Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miriam Pfab, Pavel Kielkowski, Ralph Krafczyk, Wolfram Volkwein, Stephan A. Sieber, Juergen Lassak, Kirsten Jung
Summary: The study identified the kinetics of EpmA catalyzing the post-translational modification of K34 in EF-P, showing that natural (R)-beta-lysylation was more effective than synthetic modifications. This work not only provides new insights into the function of EF-P, but also introduces a new approach for post-translationally modifying proteins using EpmA.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hanna Dotter, Melanie Boll, Matthias Eder, Ann-Christin Eder
Summary: Innovative biotechnological methods facilitate the identification of new drug candidates, with phage, ribosome, and mRNA display enabling high throughput screenings for targeted drug discovery. Chemical modifications, such as introducing unnatural amino acids or cyclization, play a crucial role in enhancing peptides stability and affinity, particularly when using selected display approaches.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Peng, Tandrila Das, Ke Ding, Howard C. C. Hang
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins not only increase proteoform diversity, but also regulate protein localization, stability, activity, and interaction. Genetic code expansion technology allows site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) bearing PTMs or their mimics into proteins, enabling the generation of homogenous proteins with specific modifications. This review summarizes recent developments in UAAs and approaches for site-specific installation and functional studies of PTMs and their mimics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Danim Lim, Wonchul Lee, Jungwoo Hong, Jintaek Gong, Jonghoon Choi, Jaewook Kim, Seolhee Lim, Sung Hyun Yoo, Yunho Lee, Hee-Seung Lee
Summary: We introduce a novel cyclic β-amino acid, trans-(3S,4R)-4-aminotetrahydrothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (ATTC), as a versatile building block for designing peptide foldamers with controlled secondary structures. Our findings reveal that ATTC-containing foldamers can adopt 12-helical conformations similar to their isosteres and offer the possibility of fine-tuning their properties via post-synthetic modifications. In particular, chemoselective conjugation strategies demonstrate that ATTC provides unique post-synthetic modification opportunities, which expand their potential applications across diverse research areas.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Baochuan Wang, Xun Li, Yiwan Wang, Xianxian Mao, Xiaojian Wang
Summary: An azido pyridoxal derivative (PLAA) has been developed as a protein azidolation reagent with selectivity towards N-terminal glycine. It successfully modifies small peptides, natural proteins, and lab-expressed proteins under mild conditions, providing a unique method for post-synthesis site-specific azidolation of a peptide or protein.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marine Morvan, Ivan Miks
Summary: Collagen, the most abundant protein in animal and human bodies, undergoes age-related changes such as increased hydrophobicity, post-translational modifications, and amino acid racemization. This study found that protein hydrolysis under deuterium conditions helps to limit natural racemization, preserving the homochirality of recent collagens. However, natural amino acid racemization was observed in aging collagens, indicating that the percentage of D-amino acids increases with age. The degradation of collagen over time leads to the loss of one-fifth of the sequence information. Post-translational modifications may explain the changes in hydrophobicity in aging collagens.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Kelsey S. Kalous, Sarah L. Wynia-Smith, Brian C. Smith
Summary: Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is associated with longer lifespan and lower susceptibility to aging-related diseases in eukaryotes, while decreased activity is linked to higher disease risk. Oxidative post-translational modifications such as cysteine nitrosation and glutathionylation can inhibit sirtuin deacylase activity, potentially providing a mechanistic link between cellular oxidants and age-related disease development.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eugene Varfolomeev, Domagoj Vucic
Summary: Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase is a critical regulator of inflammation and cell death signaling, and its post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and cleavage, greatly impact its function in signaling pathways.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julia Kraxner, Charlotta Lorenz, Julia Menzel, Iwan Parfentev, Ivan Silbern, Manuela Denz, Henning Urlaub, Blanche Schwappach, Sarah Koester
Summary: The mechanical properties of biological cells are influenced by the cytoskeleton, with phosphorylation serving as a fast mechanism for mechanical modulation. Phosphorylation can soften filaments, and the binding of 14-3-3 protein to phosphorylated filaments further enhances this effect, potentially preserving the softening and altering cell mechanics in the cell.
Article
Cell Biology
Mohd Shariq, Neha Quadir, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Alok Kumar Singh, William R. Bishai, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, Seyed E. Hasnain
Summary: The host utilizes ubiquitin pathway to combat intracellular pathogens, while pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploit this pathway to dampen host innate immune response.
Review
Cell Biology
Li Chen, Anna Kashina
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTM) involve enzyme-mediated covalent addition of functional groups to proteins during or after synthesis, greatly increasing biological complexity and playing a crucial role in biological regulation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji Min Lee, Henrik M. Hammaren, Mikhail M. Savitski, Sung Hee Baek
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on specific amino acids control the stability of target proteins. These PTM-regulated degrons act as signals for protein degradation or stabilization. This review summarizes the current knowledge of PTM-mediated protein stability regulation to enhance the identification of novel drug targets.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Rohan Gupta, Mehar Sahu, Devesh Srivastava, Swati Tiwari, Rashmi K. Ambasta, Pravir Kumar
Summary: Post-translational modifications play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by regulating protein homeostasis and signaling cascades, leading to enhanced neuroprotection and potentially reversing misfolded protein accumulation.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denis V. Petrovskiy, Kirill S. Nikolsky, Vladimir R. Rudnev, Liudmila I. Kulikova, Tatiana V. Butkova, Kristina A. Malsagova, Arthur T. Kopylov, Anna L. Kaysheva
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of post-translational modifications and amino acid substitutions on the 3D structure of proteins and focuses on predicting accurate PTMs in proteins. The study also compares algorithmic solutions with existing structure modeling packages and explores their potential for further development and optimization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Linbin Zhou, Danny Siu-Chun Ng, Jason C. Yam, Li Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Wai Kit Chu
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the functions of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). PTMs on pRb play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and differentiation, and altered PTMs can lead to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the post-translational modulation of pRb could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
