Synthesis and characterization of new nanocomposite based on sandwich-type polyoxometalate and nanoceramic (Fe2W18Fe4@FeTiO3) as a nanocatalyst for germination of barley seeds

In this manuscript, a new nanocomposite Fe2W18Fe4@FeTiO3 was synthesized on the basis of sandwich-type polyoxometalate (Na9K[(FeW9O34)(2)Fe-4(H2O)(2)]center dot 32H(2)O, abbreviated as Fe2W18Fe4) and nanoceramic FeTiO3. The results of FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX analysis method indicated the successful composition of the materials. The XRD studies showed that the average crystallite size of the composite particles was estimated to be about 42 nm, which confirmed by the results of SEM. The influence of the new nanocomposite Fe2W18Fe4@FeTiO3 in the germination of barley seeds was investigated. In order to compare, several polyoxometalates with different concentrations were used to obtain their effects on growth factors of barley seeds. From the obtained results, it was found that by applying new nanocomposite Fe2W18Fe4@FeTiO3 with 10 mu M and 100 mu M concentrations achieved the most preferred results.