Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Johannes Stapf, Andre Ehrlich, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: This study compared two methods for estimating the impact of clouds on radiative forcing, finding that the measurement-based approach results in a smaller shortwave cooling effect and a stronger longwave warming effect compared to the radiative transfer approach.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noh-Hun Seong, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Sungwon Choi, Donghyun Jin, Daeseong Jung, Suyoung Sim, Jongho Woo, Nayeon Kim, Minji Seo, Kyeong-Sang Lee, Kyung-Soo Han
Summary: The rapid warming of the Arctic has led to widespread loss of sea ice. This study found that both surface albedo and skin temperature have significant effects on sea ice radiative forcing (SIRF). The results show that temperature-SIRF is changing more rapidly than albedo-SIRF in the Arctic, indicating that skin temperatures may have a greater impact on sea ice surface changes than albedo.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rudong Zhang, Hailong Wang, Qiang Fu, Philip J. Rasch, Mingxuan Wu, Wieslaw Maslowski
Summary: The Arctic amplification (AA) is still an open question whether sea-ice loss or lapse-rate feedback dominates. Analysis suggests that changes in clear-sky downward longwave radiation contribute the most to the surface warming trend during the cold season, while a reduction in lower-tropospheric inversions plays a unique role in the downward longwave radiation reduction.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Sledd, T. S. L'Ecuyer, J. E. Kay, M. Steele
Summary: As Arctic sea ice retreats, the warming of the upper ocean in response to atmospheric heat fluxes is influenced by the timing of sea ice retreat and the radiative impacts of clouds. Clouds can reflect solar radiation and counteract summer warming, explaining up to 13% more variability in maximum annual sea surface temperatures under modern-day CO2 concentrations. Summer clouds have little direct effect on maximum annual SST under pre-industrial CO2 concentrations, but they become three times more sensitive when CO2 concentrations are four times pre-industrial levels.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Patrick C. Taylor, Emily Monroe
Summary: Interactions between sea ice and clouds play a significant role in influencing the climate. This study examines the differences in cloud properties between ice-free and ice-covered surfaces to isolate the sea ice effect from other factors. The results show that ice-free surfaces have larger cloud fraction and total water concentration compared to ice-covered surfaces, with the differences linked to atmospheric thermodynamic profile differences. The findings suggest that the decline in Arctic sea ice leads to an increase in cloudiness, which has important implications for the radiative flux at the surface.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Youtong Zheng, Yi Ming
Summary: Interpreting behaviors of low-level clouds (LLCs) in a climate model is often challenging, especially over polar oceans where frozen and unfrozen surfaces coexist. To understand this issue, we conducted budget analyses of LLCs using a global atmosphere model and found contrasting LLC regimes between open water and sea ice. LLCs over sea ice are primarily maintained by large-scale condensation, while LLCs over open water are sustained by convection and boundary layer condensation. The direction of horizontal advection has a significant influence on these LLC regimes.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ziqi Ma, Jianbin Huang, Xiangdong Zhang, Yong Luo, Minghu Ding, Jun Wen, Weixin Jin, Chen Qiao, Yifu Yin
Summary: Developing a precise Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) dataset is crucial for monitoring the rapid climate change in the Arctic and improving our understanding of it. This study reconstructed a new monthly gridded Arctic SAT dataset dating back to 1979 using a deep learning method and combining data from multiple sources. This dataset represents a significant improvement in developing observational temperature datasets and has various potential applications.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christopher J. Cardinale, Brian E. J. Rose
Summary: This study quantifies the contribution of changes in tropospheric energy transport and efficiency to Arctic winter surface warming. The efficiency, measured by E-trop, is sensitive to the vertical structure of energy transport and Arctic lower-tropospheric stability. In the RCP8.5 warming scenario, winter-mean energy transport decreases while efficiency increases, resulting in a positive contribution to surface heating.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Zhongxiang Tian, Xi Liang, Jinlun Zhang, Haibo Bi, Fu Zhao, Chunhua Li
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamical and dynamical influences of an intense cyclone in the Arctic Ocean in 2012 on sea ice. The study introduces a new algorithm to remove the cyclone component in atmospheric forcing and conducts two simulations to analyze the sea ice and heat budget with and without the cyclone. The intense cyclone has a strong impact on sea ice, leading to increased sea ice basal melt and surface melt, as well as enhanced sea ice deformation and area loss. Accurate atmospheric data is crucial for sea ice modeling.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fanyi Zhang, Xiaoping Pang, Ruibo Lei, Mengxi Zhai, Xi Zhao, Qiongqiong Cai
Summary: The study analyzed the spatial and temporal changes in Arctic sea ice motion between 1979 and 2019, revealing a significant increase in average drift speed across all seasons, with higher rates in autumn and winter. However, Arctic wind speed only increased significantly in autumn. The study suggests that the higher-than-average drift speeds may be attributed to the enhanced response of ice motion to extreme wind forcing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yinghui Liu
Summary: By quantifying the limitations in cloud detection, this study reveals the significant impact of cloud detection uncertainties on radiation flux in the Arctic region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. Mukherjee, M. Ravichandran
Summary: In this article, the role of ocean advection and atmospheric heat fluxes in the recent decade-long decrease of sea-ice in the Arctic is investigated using a coupled ocean sea-ice model. The study finds that both factors play a significant role in the decadal changes of sea-ice concentration and sea surface temperature in the Arctic. The analysis of different sectors of the Arctic reveals that the Barents, Kara, and Laptev Sea regions experience the most significant decrease in sea-ice concentration and increase in sea surface temperature.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhongfang Liu, Camille Risi, Francis Codron, Zhimin Jian, Zhongwang Wei, Xiaogang He, Christopher J. Poulsen, Yue Wang, Dong Chen, Wentao Ma, Yanyan Cheng, Gabriel J. Bowen
Summary: The last two decades have witnessed significant decline and year-to-year variability in Arctic winter sea ice, particularly in the Barents-Kara Sea region. These changes are believed to be associated with extreme midlatitude weather and climate, and are primarily driven by atmospheric circulation patterns.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qinghua Ding, Axel Schweiger, Ian Baxter
Summary: In recent decades, Arctic climate has undergone significant changes, including pan-Arctic warming and a shift in wind patterns. Previous research suggests that these wind changes can warm the Arctic atmosphere and melt sea ice. However, the complexity of the sea ice response to these wind changes has not been fully considered. In this study, a high-resolution modeling framework is used to examine this idea more rigorously. The results show that the wind changes can effectively capture observed variability in Arctic temperature, sea ice, and radiation balance. Particularly, in the summer of 2020, a similar wind pattern led to the second-lowest sea ice extent since 1979.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Yanxing Li, Liang Chang, Guoping Gao
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between Arctic Oscillation (AO) and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) in the Arctic region using ERA5 reanalysis data. The findings reveal that the positive (negative) AO phase is associated with positive (negative) anomalies in springtime LW CRF and summertime SW CRF over the Arctic Ocean. Additionally, the AO index (AOI) shows a positive correlation with CRF, particularly in specific regions, influencing sea ice change.
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. Wendisch, M. Brueckner, S. Crewell, A. Ehrlich, J. Notholt, C. Luepkes, A. Macke, J. P. Burrows, A. Rinke, J. Quaas, M. Maturilli, V. Schemann, M. D. Shupe, E. F. Akansu, C. Barrientos-Velasco, K. Baerfuss, A-M Blechschmidt, K. Block, I. Bougoudis, H. Bozem, C. Boeckmann, A. Bracher, H. Bresson, L. Bretschneider, M. Buschmann, D. G. Chechin, J. Chylik, S. Dahlke, H. Deneke, K. Dethloff, T. Donth, W. Dorn, R. Dupuy, K. Ebell, U. Egerer, R. Engelmann, O. Eppers, R. Gerdes, R. Gierens, I. V. Gorodetskaya, M. Gottschalk, H. Griesche, V. M. Gryanik, D. Handorf, B. Harm-Altstaedter, J. Hartmann, M. Hartmann, B. Heinold, A. Herber, H. Herrmann, G. Heygster, I. Hoeschel, Z. Hofmann, J. Hoelemann, A. Huenerbein, S. Jafariserajehlou, E. Jaekel, C. Jacobi, M. Janout, F. Jansen, O. Jourdan, Z. Juranyi, H. Kalesse-Los, T. Kanzow, R. Kaethner, L. L. Kliesch, M. Klingebiel, E. M. Knudsen, T. Kovacs, W. Koertke, D. Krampe, J. Kretzschmar, D. Kreyling, B. Kulla, D. Kunkel, A. Lampert, M. Lauer, L. Lelli, A. von Lerber, O. Linke, U. Loehnert, M. Lonardi, S. N. Losa, M. Losch, M. Maahn, M. Mech, L. Mei, S. Mertes, E. Metzner, D. Mewes, J. Michaelis, G. Mioche, M. Moser, K. Nakoudi, R. Neggers, R. Neuber, T. Nomokonova, J. Oelker, I. Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, F. Paetzold, V. Pefanis, C. Pohl, M. van Pinxteren, A. Radovan, M. Rhein, M. Rex, A. Richter, N. Risse, C. Ritter, P. Rostosky, V. V. Rozanov, E. Ruiz Donoso, P. Saavedra Garfias, M. Salzmann, J. Schacht, M. Schaefer, J. Schneider, N. Schnierstein, P. Seifert, S. Seo, H. Siebert, M. A. Soppa, G. Spreen, I. S. Stachlewska, J. Stapf, F. Stratmann, I. Tegen, C. Viceto, C. Voigt, M. Vountas, A. Walbroel, M. Walter, B. Wehner, H. Wex, S. Willmes, M. Zanatta, S. Zeppenfeld
Summary: The (AC)(3) project, established in 2016, collected a wealth of data on the physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean. Short-term changes and long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been identified, such as increased atmospheric moistening, regional storm activities, winter warming in specific regions, and decreasing sea ice thickness and snow depth on sea ice. The project also made advancements in atmospheric-ocean and radiative transfer models, and discovered local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles. Cross-cutting activities are being developed to further synthesize the results and answer key questions.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lorenzo Zampieri, Gabriele Arduini, Marika Holland, Sarah P. E. Keeley, Kristian Mogensen, Matthew D. Shupe, Steffen Tietsche
Summary: This study presents a novel machine learning method to reduce the systematic surface temperature errors in multiple atmospheric reanalyses over sea ice-covered regions of the Arctic under clear-sky conditions. The corrected reanalysis temperature can be utilized to support polar research activities and improve the simulation of the interacting sea ice and ocean system in numerical models.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Heather Guy, Ian M. Brooks, David D. Turner, Christopher J. Cox, Penny M. Rowe, Matthew D. Shupe, Von P. Walden, Ryan R. Neely III
Summary: This study demonstrates that spectrally resolved measurements of downwelling longwave radiation can be used to retrieve the microphysical properties of fogs. In the 12 cases of fog observed in central Greenland, it was found that most of them were mixed-phase fogs, with ice particles having an average effective radius of 24.0 +/- 7.8 μm and liquid droplets having an average effective radius of 14.0 +/- 2.7 μm. The results also support the hypotheses that low aerosol particle concentrations can limit fog liquid water path, fog can increase near-surface aerosol particle concentrations through mixing, and multiple fog events can gradually deplete near-surface aerosol particle concentrations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Kirbus, Sofie Tiedeck, Andrea Camplani, Jan Chylik, Susanne Crewell, Sandro Dahlke, Kerstin Ebell, Irina Gorodetskaya, Hannes Griesche, Doerthe Handorf, Ines Hoeschel, Melanie Lauer, Roel Neggers, Janna Rueckert, Matthew D. Shupe, Gunnar Spreen, Andreas Walbroel, Manfred Wendisch, Annette Rinke
Summary: Distinct events of warm and moist air intrusions from mid-latitudes have significant impacts on the Arctic climate system. A record-breaking warm air intrusion observed during the MOSAiC expedition in mid-April 2020 is analyzed using Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks. The intrusion is characterized by two distinct pathways, Siberian and Atlantic, and it has a strong positive effect on the surface energy balance. Model experiments show that moisture availability has a limited impact on the liquid water path in the central Arctic, while increasing cloud condensation nuclei concentrations enhance cloud water content and deepen the atmospheric boundary layer.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fange Yue, Helene Angot, Byron Blomquist, Julia Schmale, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Ruibo Lei, Matthew D. Shupe, Liyang Zhan, Jian Ren, Hailong Liu, Ivo Beck, Dean Howard, Tuija Jokinen, Tiia Laurila, Lauriane Quelever, Matthew Boyer, Tuukka Petaja, Stephen Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Detlev Helmig, Jacques Hueber, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Kevin Posman, Zhouqing Xie
Summary: Based on observations and modeling, it is found that atmospheric mercury in the Arctic is mainly derived from oceanic evasion, particularly in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). This regional process could be the main cause for the summertime peak in mercury concentrations. With rapid Arctic warming and MIZ expansion, oceanic mercury evasion may become more significant.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Pilz, Michael Lonardi, Ulrike Egerer, Holger Siebert, Andre Ehrlich, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Carl G. Schmitt, Matthew D. Shupe, Birgit Wehner, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: The BELUGA instrument was deployed during the MOSAiC expedition to study the cloudy Arctic atmospheric boundary layer above the sea ice. It collected 66 profile observations, including atmospheric parameters, radiation measurements, aerosol properties, and cloud particle images.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. J. Cox, Michael R. R. Gallagher, Matthew D. D. Shupe, P. Ola G. Persson, Amy Solomon, Christopher W. W. Fairall, Thomas Ayers, Byron Blomquist, Ian M. M. Brooks, Dave Costa, Andrey Grachev, Daniel Gottas, Jennifer K. K. Hutchings, Mark Kutchenreiter, Jesse Leach, Sara M. M. Morris, Victor Morris, Jackson Osborn, Sergio Pezoa, Andreas Preusser, Laura D. D. Riihimaki, Taneil Uttal
Summary: The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition that documented the annual cycle of processes impacting the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Measurements of the sea ice's thermodynamic and dynamic evolution were of central importance. This manuscript provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products acquired during the expedition.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Changwei Liu, Qinghua Yang, Matthew D. Shupe, Yan Ren, Shijie Peng, Bo Han, Dake Chen
Summary: Turbulent intermittency over the Arctic sea-ice surface was investigated using data collected during the Arctic Climate expedition. The study found that the strength of intermittency increases under specific surface wind speed, wind speed gradient, and air temperature gradient conditions. The analysis also revealed that strong low-level jets favor surface turbulent motions with weak intermittency, while strong temperature inversions above the surface layer lead to strong intermittency.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gunilla Svensson, Sonja Murto, Matthew D. Shupe, Felix Pithan, Linus Magnusson, Jonathan J. Day, James D. Doyle, Ian A. Renfrew, Thomas Spengler, Timo Vihma
Summary: During the MOSAiC expedition in the spring period, efforts were made to increase the radiosounding frequency to study warm air intrusions in the Arctic. Two episodes of increased surface temperatures were observed during a targeted observing period. The circulation patterns guided the warm air into the Arctic region through three different transport pathways. The study showed discrepancies between MOSAiC observations and ERA5 reanalysis in representing small-scale processes, highlighting the need for improvement in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Johannes G. M. Barten, Laurens N. Ganzeveld, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Byron W. Blomquist, Helene Angot, Stephen D. Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Ivo Beck, Matthew Boyer, Peter von der Gathen, Detlev Helmig, Dean Howard, Jacques Hueber, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Tuija Jokinen, Tiia Laurila, Kevin M. Posman, Lauriane Quelever, Julia Schmale, Matthew D. Shupe, Maarten C. Krol
Summary: We quantified the impact of O-3 deposition to the Arctic sea ice on the PBL O-3 concentration and budget. The surface resistance on the order of 20,000 s m(-1) was found to be higher than traditionally used values in many atmospheric chemistry and transport models. The SCM accurately represented the yearly cycle but failed to capture observed springtime ozone depletion events.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Radiance Calmer, Gijs de Boer, Jonathan Hamilton, Dale Lawrence, Melinda A. Webster, Nicholas Wright, Matthew D. Shupe, Christopher J. Cox, John J. Cassano
Summary: This study used the HELiX uncrewed aircraft system to analyze the albedo and melt pond fraction of the central Arctic sea ice during the summer of 2020. The results showed that the surface albedo changed from high values to lower values as the season progressed. The study also demonstrated the significance of sample area in near-surface observations of melt pond fraction and its influence on satellite observations.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kameswara S. S. Vinjamuri, Marco Vountas, Luca Lelli, Martin Stengel, Matthew D. D. Shupe, Kerstin Ebell, John P. P. Burrows
Summary: The role of clouds in the Arctic radiation budget is not well understood. Ground-based and airborne measurements provide valuable data to test and improve our understanding. Passive remote sensing measurements from satellite sensors offer high spatial coverage and an evolving time series, having lengths potentially of decades. However, detecting clouds by passive satellite remote sensing sensors is challenging over the Arctic because of the brightness of snow and ice in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions and because of the small brightness temperature contrast to the surface. The Cloud_CCI cloud data products investigated agree reasonably well with those retrieved from ground-based measurements made at the four high-latitude sites.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ulrike Egerer, John J. Cassano, Matthew D. Shupe, Gijs de Boer, Dale Lawrence, Abhiram Doddi, Holger Siebert, Gina Jozef, Radiance Calmer, Jonathan Hamilton, Christian Pilz, Michael Lonardi
Summary: This study analyzes turbulent energy fluxes in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) measurements. A method is presented to derive turbulent heat fluxes from sUAS turbulence measurements, based on the flux gradient method with a parameterization of the turbulent exchange coefficient. Measurements taken during the MOSAiC expedition in the Arctic sea ice during the melt season of 2020 are compared to other measurements to validate the method.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lia Herrmannsdorfer, Malte Muller, Matthew D. Shupe, Philip Rostosky
Summary: By comparing the ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis data with the winter MOSAiC data, deficiencies in the representation of the Arctic surface energy budget and surface temperature in the ERA5 model are identified. The model fails to distinguish between radiatively clear and opaquely cloudy winter states and exhibits biases in surface temperature due to inaccurate representation of sea ice thickness and snow depth.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Felix Pithan, Marylou Athanase, Sandro Dahlke, Antonio Sanchez-Benitez, Matthew D. Shupe, Anne Sledd, Jan Streffing, Gunilla Svensson, Thomas Jung
Summary: Comparing climate model output to observations is crucial for model assessment. By nudging the large-scale atmospheric circulation, climate model output can be compared to local observations for short-term campaigns. Nudging simplifies and accelerates the process of model improvement and extends the range of observations suitable for evaluation.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)