Article
Agricultural Engineering
Abid Farooq, Su Shiung Lam, Gwang Hoon Rhee, Jechan Lee, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of low sulfonated Kraft lignin was studied under different atmospheric environments. The use of Zn-or Mo-loaded HZSM-5 catalyst resulted in higher pyrolytic oil yield and increased benzene, toluene, and xylenes yields. The enhanced CH4 activation via metal loading and the formation of a hydro-pyrolysis environment through CH4 decomposition were observed. The CH4-D environment showed a higher presence of H-2 in the product gas.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kongyan Yang, Feng Zhou, Huixia Ma, Chuntao Liu, Fangwei Ma, Guang Wu
Summary: A series of nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolites with intercrystalline mesopores were fabricated and applied in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose. It was found that the nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite had a larger external surface area and higher aromatic yield compared to conventional ZSM-5. The relationship between surface area, acidity, and product yields was established.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haoran Sun, Zhongyang Luo, Wenbo Wang, Simin Li, Shuang Xue
Summary: In this study, the impact of mesoporous structure parameters on the diffusion of heavy phenols and the regulation of pyrolysis products in cellulolytic enzyme lignin catalytic conversion was investigated. A micromesostructured composite zeolite (ZMA) with internal hierarchical pores and ununiform mesolayer shell was found to have the most suitable mesostructure for the process, showing improved accessibility of inner acidic sites and providing a balance between aromatic yield and product distribution. Additionally, different mesostructures required varied applicable catalyst to lignin ratios, with ZMA and hierarchical samples suitable for higher and lower ratios, respectively.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mpho Thabang Rapoo, Saranpreet Singh, Katie Chong, Scott Banks, Paula H. Blanco Sanchez
Summary: Through thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments, it was found that Prosopis juliflora can be processed as a mixture to achieve high yields of aromatics, eliminating the need for pre-separation. The use of zeolite-based catalysts improved product distribution and reduced the proportion of oxygenates.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sabah Mariyam, Shifa Zuhara, Prakash Parthasarathy, Gordon McKay
Summary: Py-GC/MS is a quick and highly effective method to analyse volatiles from small amounts of feeds, combining pyrolysis with GC and MS. This review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks to improve specific volatile product yields. Zeolite catalysts, especially HZSM-5, result in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in hydrocarbon content. The review also discusses the use of metal catalysts, self-catalytic feedstocks, and the combination of catalysts to improve aromatic yield during co-pyrolysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Moriko Qian, Hanwu Lei, Elmar Villota, Yunfeng Zhao, Erguang Huo, Chenxi Wang, Wendy Mateo, Rongge Zou
Summary: Biomass-derived materials have great potential as an alternative templating agent for tailoring new pore systems in zeolites to enhance catalyst properties. In this study, hierarchical ZSM-5 was prepared with the assistance of alkaline lignin and showed improved catalytic performance in co-pyrolysis of softwood biomass and LDPE mixture. The enlarged pore openings in hierarchical ZSM-5 facilitated the passage of reactive species and resulted in higher selectivity of desirable aromatic hydrocarbons and coke formation inhibition compared to parent zeolite.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gislane Pinho de Oliveira, Lorena Araujo de Melo Siqueira, Guilherme Quintela Calixto, Dulce Maria de Araujo Melo, Marcus Antonio de Freitas Melo, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Renata Martins Braga
Summary: The growth in global energy demand and the need to reduce CO2 emissions have led to the exploration of renewable energy sources as viable alternatives to replace fossil fuels and petrochemicals. This study focuses on the characterization of kraft lignin, the evaluation of the kinetics of commercial alkaline lignin, and the yield of renewable aromatics obtained from flash pyrolysis of kraft lignin at different temperatures. Results show that kraft lignin has low energetic potential for thermochemical processes, but it can serve as a renewable source for generating building blocks.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Ajoy Kanti Mondal, Chengrong Qin, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Yonghao Ni, Fang Huang
Summary: The SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio, pore size, and acid sites are crucial parameters influencing the catalytic activity of zeolites in lignin pyrolysis. Through comparing Y and M zeolites with a combined 'Y + M' sample after regeneration, it was found that the combined sample exhibited higher catalytic activity due to improved micropore surface area and total acid sites. NMR analyses showed an increase in p-hydroxy phenyl and methoxyl groups with zeolite regeneration cycles, while guaiacyl phenolic hydroxyl decreased less in the combined 'Y + M' sample, indicating enhanced lignin structure cleavage during pyrolysis.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiongjian Du, Shubin Wu, Tengfei Li, Yihui Yin, Jingmo Zhou
Summary: The effects of ozone oxidation pretreatment on the structure of softwood lignin and the distribution of pyrolysis products were investigated. The pretreatment changed the structure of lignin, enhancing depolymerization and improving the yield of bio-oil. The relative content of p-hydroxyphenyl type phenols derived from lignin pyrolysis was positively correlated with the oxidation degree.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Elmeri Pieniha Pienihakkinen, Ioannis Stamatopoulos, Poppy Krassa, Ingemar Svensson, Taina Ohra-aho, Christian Lindfors, Anja Oasmaa
Summary: The recycling of waste wood into phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins through fast pyrolysis was demonstrated. The pyrolytic lignin fraction obtained from waste wood was successfully used to replace commercial phenol in the production of low free formaldehyde content resins. The use of H2O/n-butanol mixture as a solvent helped prolong the storage time and maintain acceptable viscosity of the resin. The produced resins showed good gluing performance in dry conditions.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhifeng Zhang, Zhen Li, Huihui Zhang, Chunhui Ma, Zhijun Zhang, Yanjun Xie, Shouxin Liu, Qingwen Wang, Charles U. Pittman
Summary: Two niobium oxide-based catalysts, m-NbOP and m-NbO, with uniform mesoporous structures and strong acidities, were synthesized and used in lignin catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). Both catalysts showed improved abilities in direct deoxygenation and increased the production of benzene, toluene, and xylenes, while reducing the content of phenols.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lijuan Zhang, Cheolyong Choi, Hiroshi Machida, Koyo Norinaga
Summary: The study proposes an integrated process for valorizing lignin, which involves catalytic hydrogenation and subsequent fast pyrolysis. Hydrogenated lignin shows increased reactivity in thermal decomposition, with higher yields of light olefins and promotion of alkanes, benzene, and toluene formation. This novel and efficient pretreatment method provides valuable insights for future research on lignin valorization.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jie Liang, Guangcun Shan, Yifei Sun
Summary: Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology for converting biomass into transportable fuels. This review discusses the key role of zeolites in lignocellulosic biomass CFP, highlighting challenges in designing effective zeolite catalysts and exploring future catalyst developments.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun Zhang, Jing Gu, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste mixed cloth using hierarchical HZSM and commercial CaO. The use of HZSM contributed to the production of monocyclic and dicyclic chemicals, while CaO showed strong deoxygenation performance for the transformation into low oxygen-containing chemicals. This research highlights a feasible route for upgrading waste mixed cloth into value-added chemicals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adrien Ratier, Richail D. Moulandou-Koumba, Melanie Anizan, Sarah Behloul, Frederic Guegan, Gilles Frapper, Quentin Blancart Remaury, Karine De Oliveira Vigier, Jianxia Zheng, Francois Jerome
Summary: By studying the sequence Diels-Alder/aromatization reaction between biobased furanic derivatives and alkynes, we have discovered a way to produce renewable phenols. The migration of the methyl group during the aromatization step allows dimethylfuran to also access renewable phenols. This reaction has been successfully applied to furfural and furfuryl alcohol, enabling the creation of molecular diversity and complexity on the phenol ring using cheap biobased furanic derivatives.