Performance of single and hybrid nanoparticles added concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nano-SiO2 (NS), nano-Al2O3 (NA), nano-TiO2 (NT) and nano-Fe2O3 (NF) particles in single, binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations on compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. The residual compressive strength of control and nano-added concretes are also determined at 300, 500, and 800 degrees C elevated temperatures. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses have been conducted to examine the chemical composition and microstructure of concrete samples. The main parameters investigated were the amount and various combinations of NS, NA, NT and NF, producing thirty-one concrete batches, one control and thirty NS, NA, NT and NF added concrete mixes. The total nanoparticle amounts in the concrete mixes of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of cement were studied. A total of 558 concrete specimens with nanoparticles were tested at 28 days to determine compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, and residual compressive strength of concretes at ambient and elevated temperatures. It can be clearly concluded that NS and NA particles are more effective than NT and NF particles in improving the mechanical properties of concrete. The largest increase in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength was obtained for 1.5% of NS and NA hybrid combination as 13.95%, 18.55%, and 21.88%, respectively. Furthermore, the residual compressive strength of single and hybrid nano-added concrete specimens significantly reduced, especially at 800 degrees C. Although the largest decrease in residual compressive strength of 57.65% was recorded for control concrete, the lowest reduction of 41.59% was observed for concrete with 1.5% of NS and NA hybrid combination at 800 degrees C. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.