Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zhili Zhang, Fengfeng Li, Ji Won Heo, Ji Woo Kim, Min Soo Kim, Qian Xia, Yong Sik Kim
Summary: In this study, modified aminated lignin derivatives (MALDs) with high phenolic hydroxyl group contents were prepared and characterized. The results showed that MALDs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and high adsorption capacity, making them potentially useful in wastewater treatment.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinfen Ou, Songnan Hu, Lu Yao, Yian Chen, Haisong Qi, Fengxia Yue
Summary: This study developed a strategy to produce cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite films using lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as a reinforcing agent. The results showed that LNPs with higher phenolic hydroxyl (Ph-OH) content greatly improved the mechanical properties and UV-blocking ability of the composite films. Similar enhanced properties were also observed when LNPs were added into polyvinyl alcohol.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinfen Ou, Suxiang Li, Weiying Li, Chengguo Liu, Junli Ren, Fengxia Yue
Summary: Phenolation is an efficient method to improve the reactivity of lignin. In this study, cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) and kraft lignin (KL) of Simao pine were phenolated and characterized. The phenolated lignins were used to prepare size-controlled lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), with different sizes and surface charges depending on the degree of phenolation. The study provides new insights into the design, preparation, and application of LNPs.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yanfang Zhu, Yuzhen Zhao, Wenqi Song, Zemin He, Ruijuan Yao, Zijun Deng
Summary: Different metal (Ni, Co and Fe) supported hydrotalcite catalysts were synthesized and used for lignin depolymerization in catalytic pyrolysis reactions. The optimal temperature for maximum bio-oil yield was found to be 500 degrees C with a reaction time of 60 min. The addition of cobalt supported hydrotalcite catalyst (Co/MgAl2O4) significantly increased the bio-oil yield to 47.4 wt%, while other catalysts such as Ni/MgAl2O4 and Fe/MgAl2O4 exhibited yields of 42.1 and 43.2 wt% respectively. The presence of different metals on MgAl2O4 affected the lignin depolymerization during pyrolysis. Co supported MgAl2O4 catalyst effectively broke down the ether bond (C-O-C) in lignin, resulting in higher bio-oil yield and G-type phenolic monomer production. Elemental analysis and GPC of bio-oil confirmed the effective depolymerization of lignin macromolecules into small monomer phenolic compounds with the use of catalysts. Co/MgAl2O4 and Fe/MgAl2O4 demonstrated more efficient breaking of raw lignin into low molecular weight monomers compared to other catalysts, with Fe/MgAl2O4 showing higher Mw and PDI due to repolymerization of monomers promoted during pyrolysis.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Silawan Sangthong, Worasak Phetwarotai, Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar, Benjamas Cheirsilp, Neeranuch Phusunti
Summary: This study comparatively analyzed the potential of palm kernel shell and its isolated lignin for the production of phenol and phenolic compounds via the pyrolysis process. The experimental results showed that the isolated lignin had a higher bio-oil yield and total fraction of phenol and phenolic compounds.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen-luan Xie, Bin Hu, Wen-ming Zhang, Guo-yong Song, Ji Liu, Qiang Lu
Summary: Bimolecular interactions and tautomerization mechanisms play important roles in lignin pyrolysis. This study proposes and confirms the bimolecular tautomerization mechanism induced by concerted and radical interactions. The results reveal the influence of unimolecular and bimolecular tautomerism on product generation in lignin pyrolysis. The findings provide insights into the pyrolysis process and can contribute to the development of efficient lignin conversion technologies.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhili Zhang, Fengfeng Li, Ji Won Heo, Ji Woo Kim, Min Soo Kim, Qian Xia, Yong Sik Kim
Summary: The study prepared modified aminated lignin (MAL) with high content of phenolic hydroxyl and amine groups, and explored the factors influencing the modification conditions. MAL/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) gel microspheres (MCGM) with enhanced methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity were synthesized by a sol-gel process. The adsorption capacity of MCGM for MB removal was significantly high, demonstrating its potential for wastewater treatment applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Hu, Zhen-xi Zhang, Wen-luan Xie, Ji Liu, Yang Li, Wen-ming Zhang, Hao Fu, Qiang Lu
Summary: This paper summarizes the formation mechanism and selective preparation of phenolic compounds via biomass fast pyrolysis. The production of mixed phenolics and individual monophenolics can be achieved through distinct pyrolysis processes, which are influenced by biomass materials, catalysts, and pyrolysis conditions. This review provides a reference for the selective preparation of phenolic compounds.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Elmeri Pieniha Pienihakkinen, Ioannis Stamatopoulos, Poppy Krassa, Ingemar Svensson, Taina Ohra-aho, Christian Lindfors, Anja Oasmaa
Summary: The recycling of waste wood into phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins through fast pyrolysis was demonstrated. The pyrolytic lignin fraction obtained from waste wood was successfully used to replace commercial phenol in the production of low free formaldehyde content resins. The use of H2O/n-butanol mixture as a solvent helped prolong the storage time and maintain acceptable viscosity of the resin. The produced resins showed good gluing performance in dry conditions.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xin Yue, Jinxin Lin, Terhi Suopajarvi, Otto Mankinen, Atte Mikkelson, Rui Liu, Harri Huttunen, Liheng Chen, Chunlin Xu, Ville-Veikko Telkki, Shirong Sun, Henrikki Liimatainen
Summary: This study focuses on the depolymerization of industrial softwood enzyme hydrolysis lignin (SEHL), a by-product of bioethanol production. Acidic or alkaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment can initiate depolymerization and lead to the selective generation of phenolic monomers, with acidic DES showing higher yields compared to alkaline DES. Computational simulations and experimental investigations provided valuable insights into the mechanisms involved in the structural changes of DES-lignin and the enhancement of lignin pyrolysis by DES pretreatments.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mengya Sun, Xiu Wang, Shuzhen Ni, Liang Jiao, Huiyang Bian, Hongqi Dai
Summary: In this study, the pseudocapacitance of lignin was improved by demethylation and cleavage of ether bonds, resulting in enhanced energy storage performance. The DAL@rGO composites prepared using this method exhibited excellent energy storage capacity and rate capacity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Konstantin G. Bogolitsyn, Sergey S. Khviyuzov
Summary: In this study, a new method for assessing the redox properties of lignin in the solid phase was proposed by characterizing lignin samples from different wood species. The results showed that polystyrene can be used as an analytical matrix to study the redox properties of lignin with phenolic hydroxyl groups.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tengfei Li, Yihui Yin, Shubin Wu, Xiongjian Du
Summary: The chemical structure of lignin plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of pyrolysis products. Treatment of softwood kraft lignin with deep eutectic solvents (DES) can improve lignin structure and enhance the selectivity of pyrolysis products. Specifically, choline chloride/ethylene glycol and zinc chloride/ethylene glycol treatment significantly increase the content of H-phenols and C-phenols in lignin pyrolysis products, while CE pretreatment contributes to higher bio-oil yield and lower char content.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Han Zhang, Ming Liu, Yang Yang, Wei Chen, Jinjiao Zhu, Shihong Zhang, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen, Yingquan Chen
Summary: A comprehensive examination of the interaction between holocellulose and lignin during secondary pyrolysis of biomass is crucial for optimizing pyrolysis products. In this study, a self-designed micro-pyrolysis device with a U-tube reactor was used to investigate the interaction between holocellulose and lignin model compounds. The study focused on the content and distribution of liquid/gaseous products to identify potential interaction reaction pathways. The results showed that the interaction between holocellulose and lignin enhanced the formation of furan products while inhibiting the conversion to anhydrous pyranose. The cleavage of methoxy groups on lignin model compounds played a significant role in their interaction with holocellulose. Phenolic hydroxyl groups on holocellulose monomers increased their activity, leading to specific cracking and condensation reactions with lignin model compounds.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqun Ma, Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan, Yuxing Tong, Zhe Xiong, Yuanjing Chen, Jun Xu, Long Jiang, Sheng Su, Song Hu, Yi Wang, Jun Xiang
Summary: Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into biochar, bio-oil, and gas through reactions involving non-volatile stabilised free radicals (SFRs) and volatile radicals during thermal conversion. The interactions between radicals from different biomass components are crucial in determining the outcome of the process. This study investigated the evolution of SFRs during the co-pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin, and analyzed the interactions of radicals based on SFR variations, thermogravimetric behavior, and Raman spectrum measurements. The results showed that these interactions significantly impact char yield, char structure, and the evolution of SFRs during pyrolysis.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)