Article
Pediatrics
Brenda Poindexter
Summary: Probiotic products in the US and Canada are increasingly used in preterm infants, despite lacking FDA approval and sufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. The use of dietary supplement-grade probiotics raises concerns due to potential contamination and lack of regulation. As such, universal administration of probiotics to preterm infants is not recommended based on current evidence.
Article
Pediatrics
Thomas H. Dierikx, Nancy Deianova, Jip Groen, Daniel C. Vijlbrief, Christian Hulzebos, Willem P. de Boode, Esther J. d'Haens, Veerle Cossey, Boris W. Kramer, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Wouter J. de Jonge, Marc A. Benninga, Chris H. van den Akker, Anton H. van Kaam, Nanne K. H. de Boer, Douwe H. Visser, Hendrik J. Niemarkt, Tim G. J. de Meij
Summary: This study explores the frequency and duration of early empiric antibiotic exposure (EEAE) in preterm infants and its association with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). The study finds that nearly 90% of preterm infants are exposed to EEAE within the first 72 hours of life under suspicion of early-onset sepsis, and the duration of antibiotic use is associated with the incidence of NEC and LOS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Claire L. Granger, Nicholas D. Embleton, Jeremy M. Palmer, Christopher A. Lamb, Janet E. Berrington, Christopher J. Stewart
Summary: Breastmilk offers numerous nutritional and immunological benefits for newborn infants, influencing the gut microbiome and leading to reduced risks of necrotising enterocolitis and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. These long-term benefits present potential areas for research and novel therapies in high-risk infants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murat Cetinbas, Julie Thai, Evgenia Filatava, Katherine E. Gregory, Ruslan I. Sadreyev
Summary: The use of antibiotics has a lasting impact on the acquisition of the microbiome in preterm infants, affecting the content, diversity, and temporal stability. Dysbiosis and fluctuations in the microbiome persist even after antibiotic exposure, with a few common bacteria dominating the microbiome diversity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Hui, Birgitte Smith, Martin Steen Mortensen, Lukasz Krych, Soren J. Sorensen, Gorm Greisen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
Summary: The study found that probiotic supplementation in preterm neonates affected gut colonization by certain bacteria, but did not change the overall longitudinal bacterial progression during the neonatal period.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ching-Min Chang, Ming-Horng Tsai, Wei-Chao Liao, Peng-Hong Yang, Shiao-Wen Li, Shih-Ming Chu, Hsuan-Rong Huang, Ming-Chou Chiang, Jen-Fu Hsu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota of extremely preterm infants. The results showed that probiotics increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced the duration of total parenteral nutrition. The probiotic group also had a lower rate of late-onset sepsis.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alain Cuna, Michael J. Morowitz, Ishfaq Ahmed, Shahid Umar, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: Advances in metagenomics have enabled detailed study of the gut microbiome and its impact on human health. Preterm infants have a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is linked to life-threatening diseases. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants may impact future health risks such as asthma, allergies, and obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jogender Kumar, Jitendra Meena, Ankit Ranjan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This systematic review examined the effect of oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk on preterm infants, and found that it can reduce the risk of infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, and has benefits in early feeding.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isadora Beghetti, Davide Panizza, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Gori, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis on the role of probiotics in preventing NEC in preterm infants, demonstrating that B. lactis Bb-12/B94 could reduce the risk of NEC, with a different size effect according to feeding type. Further trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Pediatrics
Helena Sofia Ribeiro, Andre Assuncao, Rafael Jose Vieira, Paulo Soares, Hercilia Guimaraes, Filipa Flor-de-Lima
Summary: Platelet transfusions in preterm infants are associated with a higher risk of mortality, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and establish a threshold for platelet transfusion with less harm. Overall, the importance of this systematic review and meta-analysis is 8 out of 10.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Karishma Rao, Alain Cuna, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Heather Menden, Wei Yu, Ishfaq Ahmed, Pugazhendhi Srinivasan, Shahid Umar, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: The study demonstrates that different preterm formulas have varying effects on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiome composition in developing infants. Formula feeding with EleCare and Similac Special Care resulted in greater intestinal injury compared to NeoSure, but pre-treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviated the severity of the damage.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Rania I. H. Ismail, Hisham A. Awad, Safaa S. Imam, Ghada I. Gad, Nancy M. Aboushady, Rania M. Abdou, Deena S. Eissa, Nesmahar T. Azzam, Maha M. Barakat, Mostafa M. Yassin, Noha M. Barakat
Summary: This study found that preterm neonates who received bovine colostrum showed higher levels of FOXP3 Tregs, which may have a positive impact on reducing sepsis severity and mortality.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte J. Neumann, Alexander Mahnert, Christina Kumpitsch, Raymond Kiu, Matthew J. Dalby, Magdalena Kujawska, Tobias Madl, Stefan Kurath-Koller, Berndt Urlesberger, Bernhard Resch, Lindsay J. Hall, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
Summary: The study analyzes the effects of three preventive regimens on the gut microbiome development in preterm infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. The use of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NCDO 2203 in combination with human milk oligosaccharides has a significant impact on the microbiome and reduces antibiotic resistance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Harriet Wright, Ayman S. Bannaga, Rolland Iriarte, Mshail Mahmoud, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Summary: Volatile organic compounds can diagnose various diseases in preterm infants, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. VOCs analysis can also distinguish between breastfed and formula-fed preterm neonates in the first month of life, several days before clinical diagnosis.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Deena Thomas, Akash Sharma, M. Jeeva Sankar
Summary: In this study, Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to identify the probiotic strain with the maximum benefit in preventing neonatal mortality, sepsis, and NEC. The combination of B longum, B bifidum, B infantis, and L acidophilus may reduce the risk of mortality, sepsis, and NEC, but the evidence is uncertain. B lactis may also reduce the risk of mortality and NEC, but the evidence is uncertain. Further research is needed to determine the optimal probiotics for use in preterm neonates in low- and middle-income countries.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)