Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhen Fu, Wenzhi Gao, Yuhuai Li, Xinyu Hua, Jiahua Zou, Yong Li
Summary: A three-dimensional numerical model of a hydrogen direct-injection engine was established and verified using experimental data. The study evaluated the influence of injection timing and nozzle diameter on ultra-lean combustion. Results showed that delaying injection timing increased mixture concentration near the spark plug and combustion speed, leading to higher thermal efficiency and shorter combustion duration and ignition lag. Increasing nozzle diameter shortened injection duration and concentrated mixture distribution, with combustion rate being more sensitive to mixture distribution under ultra-lean combustion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Yinan Li, Dongjie Liu, Zezhou Guo, Jiahua Zhang, Qi Zhu
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen direct injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol/hydrogen dual-fuel engines and finds the superior split hydrogen direct injection strategy that can balance dynamics and emission characteristics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiyi Pan, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: This study compared the effects of four different hydrogen injection strategies on the distribution, combustion, and emissions of hydrogen mixtures. The results showed that different hydrogen injection strategies resulted in different types of hydrogen mixture distribution. Adjusting the hydrogen injection strategy can optimize the engine's combustion and emission performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sanguk Lee, Gyeonggon Kim, Choongsik Bae
Summary: This study investigates the efficiency and emission characteristics of a hydrogen direct injection (DI) engine using different mixture formation modes, including homogeneous charge, lean-homogeneous charge, and lean-stratified charge (LSC). The results show that the LSC mode achieves the highest indicated thermal efficiency, but also has high nitrogen oxide emissions. Heat management is crucial for efficient energy extraction from hydrogen.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Srinivasa Krishna Addepalli, Yuanjiang Pei, Yu Zhang, Riccardo Scarcelli
Summary: This article presents a numerical investigation on mixture preparation in a hydrogen direct injection spark ignition engine. The study focuses on the impact of varying mesh configurations on in-cylinder mixture distribution and validates the computational model using optical measurements. The results highlight the importance of aligning the mesh with the flow direction for achieving good agreement between numerical analysis and optical data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Xiaohu Zhou, Long Liu
Summary: This study focused on the ignition process of using ammonia as fuel in high-pressure direct-injection engines, finding that adding 10-50% hydrogen can effectively reduce ignition delay time. Sensitivity analysis of NH3/H-2 mixtures identified key equations and free radicals affecting combustion characteristics, improving understanding of utilizing ammonia as an alternative fuel.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hechun Wang, Binbin Wang, Chuanlei Yang, Deng Hu, Baoyin Duan, Yinyan Wang
Summary: This paper studies the dual injection strategy of a diesel ignition ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel engine through simulation, selecting the optimal combination of dual injection timing to improve combustion and emission performance. The results show that with delayed fuel injection timing, engine power and economy decline, while HC, soot, CO, and N2O emissions increase and NOx emissions decrease. After using ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel, ammonia and hydrogen escape are low, and the emission of HC, soot, and CO is also low. The best injection timing combination is D698/A/H698, which has the best power and economic performance. N2O emissions are low, but NOx emissions are relatively high. The research results can promote the development of ammonia fuel and provide theoretical guidance for its practical application. Evaluation: 9/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kang Pan, James S. Wallace
Summary: The impact of hydrogen post-injection on combustion emission characteristics in a glow plug assisted direct-injection natural gas engine was investigated. The results showed that hydrogen post-injection can reduce methane and soot emissions, increase carbon monoxide emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It was also found that a minimum amount of hydrogen is required to effectively reduce soot emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rafig Babayev, Arne Andersson, Albert Serra Dalmau, Hong G. Im, Bengt Johansson
Summary: Research shows that the non-premixed compression-ignition neat H-2 engine can achieve comparable or higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel, with 5-10% of total useful work contributed by H-2 injections at TDC. Additionally, H-2 fuel-air mixing in the free-jet phase is significantly higher due to hydrogen's gaseous state, low density, high injection velocity, and transient vortices, but the H-2 jet momentum is lower than diesel.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xudong Zhen, Zhi Tian, Yang Wang, Daming Liu, Xiaoyan Li
Summary: Adding hydrogen to a GDI engine can improve performance, but high FKR can reduce power and torque, as well as affect fuel economy and emissions. Adjusting the FKR while adding hydrogen can enhance engine dynamics and reduce CO and CO2 emissions.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rafig Babayev, Arne Andersson, Albert Serra Dalmau, Hong G. Im, Bengt Johansson
Summary: This computational study evaluates the characteristics of H-2 direct-injection compression-ignition non-premixed combustion concept, focusing on hydrogen's unique features and the need to rethink optimization strategies for CI engines when using H-2 as fuel. The research contributes to the future development of DICI H-2 combustion engines by providing detailed characterization of the combustion cycle and highlighting key differences between CI non-premixed H-2 and diesel combustion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Wang, Haiyu Li, Zhaoming Huang, Li Wang, Weiguo Chen
Summary: The combustion and emission characteristics of a hydrogen engine were investigated experimentally, comparing its performance to a gasoline engine. The study also explored the thermal efficiency and emission reduction potential of hydrogen engines in lean combustion modes.
ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zuowen Liu, Zhaolei Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the effects of split injection strategy on in-cylinder mixture distribution, combustion characteristics, and emissions in a high compression ratio engine model under ultralean burn condition. The results show that split injection improves mixture stratification, increases in-cylinder pressure and heat release, shortens combustion duration, reduces exhaust loss, and promotes flame kernel growth and propagation. However, it also leads to higher NOx emissions and lower soot emissions as the second injection fuel mass decreases.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Ping Sun, Ming Li, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study innovatively built an HHO supply system on the basis of the butanol/gasoline compound injection system to solve the combustion deterioration caused by the high latent heat of butanol vaporization. The results showed that HHO can effectively offset the negative impact of butanol and improve the engine's tolerance to butanol direct injection ratio (BDIr). In addition, butanol can improve the surge of NO emission caused by HHO.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ling-zhi Bao, Bai-gang Sun, Qing-he Luo
Summary: This study focuses on achieving near-zero NOx emission with a large power and high thermal efficiency in a 2.0 L turbocharged direct-injection engine. By investigating the effects of variables such as excess air coefficient, start of injection timing, and injection pressure, the researchers were able to optimize the engine parameters and achieve the desired emission levels without the need for posttreatment equipment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Decheng Li, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Mingjia Xu, Yinan Li, Zhen Shang, Zhe Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different water ratios in hydrous ethanol on combustion and emissions of hydrous ethanol-gasoline. The results showed that hydrous ethanol prolongs flame development and propagation duration, decreases Tmax and Pmax, and improves torque and brake thermal efficiency. Increasing water content in gasoline/hydrous ethanol dual fuel also leads to higher HC emissions but lower CO and NOx emissions, as well as smaller particle size.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Xiumin Yu, Yan Huang, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Zhe Li, Yaodong Du, Zhaohui Jin, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li
Summary: This study shows that the cooperation of EGR and EDI can improve the performance of spark ignition engines and reduce emissions. Under lean burn conditions, specific ratios of EGR and EDI can significantly improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine. Ethanol has a higher oxygen content and faster laminar flame speed, while EGR can reduce pumping and throttling losses and enhance the positive effects of ethanol on combustion and emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Longlong Yu, Shuxuan Meng, Decheng Li
Summary: This study aims to improve the performance of pure ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines through dual-injection mode with ethanol port injection plus compressed natural gas direct injection (EPI + CDI). The results show that the cooperation of 5%CDIr + 95%EPI + 150.CA BTDC DIT can form an effective stratified mixture in the cylinder, providing stable and promising performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ping Sun, Jincheng Feng, Song Yang, Chao Wang, Kexin Cui, Wei Dong, Yaodong Du, Xiumin Yu, Jiangdong Zhou
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the particulate number and size distribution in a combined injection spark ignition DME/gasoline engine. The results demonstrate that the addition of DME can effectively reduce particulate numbers, with most particles in the nucleation mode, influenced by ignition timing and DME ratios. Furthermore, operating conditions and DME ratios also affect the accumulation of particles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zezhou Guo, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Tianqi Wang
Summary: With the increasing regulatory requirements for vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, improving engine thermal efficiency and reducing harmful emissions has become urgent. Alcohols, known for their renewability and cleaner emissions, have attracted wide attention. Among them, bio-butanol, which is most similar to gasoline, has been widely studied in spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the high energy consumption during the separation and purification process in the fermentation of bio-butanol results in its high price. ABE and IBE, as intermediates for the preparation of butanol through different fermentation methods, can be directly used in SI engines, significantly reducing the cost. Combined injection is the most suitable injection approach for dual-fuel engines, as it allows flexible control of the dual-fuel injection ratio and parameters. Therefore, this study experimentally compared the combustion and emissions of gasoline/ABE, gasoline/IBE, and gasoline/butanol using gasoline port injection plus alcohol direct injection mode. The results show that gasoline/IBE performs better in terms of power performance and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to gasoline/ABE and gasoline/butanol. Moreover, when the direct injection ratio (DIr) is low, the gaseous emissions of gasoline/ABE are superior, while emissions of gasoline/butanol are superior at high DIr. In addition, the particle number (PN) of gasoline/ABE is the lowest among the three modes, and the particles exhibit a unimodal distribution. Overall, as direct injection fuel in dual-fuel combined injection engines, ABE and IBE have more advantages than butanol in terms of combustion and emissions performance as well as cost.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Zhipeng Hu, Zezhou Guo, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li, Jufang Zhang, Tianyang Gong, Yanwei Li
Summary: Ethanol, a carbon-neutral fuel, is widely used in engines. Combining hydrous ethanol with hydrogen can reduce costs and improve combustion performance, especially under lean-burn conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Yinan Li, Dongjie Liu, Zezhou Guo, Jiahua Zhang, Qi Zhu
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of hydrogen direct injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol/hydrogen dual-fuel engines and finds the superior split hydrogen direct injection strategy that can balance dynamics and emission characteristics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Ming Li, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study found through experimental research that adding HHO and EGR can effectively improve the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline engines, especially under lean-burn conditions. Meanwhile, the optimal combination is an HHO flux of 16L/min and an EGR rate of 6% to 12%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhe Zhao, Xiumin Yu, Yan Huang, Tao Sang, Zezhou Guo, Yaodong Du, Longlong Yu, Decheng Li
Summary: Utilizing a dual-injection mode with ethanol port injection and compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection can enhance the combustion and emission performance of ethanol spark ignition (SI) engines under lean-burn conditions. Increasing the CNG direct injection ratios (CDIr) results in improved engine performance and reduced emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Ming Li, Zhihong Zhang, Zezhou Guo, Tianqi Wang, Decheng Li
Summary: This study compares the performance of two combination modes (GPI + HHO and GDI + HHO) at different HHO flow rates and reveals that the addition of HHO improves the maximum cylinder pressure, torque, combustion stability, and emission characteristics of the engine. The GDI + HHO mode shows better engine performance and lower emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Zhen Shang, Xiumin Yu, Ping Sun, Luquan Ren, Tao Sang, Ming Li, Ziyuan Li
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of lean-burn on the combustion and emission of a ternary-fuel combined supply engine with oxyhydrogen/butanol/gasoline. The results show that oxyhydrogen can improve combustion and thermal transfer, but also increase NO emission. The introduction of lean-burn and larger butanol direct injection ratio can reduce gasoline consumption and NOx emission, but worsen the mixture combustion atmosphere.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.
