Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Changjun Cheng, Renfei Feng, Michel J. R. Hache, Xiaofu Zhang, Yu Zou
Summary: This paper presents a combinatorial and data-driven methodology for the accelerated discovery of multi-principal element alloys. By analyzing X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation data from a composition gradient library, the distribution of structures, elastic moduli, and hardness in the TiZrHfNbTa system were revealed, and a kinetic phase formation criterion was proposed. Additionally, the effectiveness of high-throughput data extrapolation models was evaluated.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tao Liang, Lianghua Xiong, Hongbo Lou, Fujun Lan, Junran Zhang, Ye Liu, Dongsheng Li, Qiaoshi Zeng, Zhidan Zeng
Summary: The mechanical properties of hexagonal silicon (Si-IV) were experimentally studied, revealing that Si-IV has similar elastic modulus and hardness to the common diamond cubic silicon. This similarity enables the integration of Si-IV into conventional Si-based devices and its potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuezhou Zhang, Dave Hollis, Rosie Ross, Tim Snow, Nick J. Terrill, Yongjie Lu, Wen Wang, John Connelly, Gianluca Tozzi, Himadri S. Gupta
Summary: Fibrotic scarring is common in collagenous tissue disorders, and understanding the role of matrix biophysics is crucial for studying the progression of fibrotic scarring. In this study, microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with in situ mechanics and correlative imaging was used to obtain quantitative and position-resolved information on the nanostructure and mechanical properties of the fibrotic matrix. The results provide an opportunity to use synchrotron X-ray nanomechanical imaging as a quantitative tool for investigating structure-function relationships in fibrotic disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seongwook Choi, Eun-Yeong Park, Sinyoung Park, Jong Hyun Kim, Chulhong Kim
Summary: X-ray induced acoustic imaging (XAI) is a emerging biomedical imaging technique that visualizes X-ray absorption contrast at ultrasound resolution with lower ionizing radiation exposure. The first feasible synchrotron XAI (sXAI) shows promising results in obtaining two-dimensional images of various lead targets, and may complement conventional synchrotron applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. J. Huang, M. Sun, J. F. Yang, W. Wen, Z. M. Xie, L. C. Zhang, R. Liu, C. A. Chen, Y. Jiang, X. P. Wang, X. B. Wu, Q. F. Fang
Summary: The study revealed that the tungsten surface layer after helium implantation is composed of compressed, transition, expanded, and matrix zones. The compressed zone became thinner after helium implantation possibly due to the formation of He-complexes, while the expanded zone resulted from helium atoms entering the tungsten lattice. The transition zone is a result of competition between the expanding and compressing effects.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunhui Chen, Samuel J. Clark, David M. Collins, Sebastian Marussi, Simon A. Hunt, Danielle M. Fenech, Thomas Connolley, Robert C. Atwood, Oxana Magdysyuk, Gavin J. Baxter, Martyn A. Jones, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Peter D. Lee
Summary: The study revealed the governing mechanistic behaviour and microstructural evolution during Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (DED-AM) using unique imaging and diffraction techniques, enhancing the understanding of solidification process and stress development in the alloy.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Loic Bertrand, Mathieu Thoury, Pierre Gueriau, Etienne Anheim, Serge Cohen
Summary: The chemical study of materials from natural history and cultural heritage presents challenges due to their complexity and non-reproducibility, but also offers innovative approaches for historical information. Synchrotron methods have been crucial in studying heritage objects, providing speciation information and high-resolution imaging. These developments have paved the way for novel approaches in characterizing ancient and historical materials, with implications for machine learning methods and related fields beyond heritage studies.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumin Im, Hyeonseok Jee, Heongwon Suh, Manabu Kanematsu, Satoshi Morooka, Hongbok Choe, Nishio Yuhei, Akihiko Machida, Jihoon Kim, Seungmin Lim, Sungchul Bae
Summary: In this study, the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of synthetic C-S-H pastes with different Ca/Si ratios under external loading were investigated. It was found that the presence of multiscale pores in the pastes allowed the stress to be transferred from the surface to the particles, resulting in different deformation behavior.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Youhong Peng, Kesong Miao, Wei Sun, Chenglu Liu, Hao Wu, Lin Geng, Guohua Fan
Summary: Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism of metallic materials is crucial for understanding the microstructure-property relationship. Advanced synchrotron radiation facilities have enabled non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions, contributing to significant progress in recent decades. Future innovations in next-generation synchrotron radiation and emerging technologies hold great potential for further advancements in material characterization.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhiguo Zhang, Chuangnan Wang, Billy Koe, Christian M. Schleputz, Sarah Irvine, Jiawei Mi
Summary: High speed synchrotron X-ray imaging and ultrafast tomography were used to study the fragmentation and growth dynamics of dendritic microstructures in an Al-15%Cu alloy under ultrasound. The results showed that efficient dendrite fragmentation occurred due to the acoustic flow, with thermal perturbation remelting plus mechanical fracture and separation being the dominant mechanism, while acoustic flow fatigue impact and phase collision effects played a minor role. Ultrasound application in the early solidification stage for just 10 s led to a significant increase in dendrite fragment number.
Article
Polymer Science
Collin W. Foster, Sreevishnu Oruganti, Francesco Panerai
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the microstructural evolution and porous network development of Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone pyrolysis at high temperatures using in situ high-temperature X-ray computed micro-tomography. The results showed that the microstructure evolution and porous network development were dependent on the heating rate, and the bulk sample volume change, porosity, pore network size, and densification were evaluated using X-ray attenuation. The findings of this study are important for the development of multi-physics models for thermal response.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana Katrina C. Estandarte, Jiecheng Diao, Alice Llewellyn, Anmol Jnawali, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Sohrab R. Daemi, Josh J. Bailey, Silvia Cipiccia, Darren Batey, Xiaowen Shi, Christoph Rau, Dan J. L. Brett, Rhodri Jervis, Ian K. Robinson, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: By conducting a four-dimensional analysis of lithium-ion battery cathode materials, it was discovered that crystal grain splitting plays a crucial role in the charge/discharge dynamics, potentially impacting macroscopic performance loss during real-world battery operation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chen Li, Yuzhou Zhang, Ning Zhu, Heather N. Emady, Lifeng Zhang
Summary: This study successfully captured the dynamic wet granulation process of pharmaceutical powders using synchrotron in-situ imaging technique, and quantitatively described the movement of liquid binders in the powder beds with a new parameter rm. The results showed that the properties of liquid binders and operation parameters significantly impact the dynamic granulation process.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Akio Yoneyama, Daiko Takamatsu, Thet-Thet Lwin, Shigehito Yamada, Tetsuya Takakuwa, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Keiichi Hirano, Satoshi Takeya
Summary: Crystal-based X-ray interferometry (CXI) detects X-ray phase shifts with the highest sensitivity among the X-ray phase-detecting methods. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) using CXI has the highest density resolution and has been widely applied in various fields. Novel imaging methods have also been developed to take advantage of CXI's high sensitivity, such as visualization of the effective atomic number and the three-dimensional temperature. This article reviews the principles, history, and potential applications of PCXI and CXI systems.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tai-Jan Huang, Sridhar Niverty, Arun Sundar, Nikhilesh Chawla
Summary: Meteorite samples that land on earth provide important information about asteroids and meteors in space. This study used 3D x-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to analyze the microstructure, elemental composition, and mechanical properties of the Aba Panu meteorite. The results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the formation history and characteristics of the meteorite.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
WenXia Hu, LiWu Liu, WenWang Wu, Li Xi, JinSong Leng, DaiNing Fang
SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Du, Fan Zhou, Libo Zheng, Wei Hu, Binbin Liao, Li Ma, Jinyang Zheng
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Binbin Liao, Jianwu Zhou, Jinyang Zheng, Ran Tao, Li Xi, Tian Zhao, Ying Li, Daining Fang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Z-pins on the low velocity impact performance of composite laminates. It was found that although Z-pins could not delay delamination initiation, they were able to enhance resistance to penetration, with 0 degrees Z-pinning showing better effectiveness in suppressing delamination damage and internal defects.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Song, Eunkyoung Shim
Summary: Fibrous nonwoven filters are widely used for air filtration, with coarse filters often used to protect high-efficiency filters. This study fabricated a coarse nonwoven filter media with high porosity and found that filtration properties increased with particle loading. X-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) was used to study the structural evolution of coarse filters during the clogging process in a non-invasive manner.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pan Wang, Kaifa Wang, Li Xi, Ruxin Gao, Baolin Wang
Summary: This study presents a method using deep learning to efficiently and accurately predict the performance of thermoelectric generator devices, with experimental data confirming the model's generalization ability and successful device optimization resulting in a 182% increase in output power.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wenxia Hu, Xiaofei Cao, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Zhixin Huang, Zihao Chen, Wenwang Wu, Li Xi, Ying Li, Daining Fang
Summary: Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) is a powerful non-destructive 3D imaging technique used to characterize defects in advanced materials and structures at micro- and nano-scales. This study investigates the internal features and damage evolution of mechanical metamaterials manufactured with projection micro litho stereo exposure (PμLSE) using SR-μCT 3D imaging techniques and in-situ compression experiments. The failure process of periodic architected mechanical metamaterials under compression loading is characterized by curved surface fracture and buckling. A reconstructed geometrical model based on SR-μCT 3D tomography images is proposed to analyze the relationship between the manufactured sample and mechanical behavior, with in-situ experiments and numerical simulation results compared for verification.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Pan Wang, Baolin Wang, Kaifa Wang, Li Xi
Summary: This paper presents an effective medium model for evaluating the effective behaviors of anisotropic TE composites containing multiple inclusions. Specific inclusions are found to greatly boost the TE figure of merit of the composite, and the cooling performance of a thermoelectric cooler module can be enhanced up to 22.79% by inserting voids. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance evaluation of TE composites and offer potential ways to improve the performance of TE devices.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Xiaofei Cao, Zhixin Huang, Chunwang He, Wenwang Wu, Li Xi, Ying Li, Daining Fang
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical behavior of micro Schwarz Primitive triply periodic minimal surfaces (P-TPMS) structures, and quantifies the effect of defects on their compression mechanical performances using various methods. Finite element models were developed to understand the impact of fabrication defects on mechanical behavior, showing that the statistical model was more accurate and efficient. Parametric study was also conducted to gain insight into the role of thickness imperfections on the mechanical performance of the shell.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Wang, K. F. Wang, B. L. Wang, L. Xi, K. Sano, T. Shimada, H. Hirakata, D. N. Fang
Summary: This study aims to stably and accurately measure the interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) of multilayered Bi2Te3 for evaluating the reliability of its thermoelectric devices. By developing a tapered cantilever bending (TCB) experiment, the measurement of IFT for Bi2Te3 was successfully achieved, providing a new method for assessing multilayered materials.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pan Wang, Baolin Wang, Kaifa Wang, Ruxin Gao, Li Xi
Summary: This study proposed an analytical model for optimizing thermoelectric generators by considering temperature-dependent material properties and different leg cross-sections, with a focus on leg geometry optimization which showed that minimizing leg resistance and increasing leg volume can enhance output power and efficiency. Applying the model to a commercial TEG module, significant improvements of up to 43.1% in output power and 9.67% in efficiency were achieved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Binbin Liao, Jianwu Zhou, Shigang Ai, Yuan Lin, Li Xi, Yong Cao, Dengbao Xiao
Summary: The study investigates the impact of laminate thickness on the low velocity impact responses of Z-pinned laminates, demonstrating that Z-pins are effective in preventing delamination, especially when impact energy exceeds a certain threshold. As laminate thickness increases, the delamination suppression is less effective for thin laminates compared to intermediate-thickness laminates, while thick laminates may experience weaker suppression effectiveness due to smaller bridging forces and slight Z-pin pull-out at the same impact energy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Li Xi, Ettore Barbieri, Pan Wang, Wenwang Wu, Himadri Gupta
Summary: This study investigates the impact of metabolic bone diseases on bone structure and mechanical properties by analyzing the link between specific material-level changes and mechanical alterations of bone tissue. Experimental results from a mouse model showed significant changes in nano-scale orientation, mineralization, and microporosity in bone. The study reveals that the incorporation of microscale porosity has the greatest impact on the reduction in elastic modulus, followed by the reduced nanoscale degree of orientation.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Xiaofei Cao, Haoming Yang, Xianben Ren, Wenwang Wu, Li Xi, Ying Li, Daining Fang
Summary: In this study, the impact of defects originated from the P mu SL process on the compressive mechanical properties and deformation modes of micro gyroid cylinder shell structures were examined through experimental tests and numerical simulations. Testing results showed that the fabricated thickness value significantly affected the mechanical properties of the structures. A reconstructed 3D true model based on 2D tomography images was proposed, with simulation results indicating better consistency with experimental results compared to an ideal model.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Wei, Eunkyoung Shim, Yu Song, Behnam Pourdeyhimi
Summary: Functional additives, such as mineral and inorganic particles, play a significant role in polymer processing by modifying the structure bonding and enhancing heat capacity. This study validated the impact of filler additives on the quality and efficiency of loading and embossing processes.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Song, Eunkyoung Shim
Summary: In this study, X-ray μCT imaging was used to analyze the deposition of dust in fibrous filter media, revealing that clogging mainly occurred in the surface region of the filter media, while higher-basis-weight filter media exhibited more deposition in deeper filter depth. Moreover, higher-basis-weight filter media contained a greater volume of large connected particle agglomerates and larger constituent individual particles.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.