Article
Polymer Science
Kai Xu, Xing Tian, Ying Cao, Yaqi He, Yanzhi Xia, Fengyu Quan
Summary: Calcium alginate fibers and flame-retardant polyamide-66 were used to prepare composite paper, where the addition of FR-PA effectively suppressed the combustion of Ca-Alg by forming a compact carbon layer. The combustion and thermal degradation behavior of the composite paper were analyzed using cone calorimetry and other methods, with the results showing excellent flame retardancy of the composite paper.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lin Weng, Xiaolin Zhang
Summary: This study implemented an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy to recycle textile waste into fireproof fully bio-based composite textile by incorporating marine bio-based calcium alginate fiber. The mixture of alginate fiber and textile waste made the previously flammable cotton fiber and viscose fiber completely flame retardant. This research demonstrated that a straightforward yet economical method could recycle textile waste fibers into fully bio-based, fireproof, and greener products.
Article
Polymer Science
Lin Weng, Xiaolin Zhang
Summary: This study developed an economical and environmentally friendly method to recycle polyester waste fibers and bio-based alginate fibers into a fire-proof composite. The composite showed high flame retardancy and had a strong fire-proof mechanism. It could be used as a potential filler and construction material.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Ye Tao, Bin Wang, Chang Liu, Ping Li, Ying-Jun Xu, Zhi-Ming Jiang, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: The study found that the flame retardancy of cotton/alginate blended knitted fabrics showed improvement in thermal stability, flame-retardant mechanism, mechanical properties, and water absorption. The introduction of alginate fibers enhanced water absorption but reduced mechanical properties.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Eva Magovac, Bojana Voncina, Igor Jordanov, Jaime C. Grunlan, Sandra Bischof
Summary: This article presents a detailed review of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition as a promising approach to reduce the flammability of widely used fibers. It discusses the advantages and technological drawbacks of LbL deposition in flame-retardant finishing and presents various possibilities for improving the laundering durability of LbL-deposited layers.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Xiaolin Zhang, Jin Yang, Lin Weng, Wei Fan, Yanyan Xu
Summary: Petroleum-based polymer fire-resistant fabric is not eco-friendly and heavy, while Ca-alginate fiber has low tensile strength. By adding cellulose nanocrystal and propanol to improve CNC dispersion, pC-Alg fiber with excellent mechanical performance and flame retardancy was fabricated.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Ping Li, Qian-Zhan Wang, Bin Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: In this study, highly flame-retardant fibers were prepared by blending inherently flame-retardant alginate fibers with polyester fibers. The blended fibers showed excellent flame-retardant properties and reduced heat and smoke release during testing, making them suitable for potential applications as filling materials in children's toys, furniture, and clothing.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Ying-Jun Gao, Wen-Jie Jin, Shan-Fei Liu, Xian-Wei Cheng, Jin-Ping Guan, Xu-Hong Yang
Summary: This study compared the combustion process, pyrolysis products, morphology, and chemical structures of fabrics made of cotton and calcium alginate (CA) fibers. The results showed that CA fabric had no after-flame and longer smoldering time compared to cotton fabric. Additionally, the smoke release rate, peak heat release rate, and total heat release were significantly lower for CA fabric, indicating lower fire hazards. The thermal degradation pathway and char residues of CA fabric were different from cotton fabric. CA fabric produced more char residues and formed chrysanthemum-like calcium oxide on the surface, enhancing its flame retardancy.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Weng, Xiaolin Zhang
Summary: By incorporating Na2CO3 into alginate spinning solution, CaCO3 nanoparticles can be generated in situ to greatly improve the mechanical performance of the fiber. This fiber has excellent flame retardancy with reduced heat, smoke, and toxic volatile organic compound emissions during burning.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ying-Jun Xu, Lian-Yi Qu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides that have inherent flame retardancy, making them ideal for eco-friendly flame-retardant materials. The influence of metal ions on the flame retardancy and pyrolysis behaviors of alginates has been studied systematically. Alginates have great potential in applications such as preparing flame-retardant fibers, fabrics, and aerogel composites.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingnan Zhang, Siming Lian, Yifan He, Xinyu Cao, Jiaming Shang, Qingyun Liu, Gang Ye, Kun Zheng, Yongmei Ma
Summary: A new method was proposed to improve the thermal stability of the highly reactive flame retardant CPPOA, resulting in the successful synthesis of intrinsic flame-retardant polyamide 66 (FRPA66) with excellent properties. The FRPA66 showed high flame retardancy and good mechanical properties, demonstrating great potential for various applications.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yanbei Hou, Ming Gao, Ran An, Wei Shian Tey, Boyuan Li, Jiayao Chen, Lihua Zhao, Kun Zhou
Summary: This study addresses the reinforcement and flame retardancy issues of powder bed fusion-printed GF/PA12 composites by synthesizing LDH@GF hybrids. The LDH@GF/PA12 composites exhibit improved mechanical properties and flame retardancy compared to the GF/PA12 composites, providing a new solution for preparing high-strength and flame-retardant PA12 composites.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Chun Yan, Pengwei Yan, Haibing Xu, Dong Liu, Gang Chen, Guangbin Cai, Yingdan Zhu
Summary: The influence of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) on the mechanical properties of GF/PA6 composites was studied, showing no obvious effect on tensile properties but a decrease in flexural and interlaminar shear strength with the addition of 30% HPCTP. The flame retardancy mechanism of GF/PA6/30%HPCTP composites involves releasing incombustible gases in the gas phase and forming char layers in the condensed phase.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Feng-Ming He, Bo-Wen Liu, Li Chen, De-Ming Guo, Xiao-Min Ding, Yan-Fang Xiao, Hai-Bo Zhao, Wen-Da Li, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: Two Schiff-base containing phosphonate oligomers, PSA and POSC, were designed as novel flame retardants for PA 6, achieving improved flame retardancy without sacrificing mechanical properties. The different flame-retardant mechanisms of these two additives were comprehensively studied, leading to the development of efficient flame-retardant polyamide composites with excellent performance.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Min Jiang, Bo-Wen Liu, Feng-Ming He, Qin Zhang, Ao Wang, Hai-Bo Zhao, Li Chen, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: We successfully designed and synthesized high-performance polymers with excellent overall properties by simultaneously modulating their chemical constitution and topological conformation. The incorporation of a sidechain caged structure enhanced chain entanglement, leading to improved mechanical strength and heat resistance. Additionally, the flame retardancy of the polymers was significantly enhanced due to the free radical scavenging effect of the phosphorus-based monomer. This work provides a novel method for fabricating high-performance polymers for various applications.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ping Li, Chang Liu, Qi Jiang, Ye Tao, Yingjun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: This study utilizes ammonium phytate and montmorillonite to fabricate water-based coatings, aiming to enhance the flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). The results reveal that these coatings with the appropriate proportions of ammonium phytate and montmorillonite exhibit a synergistic effect, improving the thermal stability and fire safety of the flame retardant FPUF.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Feng-Qi Zhang, Yuan-Zheng Zhao, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: By synthesizing a liquid 1-vinylimidazole salt containing DOPO (VIDOP), it can be used as a flame-retardant crosslinking agent. The modified resin and composite with added VIDOP showed improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Chang Liu, Ping Li, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: The effects of nickel alginate on the thermal stability, fire safety, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) were investigated. Nickel alginate significantly improved the thermal stability and reduced smoke and toxic volatiles production. It slightly reduced tensile properties but enhanced impact strength.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jia-Hui Lu, Ying-Jun Xu, Li Chen, Jia-Hui Chen, Jie-Hao He, Zhen Li, Shu-Liang Li, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: This work proposes a solution for fabricating intrinsic fire-safety epoxy resins with attractive properties by introducing phosphorus-containing transition metal complexes as multifunctional curing agents. The cured EP thermoset exhibits superb fire safety performance, achieving a V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test and an upgraded LOI value of 36.5% when cured with 15wt% DPPSSZn. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) also show significant decreases of 71.4% and 74.3% respectively.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Bin Wang, Jiang -Long Liu, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: An intumescent coating called DAM was constructed by modifying 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane with amino phosphonates and melamine through neutralization reaction, and then deposited on the fabric surface as a homogeneous coating using the sol-gel technique. DAM exhibited good flame retardancy in both horizontal and vertical flame tests.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chang Liu, Ping Li, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: Iron alginate is an eco-friendly synergist that enhances the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/ammonium polyphosphate composites, while reducing smoke production.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Wei Jia, Wen-Long Mu, Zhu-Bao Shao, Ying-Jun Xu
Summary: In this study, we synthesized a phosphorus-containing cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and achieved flame-retardant epoxy resins by curing with a mixture of triglycidyl isocyanurate. The cured resins exhibited high curing activity, good flame retardancy, thermal stability, and dielectric performance. They also showed degradation under mild alkaline conditions. These findings suggest potential applications of the BCEP-TGIC systems in electronic packaging materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Chang Liu, Ping Li, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: To enhance fire safety, aluminum diethylphosphonate (AlPi) and nickel alginate were incorporated into epoxy resins (EP) in different proportions. The synergistic flame retardant effects of AlPi and nickel alginate on fire safety and mechanical properties of EP were investigated. The addition of 9.5% AlPi and 0.5% nickel alginate resulted in EP/AlPi(9.5)-Nickel Alginate(0.5) achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating with the highest limiting oxygen index value (28.9%) and improved thermal stability and char-forming ability.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuan-Zheng Zhao, Yan Chu, Ying-Jun Xu, Ping Zhu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, a liquid phosphorus-containing 1-vinylimidazole salt (VC) was synthesized and used as a flame-retardant crosslinking agent for vinyl ester resins (VER). The addition of 15% VC significantly improved the flame retardancy of the resin, achieving UL 94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 32.7%. VC15/VER also showed reduced heat release rate, total heat release rate, and total smoke release rate compared to VER. It exhibited good thermal stability and high mechanical performance comparable to VER, making it suitable for various applications such as coatings, composites, and laminates.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ping Li, Xu-Chen Jiang, Wan-Meng Song, Li-Yao Zhang, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: This study developed a novel and eco-friendly flame-retardant system for flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The FPUF-(APP6CMC1)GN1 with uniform coatings achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating and showed improved thermal insulation properties. The addition of CMC and GN enhanced the compactness and stability of the intumescent char layer on the FPUF surface, resulting in reduced peak heat release rate and minimal volatile production during thermal degradation. Furthermore, the flame-retardant FPUFs retained their mechanical properties and exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, with a 99.9% antibacterial rate against E.coli and S.aureus (FPUF-(APP6CMC1)GN1). This research provides an eco-friendlier approach for designing multi-functional FPUFs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lian-Yi Qu, Jiang-Long Liu, Yan-Yan Liu, Gang-Qiang Zhang, Ying-Jun Xu, Ping Zhu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: This study developed a hydrothermal synthesis of catechol formaldehyde resins (CFR) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from catechol, hexamethylenetetramine, and AgNO3, and constructed a coating called Ag/CFR in situ on the surface of cotton, polyester, polyamide, and their blended fabrics. The modified fabrics showed high antimicrobial activity with superior laundering durability, achieving a bacteriostasis and fungistasis rate of 99.99% even after 50 laundering cycles against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. The Ag/CFR coatings had minimal effects on the mechanical properties, air permeability, and feel of the fabric. This work provides an efficient and versatile approach for producing durable coatings for antimicrobial fabrics, which can be widely applied to clothing, bedding, and decorations.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lian-Yi Qu, Lin Zhang, Ping Zhu, Ying-Jun Xu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, silver nanoparticle@catechol formaldehyde resin microspheres (Ag@CFR) were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method and uniformly deposited onto fabric surfaces to produce durable antimicrobial cotton fabrics. The Ag@CFR-coated fabrics exhibited high antimicrobial activities and laundering durability, with a bacteriostatic and fungistatic rate of 99.99% against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans even after 50 laundering cycles. This facile method has the potential for large-scale production and widespread applications in various fields.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ping Li, Xu-Chen Jiang, Wan-Meng Song, Li-Yao Zhang, Ying-Jun Xu, Yun Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: In this study, phosphorylated chitosan (PSPLCS) was prepared and paired with ZnO to form films with excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and antibacterial properties on FPUFs. The FPUF-PSPLCS/Zn3 achieved self-extinguishing behavior and reached the UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 59% decrease in PHRR value and significantly enhanced char residues at 700 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Wang, Chun-Yuan Luo, Ping Zhu, Yun Liu, Ying-Jun Xu
Summary: In this study, a highly efficient flame retardant coating (PCM) was developed using H3PO3 protonated chitosan and montmorillonite for polyester-cotton fabrics. The PCM coating showed good flame retardancy and laundering durability even after 50 washing cycles. Rating: 8
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Min Ding, Li Chen, Ying-Jun Xu, Xiao-Hui Shi, Xi Luo, Xin Song, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, a rigid-flexible integrated strategy was used to fabricate robust epoxy vitrimers (EVs) with superb mechanical properties comparable to conventional epoxy thermosets. The EVs exhibited high strength, ultratoughness, and rapid dynamic exchange of imine bonds. This strategy greatly broadens the application of EVs and provides a solution to the brittleness and flammability issues of conventional epoxy resins.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
