19.5 degrees N. Ground-based Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer instruments detected an increase in water vapor in April. The observed stratospheric water vapor increase from Hunga Tonga is placed in the context of other variations since 2013, which include dynamical variations in the tropical stratosphere and variations in water vapor crossing the tropical tropopause.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gloria L. Manney, Michelle L. Santee, Alyn Lambert, Luis F. Millan, Ken Minschwaner, Frank Werner, Zachary D. Lawrence, William G. Read, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Tao Wang
Summary: This study investigates whether the water vapor injected into the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption has affected the 2022 Antarctic stratospheric vortex. The findings show no clear evidence of the eruption's influence on the vortex or its composition, but substantial impacts are expected in the coming years.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. L. Santee, A. Lambert, L. Froidevaux, G. L. Manney, M. J. Schwartz, L. F. Millan, N. J. Livesey, W. G. Read, F. Werner, R. A. Fuller
Summary: The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai caused significant changes in the stratospheric composition, including enhancements in aerosol loading and water vapor. The eruption resulted in substantial repartitioning of chlorine and nitrogen species, mainly through the saturation of N2O5 hydrolysis. These composition changes were primarily observed in the southern tropics region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Frank Werner, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Luis F. Millan, William G. Read, Michael J. Schwartz, Paul A. Wagner, William H. Daffer, Alyn Lambert, Sasha N. Tolstoff, Michelle L. Santee
Summary: A new algorithm based on artificial neural networks (ANN-NRT) is presented to derive near-real-time data products for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Statistical improvements are observed compared to the old approach, with higher correlation coefficients, lower root-mean-square deviations, and biases. This study confirms the potential of applying machine learning to near-real-time efforts of other mission concepts.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
