Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 658-676Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/etc.4815
Keywords
Perfluoroalkyl substances; Bioaccumulation; Persistent compounds; Lakes; Freshwater fish; Biota monitoring
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Funding
- Regione Lombardia
- Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Eaux du Leman
- Commissione Internazionale per la Protezione delle acque Italo-Svizzere
- Office for Air, Climate and Renewable Energies of the Canton of Ticino on behalf of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
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The study analyzed the concentrations of perfluorocarboxylic and perfluorosulfonic acids in fish from several lakes in the European subalpine area. The results suggest that PFAS contamination in lake fish is generally correlated with the degree of urbanization of the lake catchment, and the possibility of harmonizing monitoring protocols was tested.
Concentrations in fish of perfluorocarboxylic and perfluorosulfonic acids were reported for 7 deep lakes in the European subalpine area: Lakes Geneva, Lugano, Maggiore, Iseo, Como, Garda, and Mergozzo; one shallow lowland lake (Varese); and 2 high-altitude alpine lakes (>2000 m a.s.l). Fillets and, in selected cases, other body fractions (viscera, liver, and residual carcass) from 8 fish species were analyzed. The possibility of harmonizing the monitoring protocols was tested. Results suggest that the sampling season is not critical for PFASs and the total protein content cannot be used for normalization of tissue concentrations because PFASs bind to specific proteins. Moreover, the polar lipid content could be used to reduce the variability of PFAS concentrations in phospholipid rich fractions of fish such as viscera and carcass. The data comparison and analysis show that the PFAS contamination in lake fish is generally correlated with the degree of urbanization of the lake catchment; however, it is sometimes difficult to compare absolute concentrations in lake fish because the lake hydro-morphological characteristics play a substantial role in determining the chemical concentrations of persistent and mobile contaminants.Environ Toxicol Chem2020;00:1-19. (c) 2020 SETAC
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