Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pierre Sabatier, Christian M. Beusch, Radosveta Gencheva, Qing Cheng, Roman Zubarev, Elias S. J. Arner
Summary: Recent studies have focused on anticancer drugs that target cellular antioxidant systems, such as Auranofin (AF) and novel TXNRD1 inhibitors (TRi-1 and TRi-2). These drugs have shown efficacy in mouse melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma cells, with TRi-1 and TRi-2 being more specific TXNRD1 inhibitors and AF triggering stronger antioxidant responses through Nrf2 activation. Additionally, AF has shown additional effects on various proteins related to glycogen metabolism, cellular differentiation, and inflammatory pathways.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Zilong Song, Chengwu Fan, Jintao Zhao, Lei Wang, Dongzhu Duan, Tong Shen, Xinming Li
Summary: The modulation of numerous signaling pathways is controlled by redox regulation. Maintaining dynamic redox homeostasis is crucial for human health due to the common occurrence of altered redox status in various pathological conditions. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a vital component of the thioredoxin system, plays a crucial role in supporting various physiological functions, but its dysfunction disrupts redox balance and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lukas Zeisel
Summary: Lukas completed his undergraduate studies at LMU Munich, Germany, and conducted additional research internships at the University of California, Berkeley, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals. In his PhD research with Oliver Thorn-Seshold (LMU), he is focusing on developing chemical tools using rational reactivity-based design to visualize, modulate, and exploit cellular oxidoreductase activity in vivo. Besides his academic pursuits, Lukas is passionate about mountaineering, football, basketball, as well as vectorial graphics and Pokemon.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debaprasad Koner, Niharika Nag, Parismita Kalita, Aditya K. Padhi, Timir Tripathi, Nirmalendu Saha
Summary: The presence of thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) in the facultative air-breathing catfish, Clarias magur, was identified for the first time. The TGR enzyme showed both TrxR and GR activities, contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense under oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its relationship to fish TrxRs and distant relation to platyhelminth parasites TGRs. The characterization of C. magur TGR provides insights into its unique adaptation to environmental challenges.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vasco Branco, Lucia Coppo, Michael Aschner, Cristina Carvalho
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of Hg2+ on the activation of NF-kB (p50) and p38, as well as the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in microglial cells. It was found that Hg2+ disrupted the redox systems in microglia, leading to the activation of p38 and transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adequate nutritional status was shown to minimize the toxicity resulting from Hg exposure.
Article
Biology
E. Sandra Chocron, Kennedy Mdaki, Nisi Jiang, Jodie Cropper, Andrew M. Pickering
Summary: In this study, we found that overexpression of TrxR2 enhances metabolic function and improves resistance to metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in mice. This effect is achieved through enhanced mitochondrial function, partly through improvements in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain. These findings demonstrate the important role of TrxR2 and mitochondrial thioredoxin in metabolic regulation.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
ShengWei Huang, Yuting Wang, Caiguo Tang, HuiLing Jia, Lifang Wu
Summary: A highly selenite-resistant strain Providencia rettgeri HF16 was isolated from coalmine soil, which can transform selenite into selenium nanoparticles rapidly, with sulfite reductase-mediated selenite reduction pathway identified. This discovery suggests that P. rettgeri HF16 could be a suitable biocatalyst for selenite bioremediation and efficient synthesis of selenium nanoparticles.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hecheng Wang, Shibo Sun, Yan Ren, Rui Yang, Jianli Guo, Yu Zong, Qiuxian Zhang, Jing Zhao, Wei Zhang, Weiping Xu, Shui Guan, Jianqiang Xu
Summary: Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that poses severe hazards to human health. Selenium has been found to reduce cadmium toxicity, but it is unclear whether this protective effect is related to selenoproteins in nerve cells. This study found that cadmium inhibited the activity of selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and decreased its expression, causing cellular oxidative stress. Selenium supplementation ameliorated cadmium-induced cytotoxicity by increasing cellular TrxR activity and upregulating TrxR1 protein level. This study sheds light on the mechanism of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and the role of TrxR1 in selenium-mitigated cytotoxicity of cadmium in neuroblast cells.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arindam Sinharoy, Piet N. L. Lens
Summary: The study investigated the performance of Aspergillus niger pellets in removing selenite and tellurite from wastewater, demonstrating that brewer's spent grain hydrolysate is a low-cost carbon source suitable for this purpose.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Fata, Radosveta Gencheva, Qing Cheng, Rachel Lullo, Matteo Ardini, Ilaria Silvestri, Federica Gabriele, Rodolfo Ippoliti, Christina A. Bulman, Judy A. Sakanari, David L. Williams, Elias S. J. Arner, Francesco Angelucci
Summary: This study characterized the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) selenoproteins from two filarial nematode parasites, providing insights on drug targets for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis treatment.
Article
Fisheries
H. A. C. R. Hanchapola, D. S. Liyanage, W. K. M. Omeka, Chaehyeon Lim, Gaeun Kim, Taehyug Jeong, Jehee Lee
Summary: This study identified and characterized the EaTXNDC12 gene in red spotted grouper, evaluated its transcriptional responses, and investigated the activity of the recombinant protein. The results showed that EaTXNDC12 plays an important role in cellular redox homeostasis and immune regulation.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Attila Andor, Mahendravarman Mohanraj, Zsuzsanna Anna Pato, Katalin Uri, Beata Biri-Kovacs, Qing Cheng, Elias S. J. Arner
Summary: TXNL1 has dual functions, acting as a supporting factor for TrxR1-driven redox activities in disulfide reduction reactions and functioning as an ATP-independent chaperone.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atsuki Shimizu, Ryuta Tobe, Riku Aono, Masao Inoue, Satoru Hagita, Kaito Kiriyama, Yosuke Toyotake, Takuya Ogawa, Tatsuo Kurihara, Kei Goto, N. Tejo Prakash, Hisaaki Mihara
Summary: The study revealed that the thioredoxin system from Pseudomonas stutzeri specifically reduces selenite in the presence of TrxA (PsTrxA), with Cys33 and Cys36 residues being crucial for selenite reduction via the formation of PsTrxA-SeO intermediate. The results also suggest the importance of TrxA in selenoprotein biosynthesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shayna L. Vicker, Eran N. Maina, Abigail K. Showalter, Nghi Tran, Emma E. Davidson, Morgan R. Bailey, Stephen W. McGarry, Wilson M. Freije, James D. West
Summary: Thioredoxins, key oxidant defense enzymes, show variability in the active site motif in newly sequenced genomes, posing a challenge in determining functional genes. Mutagenesis experiments reveal that thioredoxin is less tolerant of substitutions at conserved tryptophan and proline, highlighting a noteworthy plasticity within this critical enzyme.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhongying Du, Zhesheng He, Jiadong Fan, Yangao Huo, Bo He, Yueran Wang, Qianqian Sun, Wenchao Niu, Wencong Zhao, Lina Zhao, Peng Cao, Kai Cao, Dongfang Xia, Qing Yuan, Xing-Jie Liang, Huaidong Jiang, Yong Gong, Xueyun Gao
Summary: Studies have shown that gold clusters inhibit human thioredoxin reductase, leading to tumor cell apoptosis, and may serve as potential drugs for cancer treatment. This study reveals the structural mechanism of gold inhibiting enzyme activity and provides insights for the design of novel anti-tumor nanodrugs.