Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lukasz Baisinger, Jose Maria Andres Castan, Pablo Simon Marques, Giacomo Londi, Clemens Goehler, Carsten Deibel, David Beljonne, Clement Cabanetos, Philippe Blanchard, Johannes Benduhn, Donato Spoltore, Karl Leo
Summary: This study described the synthesis and characterization of four novel arylamine-based push-pull molecular donors, two of which exhibited a methyl group at the para-position of the external phenyl ring of the arylamine block. Assessing the effects of methylation on the open-circuit voltage of the device showed that devices based on methylated versions of the molecular donors exhibited reduced voltage losses due to decreased non-radiative recombination. Modelings suggested that methylation resulted in a tighter interaction between donor and acceptor molecules, leading to a larger oscillator strength in charge-transfer states and reduced non-radiative decay rates.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Shuixing Li, Lingling Zhan, Yaokai Li, Chengliang He, Lijian Zuo, Minmin Shi, Hongzheng Chen
Summary: This review presents the progress of ternary organic photovoltaic devices in terms of morphology, energy loss, and working mechanism. The addition of a third component can promote the formation of alloy-like-phase and vertical-phase, leading to an increase in voltage. It can also enhance luminescence and suppress energetic disorder, improving the photovoltaic performance. The variations in device parameters can be explained by the dilution effect and the relationships between acceptors or donor/acceptor.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hajime Okumoto, Yasumasa Suzuki, Junji Mizukado
Summary: Impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the interfaces of organic devices, revealing the roles of buffer layers in charge dynamics and the impact of different electrode configurations on charge and recombination dynamics.
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Larry Lueer, Rong Wang, Chao Liu, Henry Dube, Thomas Heumueller, Jens Hauch, Christoph J. Brabec
Summary: This review discusses approaches to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices by minimizing the driving force required for charge separation. The factors influencing charge separation and the use of high throughput workflows are highlighted.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dan Wang, Fei Zheng, Zhengpeng Song, Haotong Li, Yingchun Yu, Xia Tao
Summary: This study addresses the issues of poor contact between LATP and electrodes and incompatibility with Li anodes in solid-state batteries. By constructing a double-side-modified LATP ceramic pellet with a PVDF polymer electrolyte, the interface impedance is effectively reduced and unwanted reactions are prevented, ensuring stable battery operation. The PVDF-modified LATP ceramic pellet exhibits good cycling stability in Li/Li cells. This interfacial modification strategy contributes to the formation of stable solid-state batteries.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Stefania Zappia, Marina Alloisio, Julio Cesar Valdivia, Eduardo Arias, Ivana Moggio, Guido Scavia, Silvia Destri
Summary: The properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized in situ within commercial PEDOT:PSS formulations were systematically investigated. The reagent ratio was found to be the only parameter affecting the properties of the nanoparticles. The stabilization of the nanoparticles occurred mainly in PEDOT:PSS domains with low silver content, while in domains with high silver content, the particles formed and perturbed the absorption of the conjugated polymer. Furthermore, an optimized film morphology was used to fabricate a water-processable anode.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Amira R. Alghamdi, Jonas M. Bjuggren, Xun Pan, Mats R. Andersson, Gunther G. Andersson
Summary: In this study, the energy level alignment between a new electron transport material, P(NDI3N-T-Br), and the active layers TQ1 and N2200 was investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the dipole formed at the interface between the active layers and P(NDI3N-T-Br) was significantly different from that formed at the respective interface with ITO. The dipole between the active layer and P(NDI3N-T-Br) blocked the hole transfer from TQ1, which was desirable, but still allowed hole transfer from N2200 due to its electron acceptor properties.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Grazyna Jarosz, Malgorzata Franz, Rafal Marczynski, Ryszard Signerski
Summary: The study analyzed the energy conversion limit of excitonic photovoltaic cells under white light from phosphor-based LEDs using a modified Giebink approach. It found that the optimal optical energy gap values for organic materials depend on the color of light, and that the energy loss related to exciton dissociation significantly affects power efficiency. When the energy loss is small, the power efficiency can reach 50%, but decreases to 40% as the energy loss increases. The results suggest directions for improving efficiency of organic photovoltaic solar cells for indoor applications.
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei He, Hongxiang Li, Ruijie Ma, Xue Yan, Hailin Yu, Yingyue Hu, Dingqin Hu, Jiaqiang Qin, Ningbo Cui, Jiayu Wang, Shirong Lu, Cenqi Yan, Gang Li, Pei Cheng
Summary: This study introduces 3,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid as a novel anode interface layer (AIL) material for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), which simplifies the device processing through in situ self-assembly and improves the efficiency and transparency of the devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Qian Wang, Tiantian Lu, Yong Liu, Jie Dai, Lixiang Guan, Lifeng Hou, Huayun Du, Huan Wei, Xiaoda Liu, Xiaoqing Han, Zixian Ye, Ding Zhang, Yinghui Wei, Henghui Zhou
Summary: Li metal anode has potential as the most promising anode material for high-energy density battery systems. However, the uneven Li+ migration and transformation at the electrode/electrolyte interface prevent its practical use, resulting in low coulombic efficiency, poor cycling life, and safety hazards. This review summarizes the formation mechanism of the electrode/electrolyte interface and solvated sheath, and reviews current progress in regulating the interficial chemistry. Challenges and future opportunities in this field are also outlined.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mengyang Li, Hongbo Wu, Jing Wang, Zheng Tang, Zaifei Ma
Summary: This study investigates the limitation of open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells utilizing fluorinated acceptors. The reduced voltage is primarily attributed to increased voltage losses and declined external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence. It is found that the limited performance is a result of deteriorated molecular packing and elevated reorganization energy. A strategy involving acceptor sidechain modifications is proposed to address these issues.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tobias Fritsch, Jona Kurpiers, Steffen Roland, Nurlan Tokmoldin, Safa Shoaee, Thomas Ferron, Brian A. Collins, Silvia Janietz, Koen Vandewal, Dieter Neher
Summary: The interplay between free charge carriers, charge transfer (CT) states, and singlet excitons (S-1) determines the performance of organic solar cells. In the blend, the polymer exciton dominates the radiative properties, while the non-radiative decay limits the open circuit voltage. Increasing the strength of the exciton in the optical spectra can reduce non-radiative voltage losses, not because it is more emissive. Electronic coupling between the CT state and the S-1 does not improve the open circuit voltage.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanfeng Liu, Yue Wu, Yanfeng Geng, Erjun Zhou, Yufei Zhong
Summary: Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have shown great potential for large-area, flexible, and lightweight applications. However, high energy loss due to charge recombination at the donor/acceptor interface remains a challenge. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the interfacial photophysics of nonfullerene acceptor-based OPVs and highlights the factors influencing interfacial energy loss. It also emphasizes the importance of controlling the donor/acceptor interface for improving the efficiency of OPVs.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Austin M. Kay, Maura E. Fitzsimons, Gregory Burwell, Paul Meredith, Ardalan Armin, Oskar J. Sandberg
Summary: Organic semiconductors have tailorable optical properties, making them promising materials for indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) to power Internet-of-Things devices sustainably in the future. However, the excitonic and energetically disordered nature of organic semiconductors results in considerable sub-gap absorption and non-radiative losses in solar cells. This work explores how energetic disorder, sub-optical gap absorption, and non-radiative recombination limit the performance of organic semiconductor-based IPVs, providing realistic upper estimates for power conversion efficiency. Additionally, a methodology for predicting IPV performance under arbitrary illumination conditions is described.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julien Gorenflot, Wejdan Alsufyani, Maryam Alqurashi, Sri Harish Kumar Paleti, Derya Baran, Frederic Laquai
Summary: Molecular engineering of organic semiconductors allows for a wide range of structures, but only a few combinations are highly efficient for photovoltaic applications. This study focuses on the design principle that requires a certain offset (Delta IE) between the ionization energies of the electron donor and acceptor materials in a bulk heterojunction. The results show that energy losses associated with Delta IE are minimal up to a certain value, and optimal efficiency is achieved when the charge transfer state energy is similar to the acceptor's optical bandgap.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eunice Y. Paik, Long Zhang, Shaocong Hou, Haonan Zhao, Yu-Hsun Chou, Stephen R. Forrest, Hui Deng
Summary: This study presents a method to assemble high quality-factor microcavities for van der Waals materials using high reflectance top mirrors. The method can be generalized to other photonic structures and will facilitate research using van der Waals materials.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haonan Zhao, Jongchan Kim, Kan Ding, Mina Jung, Yongxi Li, Harald Ade, Jun Yeob Lee, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: By incorporating a sterically bulky, electron-transporting host material into a conventional single host-guest emissive layer, the phase separation of the host matrix can be suppressed, leading to improved efficiency and operational lifetime of deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). This bulky host allows for homogeneous mixing of the emissive layer molecules while preventing single host aggregation and nonradiative recombination. The controlled amorphous phase morphology of the mixed-host device reduces nonradiative exciton decay and enhances external quantum efficiency by 120 +/- 6% compared to a similar single-host device. Additionally, the mixed host facilitates the conduction of both charge carriers, reducing the probability of exciton annihilation and doubling the operational lifetime of deep-blue PHOLEDs.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhiyi Chen, Boning Qu, Baoyang Jiang, Stephen R. Forrest, Jun Ni
Summary: Tension control is critical for maintaining good product quality in roll-to-roll (R2R) production systems. This study proposes a robust linear parameter-varying model predictive control (LPV-MPC) scheme to enhance tension tracking performance in a pilot R2R system. By separately handling disturbances caused by model uncertainties and dynamics changes, the controller achieves fast transient response and offset-free tension tracking.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yan Li, Chengyu Zou, Chen Chen, Sixuan Li, Ziyu Zhu, Qiuyue Fan, Rui Pang, Fengshi Li, Zengai Chen, Zhenghong Wang, Weifeng Yu, Junying Yuan, Peiying Li
Summary: This study demonstrates that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes endothelial cell (EC) death under inflammatory conditions, thus contributing to blood-brain barrier disruption.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Claire Arneson, Xinjing Huang, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: This study demonstrates a method for achieving tunable white light through the side-by-side positioning of monochromatic blue and yellow phosphorescent OLED stripes using a high-resolution mechanical peel-off patterning method. The results show a peak luminous power efficiency of 17.1 lm W-1 and an external quantum efficiency of 11.8%, as well as the ability to adjust the color temperature and color rendering index of the light source. The peel-off technique used in this method ensures a comparable device lifetime to conventionally patterned devices.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxi Li, Xinjing Huang, Hafiz K. M. Sheriff Jr, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: The narrow and intense absorption spectra of organic materials offer the possibility to develop efficient organic photovoltaic devices that are different from other solar cell technologies. By selectively absorbing light in specific ranges, these materials can be used for power-generating windows that are semitransparent in the visible range but absorb strongly in the ultraviolet and infrared regions, providing a sustainable solution for clean energy generation.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yongxi Li, Xinjing Huang, Austin R. Mencke, Sunil Kumar Kandappa, Tonghui Wang, Kan Ding, Zuo-Quan Jiang, Aram Amassian, Liang-Sheng Liao, Mark E. Thompson, Stephen R. Forrest Abe
Summary: In order to improve the performance and lifetime of organic photovoltaic devices, precise control over the purity, composition, and structure of organic semiconductors is necessary. Ternary-blend organic photovoltaics have shown promise in improving solar spectral coverage and reducing energy losses. However, the blending process compromises the purity of the ternary blend, leading to impurities that affect device reproducibility and long-term reliability.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiuyang Li, Adam Alfrey, Jiaqi Hu, Nathanial Lydick, Eunice Paik, Bin Liu, Haiping Sun, Yang Lu, Ruoyu Wang, Stephen Forrest, Hui Deng
Summary: A method based on 1-dodecanol encapsulation and gold-tape-assisted exfoliation is developed for the synthesis of large-area and high-quality transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. The encapsulated monolayers show uniform exciton energy, linewidth, and quantum yield over the whole area, and can be integrated with photonic crystal cavities to enhance light-matter coupling.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Boning Qu, Zhiyi Chen, Lucas Lahann, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: White organic light emitting devices (WOLEDs) have advantages as solid state lighting sources, offering high energy efficiency, superior color quality, and a flexible, thin profile. Recent advances suggest that mass production of WOLED panels is approaching. This research estimates the cost of white WOLED panel production and predicts that with incremental costs reduction and improved luminance, WOLED lighting can be more affordable and suitable for various premium lighting applications.
Article
Physics, Applied
Jihun Lim, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: Air-bridge thermophotovoltaic (ABTPV) devices achieve nearly 99% utilization of out-of-band (OOB) photons. The thermodynamic limit for single junction ABTPVs is determined to be 55.5% at an emitter temperature of 1400 K, compared to the reported efficiency of 32%. A technology computer-aided design model predicts that reducing surface-recombination velocity improves the efficiency limit to 48.6%. Free-carrier absorption and shadowing effects have been analyzed for their impact on TPV performance.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jihun Lim, Bosun Roy-Layinde, Bin Liu, Andrej Lenert, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: An air-bridge thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell is demonstrated to achieve nearly complete utilization of out-of-band (OOB) photons. By using a flat In0.53Ga0.47As TPV membrane, the cell achieves an OOB reflectance (R (OOB)) of 98.9 +/- 0.1% under 1279 K blackbody illumination. The flat TPV cell exhibits improved spectral efficiency and power conversion efficiency compared to the buckled cell.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bin Liu, Jason Lynch, Haonan Zhao, Ben R. Conran, Clifford McAleese, Deep Jariwala, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a subclass of 2D layered materials, show promise as a platform for photonic and optoelectronic devices. This study demonstrates centimeter-scale monolayers of WS2 grown using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, with polariton propagation lengths of up to 60 μm. The polaritons are formed through the coupling of excitons with Bloch surface waves (BSWs) supported by all-dielectric photonic structures. The results provide a practical approach for engineering long-range energy transport in TMD layers mediated by exciton-polaritons, enabling room temperature TMD-based polaritonic devices.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiuyang Li, Adam Alfrey, Jiaqi Hu, Nathanial Lydick, Eunice Paik, Bin Liu, Haiping Sun, Yang Lu, Ruoyu Wang, Stephen Forrest, Hui Deng
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Boning Qu, Haonan Zhao, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: A comprehensive numerical model is developed to quantitatively analyze the charge and exciton distributions in phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). The model is validated by direct measurement of the exciton distribution in monochromatic phosphorescent OLEDs and accurately predicts the intensity and current-dependent spectral shifts in complex, multilayer WOLEDs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinjing Huang, Yongxi Li, Stephen R. Forrest
Summary: Blending dipolar NFA molecules in ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) reduces the operational stability due to the reorganization and reorientation of these molecules, which increases the dielectric constant of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and decreases the electric field, leading to a larger reduction in charge collection efficiency over time.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2023)