Review
Pathology
Angela R. Shih, Joseph Misdraji
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is the viral agent of COVID-19, which is a respiratory ailment with potential gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations. Ischemic enterocolitis is the most common consequence in the GI tract, while hepatitis presumed to be due to SARS-CoV-2 suggests rare direct viral infection of the liver. Long COVID may involve lingering symptoms of GI or hepatic injury after pulmonary infection resolution.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Abhishek Bhurwal, Carlos D. Minacapelli, Evan Orosz, Kapil Gupta, Christopher Tait, Ishita Dalal, Clark Zhang, Eric Zhao, Vinod K. Rustgi
Summary: COVID-19 has caused a severe public health crisis, infecting over 111 million people worldwide and leading to more than 2.5 million deaths. The virus primarily affects the respiratory tract but can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical comorbidities and certain medications have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19, but immunosuppressive therapy does not appear to significantly increase mortality risk. The pandemic has brought changes to gastroenterology departments, with a shift towards more necessary endoscopies and the utilization of online consultations and home drug deliveries.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Monika Laszkowska, Adam S. Faye, Judith Kim, Han Truong, Elisabeth R. Silver, Myles Ingram, Benjamin May, Benjamin Ascherman, Logan Bartram, Jason Zucker, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Julian A. Abrams, Benjamin Lebwohl, Daniel E. Freedberg, Chin Hur
Summary: Hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 have a reduced risk of intubation and death, but may have a longer overall disease course driven by duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Piero Boraschi, Luigi Giugliano, Giuseppe Mercogliano, Francescamaria Donati, Stefania Romano, Emanuele Neri
Summary: COVID-19 is a systemic disease with specific tropism for the vascular system, mainly affecting the lungs but can also involve other organs with variable clinical manifestations. The abdominal radiological findings in COVID-19 are nonspecific, but imaging modalities such as ultrasound and computed tomography are helpful for diagnosis and management of patients with abdominal symptoms.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Zulal Ozkurt, Esra Cinar Tanriverdi
Summary: This study reviews the gastrointestinal manifestations and liver damage of COVID-19 infection and investigates the severe COVID-19 infection risk in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease, along with current treatment guidelines. Liver and intestinal involvement are common manifestations, and gastrointestinal involvement is associated with disease severity and hospitalization needs.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dafan Chen, Min Ning, Yun Feng, Jun Liu
Summary: In the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury are common throughout the course of the disease and are associated with severe disease and longer duration.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Rana R. Bitar, Bushra Alattas, Amer Azaz, David Rawat, Mohamad Miqdady
Summary: This retrospective study reviewed the gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury in children with confirmed COVID-19 infection from March 1st to June 1st, 2020. The results showed that some patients displayed gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, and these patients were more likely to have fever, cough, and elevated inflammatory markers.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dina Zakaria Mohamed, Mai El-Sayed Ghoneim, Sally El-Sayed Abu-Risha, Ramy Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mohamed Abdelhalem Farag
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted via the gastrointestinal tract, leading to digestive symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 has been found in patients' stool, suggesting the possibility of transmission through the fecal-oral route. Liver function should be monitored during COVID-19, especially in more severe cases.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayani C. Kariyawasam, Umesh Jayarajah, Rishdha Riza, Visula Abeysuriya, Suranjith L. Seneviratne
Summary: COVID-19 can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system in 11.4-61.1% of individuals, with symptoms ranging from mild anorexia and diarrhea to severe acute abdominal pain. The involvement of the GI tract may be due to direct viral injury and/or an inflammatory immune response, leading to malabsorption, imbalance in intestinal secretions, and activation of the enteric nervous system. Treatment mainly involves supportive and symptomatic care, with surgical or endoscopic treatment required in a minority of cases for acute abdomen and GI bleeding.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesco Pegoraro, Sandra Trapani, Giuseppe Indolfi
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increasing gastrointestinal symptoms in adults and children, and viral RNA can be detected in feces for an extended period, although fecal-oral transmission has not been proven.
CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alison E. Burkett, Sophia B. Sher, Chirag R. Patel, Isam Ildin-Eltoum, Deepti Dhall, Camilla Margaroli, Shajan Peter, Goo Lee, Prachi Bajpai, Paul V. Benson, Upender Manne, Sameer Al Diffalha
Summary: This study provides a detailed description of the clinicopathologic features of intestinal resection specimens in patients with COVID-19 infection. The presence of COVID-19 viral particles is demonstrated, and it is found that COVID-19 infection can cause ischemic gastrointestinal complications, with a predilection for the right colon.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Brit Long, William J. Brady, Rachel E. Bridwell, Mark Ramzy, Tim Montrief, Manpreet Singh, Michael Gottlieb
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with a variety of ECG abnormalities, with sinus tachycardia being the most common, along with atrial fibrillation, QT interval prolongation, and others. These ECG presentations may have implications for patient outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan Xu, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly
Summary: In this study, the authors estimated the risks and one-year burdens of gastrointestinal disorders following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that people with COVID-19 had an increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders, which were correlated with the severity of the disease. These findings highlight the importance of post-covid care in addressing gastrointestinal health and diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Meng Meng Zhang, Lu Ni Chen, Jia Ming Qian
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has become a global pandemic, with gastrointestinal manifestations often reported alongside respiratory symptoms. Different GI manifestations have been studied in patients at different disease stages, highlighting the significance of these symptoms in systemic inflammatory injury.
JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fatima Khatoon, Kartikay Prasad, Vijay Kumar
Summary: COVID-19 infection is associated with a variety of neurological manifestations, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 can act as an opportunistic pathogen of the brain.