Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kirsten R. R. Panton, James P. P. Fitzpatrick, Carmela F. F. Pestell
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed in Australia due to a lack of trained clinicians and diagnostic services. This project aimed to increase FASD knowledge and diagnostic capacity nationwide through training clinics, diagnostic clinics, and community education sessions. The project led to a significant increase in FASD diagnoses and positive feedback from community education sessions. Participants in the training clinics showed increased knowledge and confidence in FASD diagnosis. This evaluation highlights the benefits of a coordinated approach to FASD prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and training.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela M. Krzyzewska, Peter Lauffer, Adri N. Mul, Liselot van der Laan, Andrew Y. F. Li Yim, Jan Maarten Cobben, Jacek Niklinski, Monika A. Chomczyk, Robert Smigiel, Marcel M. A. M. Mannens, Peter Henneman
Summary: We aimed to identify epigenetic biomarkers for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) by analyzing genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. In a subset of severely affected individuals from our previous FASD cohort, we also investigated gene expression profiles to understand the functional effects of altered DNA methylation. We found six differentially methylated regions associated with changes in gene expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular features of FASD and opens avenues for future research into multi-omics biomarkers for diagnosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Swarna Buddha Nayok, Harsh Pathak, Satish Suhas, Vani H. Thimmashetty, Prakrithi Shivaprakash, Ragibommanahalli M. Madhu Sudhan, Vanteemar S. Sreeraj, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
Summary: This study reported the use of a novel tDCS protocol in a patient with both schizophrenia and OCD, demonstrating clinical utility by reducing symptoms of both disorders.
Review
Neurosciences
Alexandre A. Lussier, Tamara S. Bodnar, Joanne Weinberg
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure can have detrimental effects on immune function and epigenetic patterns, impacting immune system development and long-term health outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in reprogramming immune function and may offer new therapeutic strategies for individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giordano D'Urso, Elena Toscano, Veronica Sanges, Anne Sauvaget, Christine E. Sheffer, Maria Pia Riccio, Roberta Ferrucci, Felice Iasevoli, Alberto Priori, Carmela Bravaccio, Andrea de Bartolomeis
Summary: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the cerebellar lobe shows potential in reducing the severity of symptoms in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this pilot study, 20 sessions of cathodal stimulation resulted in a 25% reduction in global severity of symptoms, with improvements in multiple subscales. The treatment was well-tolerated without serious adverse events.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Maude Champagne, Jeffrey McCrossin, Jacqueline Pei, James N. Reynolds
Summary: Background: Aggression exhibited by children and youth with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) toward family members is a major cause of stress and anxiety for caregivers, but there is a lack of interventions specifically designed for this issue. A scoping review was conducted to summarize the evidence on psychosocial interventions that may help reduce the frequency and severity of aggression in this population. Results: Only five studies met the eligibility criteria out of 1,061 studies screened. None of the interventions specifically targeted aggression and instead focused on broader externalizing behaviors. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for research on how to support families in managing aggression exhibited by children and youth with FASD, as this behavior can have serious consequences and the available studies are limited.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Francesco Sessa, Monica Salerno, Massimiliano Esposito, Nunzio Di Nunno, Giuseppe Li Rosi, Salvatore Roccuzzo, Cristoforo Pomara
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a major cause of preventable birth disorders and developmental delay worldwide. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is closely connected with criminal behavior. This systematic review provides up-to-date information on the relationship between FASD individuals and the criminal justice system and offers suggestions to reduce the public cost impact of FASD.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Katherine Flannigan, Jacqueline Pei, Kaitlyn McLachlan, Kelly Harding, Mansfield Mela, Jocelynn Cook, Dorothy Badry, Audrey McFarlane
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a multifaceted disability with brain- and body-based challenges, high rates of environmental adversity, and distinct sociocultural considerations. Understanding these complexities is crucial for providing support and positive outcomes for individuals with FASD and their families.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rafal Podgorski, Sabina Galiniak, Artur Mazur, Agnieszka Domin
Summary: Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), leading to growth impairment and various developmental, physical, and cognitive disorders in children. This study aimed to investigate the levels of hormones related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in FASD patients. Results showed that fasting proopiomelanocortin (POMC) levels were lower in FASD patients compared to controls. However, cortisol concentrations did not differ. The study suggests that hormonal dysregulation may contribute to the negative effects of FASDs on growth, development, and neurological functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Justine Fraize, Gabrielle Convert, Yann Leprince, Florent Sylvestre-Marconville, Eliot Kerdreux, Guillaume Auzias, Julien Lefevre, Richard Delorme, Monique Elmaleh-Berges, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, David Germanaud
Summary: This study compared individuals with FASD and typical development using brain MRI and found that FASD patients had reduced brain size and smaller cortical parcels. The study also proposed a new method for CC segmentation and found that specific cortical regions were also smaller in FASD patients, providing new neuroanatomical markers for FASD diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
James Chmiel, Anna Gladka, Jerzy Leszek
Summary: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain neuromodulation technique, has shown potential in treating anorexia nervosa (AN). Studies have demonstrated that tDCS stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can improve AN clinical symptoms, alter eating behavior, body weight, food intake, and reduce depression symptoms.
Article
Neurosciences
Changcheng Sun, Zhuoyue Zhao, Longlong Cheng, Rong Tian, Wenchang Zhao, Jingang Du, Ying Zhang, Chunfang Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The results showed that combining anodal tDCS with conventional rehabilitation treatment can enhance the behavioral improvement in children with ASD. Additionally, the changes in evoked EEG signals were observed and found to correlate with the behavioral abilities of the children.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Yiming Chen, Chenglin Wu, Dongbin Lyu, Fan Wang, Qinte Huang, Weichieh Yang, Haijing Huang, Mengke Zhang, Ni Zhou, Zheyi Wei, Shuxiang Shi, Shuqi Kong, Nuoshi Qian, Shentse Chen, Chunbo Li, Yiru Fang, John Davis, Robert Smith, Hua Jin, Wu Hong
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether increasing the duration of each tDCS session would improve the efficacy of tDCS for depression. The results showed that the longer duration group had a greater decrease in anxiety compared to the shorter duration group and the sham group, but there were no significant differences in reducing depression symptoms.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Gerrit Burkhardt, Stephan Goerigk, Esther Dechantsreiter, Lucia Bulubas, Aldo Soldini, Peter Zwanzger, Julia Diemer, Frank Padberg, Alexander Brunnauer, Ulrike Kumpf
Summary: This study assessed the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on driving-related cognitive skills in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The results showed that repeated sessions of tDCS did not negatively affect driving-related cognitive skills in MDD patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Giordano D'Urso, Elena Toscano, Annarita Barone, Mario Palermo, Bernardo Dell'Osso, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Antonio Mantovani, Giovanni Martinotti, Michele Fornaro, Felice Iasevoli, Andrea de Bartolomeis
Summary: Despite multiple available treatments for bipolar depression, many patients do not respond well. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise in treating resistant cases, although further research is needed to determine optimal dosing, timing, and safety considerations.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang-Zhen Kong, Clyde Francks
Summary: The problem of poor reproducibility of scientific findings has been a topic of concern in recent years. A recent multisite collaborative study investigated the reproducibility of brain anatomical left-right asymmetries in regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness. The study found an average reproducibility rate of 63.2%, with larger effects and larger datasets having higher reproducibility.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Andrew Dilernia, Karina Quevedo, Jazmin Camchong, Kelvin Lim, Wei Pan, Lin Zhang
Summary: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are increasingly used to describe functional connectivity (FC) in the brain, providing insights into neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Clustering subjects based on FC can inform diagnoses by revealing shared connectivity features, helping to understand group-level characteristics in patients. Our proposed random covariance clustering model (RCCM) demonstrates competitive performance in clustering subjects and estimating FC networks, showing potential utility in various settings, as seen in the application to a resting-state fMRI data set collected on healthy controls and participants with schizophrenia.
Article
Substance Abuse
Gemma A. Bernes, Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak, Matthew T. Hyland, Miguel T. Villodas, Claire D. Coles, Julie A. Kable, Philip A. May, Wendy O. Kalberg, Elizabeth R. Sowell, Jeffrey R. Wozniak, Kenneth L. Jones, Edward P. Riley, Sarah N. Mattson
Summary: This study aimed to develop a risk score for identifying individuals at risk of prenatal alcohol exposure. Data from two cohorts were analyzed to predict the likelihood of alcohol exposure, with subjects classified into low and high-risk groups. The risk score significantly distinguished between alcohol-exposed and control subjects, and correlated with cognitive outcomes like intelligence quotient and executive function.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Camchong, A. F. Haynos, T. Hendrickson, M. B. Fiecas, C. S. Gilmore, B. A. Mueller, M. G. Kushner, K. O. Lim
Summary: The strength of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within addiction networks, particularly in the domain of incentive salience, during early abstinence can predict the risk of subsequent relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD) individuals.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Victor Kovac, Elsa G. Shapiro, Kyle D. Rudser, Bryon A. Mueller, Julie B. Eisengart, Kathleen A. Delaney, Alia Ahmed, Kelly E. King, Brianna D. Yund, Morton J. Cowan, Julian Raiman, Eva G. Mamak, Paul R. Harmatz, Suma P. Shankar, Nadia Ali, Stephanie R. Cagle, Jeffrey R. Wozniak, Kelvin O. Lim, Paul J. Orchard, Chester B. Whitley, Igor Nestrasil
Summary: In this study, we used a quantitative MRI protocol to compare the brain macrostructure between individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) and healthy controls (HC). We found significant differences in cortical and subcortical gray matter, white matter, corpus callosum, ventricular, and choroid plexus volumes between MPS I participants and HC. The severity of MPS I, age, and cognition had effects on these brain structures. We also observed age-related differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories between MPS I forms and HC.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jessica A. Turner, Vince D. Calhoun, Paul M. Thompson, Neda Jahanshad, Christopher R. K. Ching, Sophia Thomopoulos, Eric Verner, Gregory P. Strauss, Anthony O. Ahmed, Matthew D. Turner, Sunitha Basodi, Judith M. Ford, Daniel H. Mathalon, Adrian Preda, Aysenil Belger, Bryon A. Mueller, Kelvin O. Lim, Theo G. M. van Erp
Summary: The application of the FAIR principles to clinical and neuroimaging data aims to make research products findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. ENIGMA and COINSTAC platforms combine technological approaches with sociological approaches to facilitate the use of machine-actionable data objects. Current efforts focus on improving access, interoperability, and reusability, with future plans to enhance findability and further connections to other resources.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abigail M. Ernst, Blake A. Gimbel, Erik de Water, Judith K. Eckerle, Joshua P. Radke, Michael K. Georgieff, Jeffrey R. Wozniak
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a common condition with cognitive deficits as core features, and choline supplementation shows potential as a neurodevelopmental intervention in those affected by prenatal alcohol. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the literature supporting the use of choline in optimizing brain development and reviews existing human studies on choline supplementation in FASD.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anita J. J. Fuglestad, Neely C. C. Miller, Birgit A. A. Fink, Christopher J. J. Boys, Judith K. K. Eckerle, Michael K. K. Georgieff, Jeffrey R. R. Wozniak
Summary: Choline supplementation is associated with recognition memory performance in children with FASD, as indicated by the neurophysiological correlates of middle latency negative component and positive slow wave.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Blake A. Gimbel, Mary E. Anthony, Abigail M. Ernst, Donovan J. Roediger, Erik de Water, Judith K. Eckerle, Christopher J. Boys, Joshua P. Radke, Bryon A. Mueller, Anita J. Fuglestad, Steven H. Zeisel, Michael K. Georgieff, Jeffrey R. Wozniak
Summary: This long-term follow-up study suggests that early choline supplementation in children with FASD can improve lower-order executive function and white matter microstructure organization, providing preliminary evidence for the potential long-term benefits of choline as a neurodevelopmental intervention in this population.
JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Marlena Duda, Armin Iraji, Judith M. Ford, Kelvin O. Lim, Daniel H. Mathalon, Bryon A. Mueller, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Theo G. M. Van Erp, Vince D. Calhoun
Summary: By using spatially constrained independent component analysis (scICA), this study found that rsfMRI scans of just 2-5 minutes can provide good clinical utility without significant loss of individual functional network connectivity (FNC) information from longer scan lengths.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Donovan J. Roediger, Claire Griffin, Frances Marin, Hannah Verdoorn, Mark Fiecas, Bryon A. Mueller, Kelvin O. Lim, Jazmin Camchong
Summary: This study examined whether microstructural measures in white matter pathways associated with relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD). The findings showed that anisotropy measures in these pathways were generally lower in those who relapsed during the follow-up period and positively associated with the duration of sustained abstinence. However, only the right fornix showed significant results in this sample. This highlights the potential utility of the three-factor model of addiction and the role of white matter alterations in AUD treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Ghazaleh Soleimani, Rayus Kuplicki, Jazmin Camchong, Alexander Opitz, Martin P. Paulus, Kelvin O. Lim, Hamed Ekhtiari
Summary: Many clinical trials use transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) with target electrodes placed over DLPFC, assuming that this stimulates the underlying brain region. However, this study found that in common DLPFC tES montages, the frontopolar area actually received the highest electric fields (EFs). The effectiveness of DLPFC tES protocols may be related to the involvement of the frontopolar area.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soichiro Nakahara, Alie G. Male, Jessica A. Turner, Vince D. Calhoun, Kelvin O. Lim, Bryon A. Mueller, Juan R. Bustillo, Daniel S. O'Leary, James Voyvodic, Aysenil Belger, Adrian Preda, Daniel H. Mathalon, Judith M. Ford, Guia Guffanti, Fabio Macciardi, Steven G. Potkin, Theo G. M. Van Erp
Summary: Individuals with schizophrenia show abnormal brain activation during auditory oddball tasks, which is associated with cognitive performance and genetic contributions. This study compares individuals with schizophrenia to healthy volunteers and identifies novel relationships between regional brain activity, cognitive performance, and genetic loci. The findings highlight the importance of continued data sharing and collaborative efforts in schizophrenia research.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Melissa A. Polusny, Craig A. Marquardt, Michelle Hubbling, Emily Hagel Campbell, Paul A. Arbisi, Nicholas Davenport, Kelvin Lim, Shmuel Lissek, Jonathan Schaefer, Scott R. Sponheim, Ann S. Masten, Siamak Noorbaloochi
Summary: The ARMOR study aims to characterize positive adaptation trajectories among young military recruits during basic combat training and identify processes contributing to individual variations in resilience.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)