Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma13112483
Keywords
extracellular matrix; hydrogel; skeletal muscle; tissue engineering
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Funding
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- UNI-Impresa 2019 Grant
- University of Padova, Italy
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Recently, skeletal muscle represents a complex and challenging tissue to be generated in vitro for tissue engineering purposes. Several attempts have been pursued to develop hydrogels with different formulations resembling in vitro the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo. This review article describes how different types of cell-laden hydrogels recapitulate the multiple interactions occurring between extracellular matrix (ECM) and muscle cells. A special attention is focused on the biochemical cues that affect myocytes morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance, underlining the importance of topographical cues exerted on the hydrogels to guide cellular orientation and facilitate myogenic differentiation and maturation. Moreover, we highlight the crucial role of 3D printing and bioreactors as useful platforms to finely control spatial deposition of cells into ECM based hydrogels and provide the skeletal muscle native-like tissue microenvironment, respectively.
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