Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jia-Huan Li, Tsung-Hsien Yu, Kuang C. Lin
Summary: This computational study aims to develop a computer model for predicting and analyzing the experimental screen collection efficiency of wire-mesh filters for microparticles. The study utilizes a simplified 2-D model with the hybrid lattice-Boltzmann Lagrangian method and proposes a new formula for screen collection efficiency. Detailed analysis of particle deposition pattern, transport behavior, and individual forces acting on particles is provided.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Cunteng Wang, Haolun Xu, Ka Chung Chan, Christopher Y. H. Chao, Sau Chung Fu
Summary: The study investigates the particle deposition on patterned surfaces in bend regions of ventilation ducts. The deposition rates of submicron- and micron-particles on patterned bends were calculated for different angles. The results show that the deposition velocity is larger in obtuse angle bends compared to acute angle bends. The patterned bends have a lower pressure drop compared to high-grade filters, achieving similar overall efficiency.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jin Pan, Charbel Harb, Weinan Leng, Linsey C. Marr
Summary: The study found that vacuum bags performed the best in terms of filtration efficiency, while thin acrylic and face shields performed the worst. The fit of the mask is crucial for both inward and outward protection efficiency. A recommendation is made for a three-layer mask for optimal filtration efficiency.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, Brandon F. Law, Donald H. Beezhold, John D. Noti
Summary: The translation discusses the importance of face masks in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and presents experimental results of different types of face coverings. The study found that N95 respirators and cotton masks were more effective at blocking cough aerosols compared to face shields, which had lower efficacy.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kamel A. Elshorbagy, Yasser El Ashry, Amr M. Abdelrazek
Summary: The Eulerian-Lagrangian computational approach and 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are used to simulate the gas and particulate phases in a cyclone separator, with verification conducted through CFD simulations and experimental measurements.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, Donald H. Beezhold, Brandon F. Law, Raymond C. Derk, Justin M. Hettick, Karen Woodfork, William T. Goldsmith, James R. Harris, Matthew G. Duling, Brenda Boutin, Timothy Nurkiewicz, Theresa Boots, Jayme Coyle, John D. Noti
Summary: Universal mask wearing is recommended to control the spread of COVID-19, as masks reduce the expulsion of aerosols and offer some protection. However, different types of masks have varied source control performance, with cloth masks showing lower collection efficiencies for blocking aerosols compared to medical masks and N95 respirators. The study suggests that there is not a strong correlation between filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, fit factor, and source control performance, indicating a need for further understanding of these relationships.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu M. Tseng, Huan J. Keh
Summary: The study analyzed the thermophoretic motion of a cylindrical particle in a gaseous medium with a perpendicular temperature gradient. A closed-form formula for the thermophoretic velocity was obtained, revealing complex effects of heat convection on the mobility of the cylindrical particle. The corrections to the particle mobility can be positive or negative depending on thermal and interfacial parameters.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. S. Veshchunov
Summary: The traditional unipolar charging theory is modified by considering the adsorption-desorption of ions on the particle surface, resulting in the discovery of particle charge saturation in the late stage of the unipolar charging process. For the bipolar charging problem, a modification of the theory in the hydrodynamic regime achieves complete equilibrium in the system with saturated particle charge and zero ion fluxes, especially in cases with low ion pairs concentration in the gas phase.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Architecture
Kas Oosterhuis
Summary: Innovator, writer, educator and practising designer Kas Oosterhuis, who leads ONL [Oosterhuis_ Lenard], provides an overview of his urban inspirations, ranging from architectural school and its focus on linear urbanism and speculative architecture, to the proposed linear city in Saudi Arabia. The integration of computer technology has played a crucial role in ONL's extensive work and their pursuit of 'real-time' architecture and city planning that dynamically interacts with its inhabitants.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yifan Li, Yiran Lu, Ying Wang, Li Liu, Hao Zhou, Borong Lin, Zhiyong Peng, Yufeng Yuan
Summary: Chlorine-containing disinfectants are commonly used in hospitals to prevent COVID-19 infection, and ventilation is important in maintaining clean air. This study assessed the exposure levels and health effects of patients inhaling by-products of these disinfectants, as well as the role of ventilation in reducing airway damage.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jianjian Wei, Lei Wang, Tao Jin, Yuguo Li, Nan Zhang
Summary: To assess the risk of transmission of respiratory infections in indoor environments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to study the exposure to respiratory droplets generated by talking and breathing. Different sizes of droplets were categorized, and it was found that small droplets, especially those smaller than 100 μm, contribute to both short-range and long-range airborne transmission. Inhalation was identified as the dominant route of exposure, and adjusting the orientation from face-to-face to face-to-back significantly reduced exposure to small droplets. This research provides fundamental information for infection control and can benefit epidemiologists, healthcare workers, and the general public.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenzhao Chen, Li Liu, Nan Zhang, Jian Hang, Yuguo Li
Summary: People constantly move their heads during conversation, which affects their conversational partners' level of exposure to respiratory droplets. In this study, the head movement of a human-shaped thermal manikin was simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The results show that head shaking or nodding significantly reduces the level of exposure to respiratory droplets for the conversational partner. Further investigations in more realistic conversational scenarios are needed to understand the variability in people's level of exposure during close contact.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shahrzad Marashian, Sasan Sadrizadeh, Omid Abouali
Summary: This study numerically simulated the airflow and micro-particle dispersion in a 3-D ventilated scaled room, using the Eulerian method to study the flow field and the Lagrangian approach to solve the equations of particle motion. The purpose was to evaluate and compare different discrete random walk methods and continuous random walk methods for predicting particle concentration distribution in indoor environments. The results showed that the isotropic DRW method can effectively predict particle concentration in the indoor environment, and using a modified DRW model is unnecessary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VENTILATION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenzhao Chen, Li Liu, Jian Hang, Yuguo Li
Summary: During the pandemic, short-range inhalation was found to be the main route of respiratory infection, and it was more dominant than large droplet spray. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to analyze short-range exposure, considering detailed facial membranes. The results confirmed the predominance of short-range inhalation route and the critical droplet size for differentiating droplet behaviors.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi Deng, Mengjie Duan, Jianguo Guo, Xiaomin Hu, Shengyu Zhang, Li Liu
Summary: Indoor environment plays a significant role in the microbiome, and the interaction between environmental and human microbiome influences human microbial diversity, leading to immunomodulatory effects and reducing respiratory disease risk. Microbial changes are associated with clinical parameters of respiratory diseases such as susceptibility, progression, and severity. Chronic respiratory diseases like COPD, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and lung cancers are linked to airway microbial dysbiosis.
CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaotian Ding, Yongling Zhao, Yifan Fan, Yuguo Li, Jian Ge
Summary: This study compares eight different air temperature predictive models using the existing weather station network in Guangzhou. The regression kriging combined with multiple linear regression is found to have the best performance, with an average RMSE of 0.92°C and an R2 of 0.959. Furthermore, the quantity and location of current weather stations can be optimized using the proposed model.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Yuguo Li, Pan Cheng, Li Liu, Ao Li, Wei Jia, Nan Zhang
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yihan Wang, Jianjian Wei, Caroline X. Gao, Tao Jin, Li Liu
Summary: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study the airflow dynamics during speech and the deposition of respiratory droplets. The results reveal that the laryngeal jet and specific regions such as the bronchi, larynx, and pharynx-larynx junction are major sites for droplet deposition. The research also suggests that droplets larger than 20 μm may originate from the oral cavity with lower viral loads.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shengyu Zhang, Zhiyu Yan, Yuheng Zhang, Xi Wu, Li Liu, Aiming Yang, Mengjie Duan
Summary: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to establish a state-of-the-art protocol for quantifying the multiroute exposure of medical staff to infectious particles exhaled by patients during real oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) procedures. The study will use an anthropomorphic model to simulate a medical staff member and will assess the dosage of exhaled infectious particles in the airway and facial mucosa of the model with or without a surgical mask. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chunwen Xu, Yijing Ren, Na Li, Li Liu, Xiong Mei, Yanchao Fan
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of several important factors on the performance of personalized ventilation (PV) in controlling airborne disease for closely ranged occupants. Results showed that the mode of PV use, relative distance between occupants, PV airflow volume, and background ventilation were the significant factors affecting the exposed occupant's intake fraction (IF). The best combination of factors was PV of 15 L/s for both infected source and exposed occupant, with a relative distance of 2 m and mixing ventilation, resulting in an IF of 0.0246%. The findings offer guidance for the implementation of PV in indoor environments for airborne infection control.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yong Guo, Zhiyang Dou, Nan Zhang, Xiyue Liu, Boni Su, Yuguo Li, Yinping Zhang, Adelia Bovell-Benjamin
Summary: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in classrooms is crucial for determining effective interventions. A wearable device was developed to detect close contact behaviors of students, and over 250,000 data points were recorded. The study found that lower-grade students had higher close contact rates and the dominant transmission route was long-range airborne transmission, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures.