Review
Environmental Sciences
Ming-Yuan Yu, Yu-Chi Lin, Yan-Lin Zhang
Summary: This article provides an overview of the method to trace fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) using radiocarbon (C-14), and reviews the measurements and calculated concentrations of FFCO2 conducted in the past two decades. It discusses the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of FFCO2 concentrations in different regions, as well as the global distribution. The combination of C-14 measurements and atmospheric transport models enables a better understanding of FFCO2 concentration and its cross-regional transport. Recent progress in inverse methods can further improve emission inventories and provide independent verification for emission control strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Da Huo, Kai Liu, Jianwu Liu, Yingjian Huang, Taochun Sun, Yun Sun, Caomingzhe Si, Jinjie Liu, Xiaoting Huang, Jian Qiu, Haijin Wang, Duo Cui, Biqing Zhu, Zhu Deng, Piyu Ke, Yuli Shan, Olivier Boucher, Gregoire Dannet, Gaoqi Liang, Junhua Zhao, Lei Chen, Qian Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Wenwen Zhou, Zhu Liu
Summary: This study presents Carbon Monitor Cities-China (CMCC), a near-real-time dataset of daily CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and cement production in 48 major high-emission cities in China. The dataset provides emission estimates for five sectors from 2020-01-01 to 2021-12-31, integrating bottom-up inventory construction and daily emission estimates from sectoral activities and models. CMCC provides valuable daily emission estimates that enable low-latency mitigation monitoring for cities in China.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kunpeng Wang, Abdullah Hill Baky, Shariful Islam Bhuiyan, Jamie Kraus, Christopher Campbell, Rollie Stanich, Howard Jemison, David Staack
Summary: This study presents an electrical method using nanosecond pulsed plasma to convert liquid fuels into valuable products at ambient conditions with minimized GHG emissions. By adjusting pulsing energy, the process can achieve selective conversion of liquid fuels while maintaining low energy cost.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruixue Lei, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux
Summary: The study found a strong connection at the continental scale between air quality, fossil fuel consumption, and economic development, but these factors can be decoupled at the national level through favorable policies.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chen Zeng, Lindsay C. Stringer, Tianyu Lv
Summary: This study utilized spatial econometric techniques to analyze global CO2 emission changes and spatial spillover effects from 2000 to 2014, focusing on the spatial influence between developed and developing countries. Results showed heterogeneity and fluctuations in emission levels among different countries, with a convergence in emissions between high-emission countries and developed countries.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abdul Rehman, Hengyun Ma, Muhammad Zubair Chishti, Ilhan Ozturk, Muhammad Irfan, Munir Ahmad
Summary: The research found that in the short run, negative shocks of energy usage significantly enhance economic efficiency, while positive shocks have an adverse impact on economic progress. Similarly, negative shocks of GDP per capita growth and urbanization also contribute to economic growth to a certain extent. In the long run, energy utilization has both negative and positive shocks that impact economic progress, while GDP per capita growth has a consistently positive influence.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tomohiro Oda, Liang Feng, Paul Palmer, David F. Baker, Lesley E. Ott
Summary: Monitoring national and global greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for the Paris Agreement, and top-down approaches using atmospheric data are useful for verifying emission inventories. However, current methods have limitations in quantifying non-fossil fuel CO2 emissions, and improvement in inventories, measurement methods, and transport models is needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jocelyn C. Turnbull, Lucas Gatti Domingues, Nikita Turton
Summary: A study in New Zealand found that traffic emissions dramatically decreased by 75% during the COVID-19 lockdown period, with variations in emission reductions observed across different locations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
W. Li
Summary: Buildings contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA, and accurate estimation of urban building fossil fuel CO2 emissions with fine resolution is crucial for climate change studies. The study proposes a new method to map fossil fuel CO2 emissions at building and hourly scales, revealing spatial patterns influenced by building type, height, and density. Temporally, stable monthly emissions are observed throughout the four seasons, with small peaks in July and December due to cooling electricity use and gas heating consumption. Hourly emissions patterns show a clear relationship between fossil fuel CO2 emissions and daily human activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Economics
L. Vanessa Smith, Nori Tarui, Takashi Yamagata
Summary: This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions over the period from 2020Q1 to 2021Q4. The model predicts a return to pre-crisis levels of consumption and emissions within the two-year horizon, with even greater levels anticipated. Furthermore, the results suggest that emerging economies will experience more robust growth compared to advanced economies, even in the event of another pandemic wave.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jiaxi Cao, Jian Zhang, Ye Chen, Rong Fan, Lei Xu, Entao Wu, Yuan Xue, Junliu Yang, Yiming Chen, Bo Yang, Shuhong Wu
Summary: This study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic evolution of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2019, and used a BP neural network optimized with a genetic algorithm to predict emissions from 2020 to 2030. The results showed that China's emissions exhibited a gradual increasing trend and had a greater distribution on the southeastern coast. The study also predicted the potential carbon sinks generated by carbon-sink forestry projects during the same period. Future carbon-reduction strategies should consider regional development imbalances and the use of forestry projects to balance economic development and environmental conservation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marileny Vasquez, Wilson Lara, Jorge del Valle, Carlos A. Sierra
Summary: To meet emissions reduction commitments, cities worldwide need to understand their historical levels of fossil-fuel emissions and identify areas of concern. This study presents a novel method using tree rings, radiocarbon measurements, and statistical modeling to reconstruct the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil-fuel CO2 concentration in the urban area of Medellin, Colombia. The method successfully identified emission hotspots and temporal trends, suggesting that previous efforts to reduce emissions had limited impact. This method could be valuable for city planners and environmental officials in other urban areas to evaluate past policies and plan interventions to reduce emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuhan Liu, Kaiyun Liu, Kun Wang, Xingcai Chen, Kai Wu
Summary: Understanding fossil-fuel/food production and consumption patterns is crucial for reducing associated methane emissions. This study develops a comprehensive industrial-chain model, CH4-CHINA, to track CH4 emissions in China from production to disposal. The estimated national CH4 emissions in 2020 are 39,288.3 Gg, with 50.4% and 49.6% generated from fossil-fuel and food systems, respectively. The study highlights previously ignored emission sources and provides insights for effective CH4 emission mitigation strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julio B. Chiquetto, Alexandre Ribeiro Leichsenring, Guaciara M. dos Santos
Summary: This study compares a previously published dataset of fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) with socio-economic characteristics to better understand the emission patterns in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The research finds that population density and the transportation sector are important factors driving FFCO2 concentrations, and the centrality of urban activities creates undesirable clustered zones. Both high and low-income residents play significant roles in FFCO2 levels, with higher-income populations producing more carbon pollution in their own residential areas. Understanding the causes of FFCO2 emission patterns can benefit future CO2 monitoring studies conducted in megacities.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. C. Yanez, F. M. Hopkins, X. Xu, J. F. Tavares, A. Welch, C. I. Czimczik
Summary: This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human activity and fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using direct observations of on-road CO2 levels in Los Angeles and analyzing the radiocarbon content of grass samples from throughout California, the researchers found a significant reduction in CO2 emissions during the pandemic, especially in urban areas. However, as restrictions were eased, the emissions rebounded.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kevin R. Gurney, J. Liang, D. O'Keeffe, R. Patarasuk, M. Hutchins, J. Huang, P. Rao, Y. Song
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin Sun, Jianhua Gong, Jieping Zhou, Jiantao Liu, Jianming Liang
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Song, Kevin R. Gurney
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zongwei Zhou, Vatsal Sodha, Jiaxuan Pang, Michael B. Gotway, Jianming Liang
Summary: Transfer learning from natural image to medical image has been established as one of the most practical paradigms in deep learning for medical image analysis. To overcome the limitations of 3D imaging in prominent modalities like CT and MRI, a set of models called Models Genesis have been created to provide better performance in 3D medical imaging applications. The Models Genesis utilize self-supervised learning to automatically learn common anatomical representation, outperforming existing methods in both segmentation and classification tasks.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Dong Wu, Jianhua Gong, Jianming Liang, Jin Sun, Guoyong Zhang
ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kevin R. Gurney, Jianming Liang, Risa Patarasuk, Yang Song, Jianhua Huang, Geoffrey Roest
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2020)
Article
Biophysics
Ang Chen, Jianwei Zhang, Liangkai Zhao, Rachel Diane Rhoades, Dong-Yun Kim, Ning Wu, Jianming Liang, Junseok Chae
Summary: The study presents a system equipped with a machine learning algorithm for continuous monitoring and accurate classification of respiratory behaviors. The sensors measure the local circumference changes at wearing sites to correlate mechanical strain to lung volume, achieving high classification accuracy. This technology facilitates accurate monitoring of respiratory behaviors and tracking the progression of respiratory disorders for timely and objective interventions.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin Robert Gurney, Jianming Liang, Geoffrey Roest, Yang Song, Kimberly Mueller, Thomas Lauvaux
Summary: Many cities in the US self-report greenhouse gas emissions, but in reality, US cities under-report their own emissions by an average of 18.3% due to omitting particular fuels and source types from their inventories and estimating transportation emissions differently.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kai Wu, Kenneth J. Davis, Natasha L. Miles, Scott J. Richardson, Thomas Lauvaux, Daniel P. Sarmiento, Nikolay Balashov, Klaus Keller, Jocelyn Turnbull, Kevin R. Gurney, Jianming Liang, Geoffrey Roest
Summary: This study compares source-partitioned CO2 flux measurements with a high-resolution urban CO2 emissions inventory. The results show that the emissions from the Hestia inventory exceed the eddy-covariance measured emissions in both the cold and warm seasons. The daily cycle and spatial structure of the two methods are closely matched, but a persistent spatial pattern suggests a bias related to residential heating emissions. Additionally, the biological uptake and respiration in the winter contradict common assumptions about the lack of significant biological CO2 exchange in northern cities.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Johan Strandgren, David Krutz, Jonas Wilzewski, Carsten Paproth, Ilse Sebastian, Kevin R. Gurney, Jianming Liang, Anke Roiger, Andre Butz
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Nima Tajbakhsh, Yufei Hu, Junli Cao, Xingjian Yan, Yi Xiao, Yong Lu, Jianming Liang, Demetri Terzopoulos, Xiaowei Ding
2019 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING (ISBI 2019)
(2019)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kevin R. Gurney, Risa Patarasuk, Jianming Liang, Yang Song, Darragh O'Keeffe, Preeti Rao, James R. Whetstone, Riley M. Duren, Annmarie Eldering, Charles Miller
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2019)