Substrate Independent Liquid Phase Epitaxy of HKUST-1 as Anticoagulant and Antimicrobial Coating

The effective deposition of metal-organic frameworks on kinds of biomaterials is still challenging and highly desirable. Using polydopamine as the effective nucleation center, HKUST-1 is successfully prepared on three kinds of inert biomaterials, i.e., titanium oxide film (Ti-O), 316L stainless steel (316L SS), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Characterization of the surfaces by powder X-ray diffraction confirm the oriented crystal growth of HKUST-1 on the polydopamine coated substrates. There are no significant difference in catalytical NO generation and surface copper content of the three samples with HKUST-1 deposition. All keep a NO release speed of approximate to 2.5 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2) min(-1), thus platelet activation on the HKUST-1 modified surfaces are inhibited compared to that of the unmodified ones. Ex vivo test shows thrombi formation is dramatically reduced. The HKUST-1 coated surfaces elicit 95% reduction in the bacterial attachment of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The endothelial cells and macrophages culture results support good biocompatibility of the modified surfaces. It provides a promising, facile, and effective approach for surface modification of blood contact biomaterials.