Review
Chemistry, Physical
Xiao Wang, Ming-Zhu Lu, Teck-Peng Loh
Summary: This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in the direct synthesis of polyketide and polypeptide macrocycles using a transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation strategy. It is divided into two parts: the first part describes the rhodium-catalyzed alkene-alkene ring-closing coupling for polyketide synthesis, and the second part summarizes the synthesis of polypeptide macrocycles. Additionally, transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond macrocyclization reactions via alkyl C(sp(3))-H bond activation are also included. The authors hope that this mini-review will inspire researchers to explore new and broadly applicable strategies for C-C bond macrocyclization via intramolecular C-H activation.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Devesh Manisha, Devesh Chandra, Upendra Sharma
Summary: An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of N-protected isoquinolone with maleimides is demonstrated, where the carbonyl group of isoquinolone acts as an inherent directing group. Various N-substituents in the maleimide, including alkyl, aryl, and even H and -OH, were well tolerated. This protocol exhibits broad substrate scope, good selectivity, and excellent yields, with the effect of substituents on the reaction progress confirmed by Hammett plot.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Liu, Xinlong Fan, Boning Wang, Hong Deng, Tianhang Wang, Jie Zheng, Jun Chen, Zhuangzhi Shi, Huan Wang
Summary: We report a method for late-stage peptide ligation and macrocyclization through rhodium-catalyzed alkylation of tryptophan residues at the C7 position. This study demonstrates site-selective peptide C-H alkylation through deconjugative isomerization using internal olefins. Our method provides access to peptide macrocycles with unique Trp(C7)-alkyl crosslinks and exhibits potent cytotoxicity towards cancer cells.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Saul Jaime-Figueroa, Michael J. Bond, J. Ignacio Vergara, Jake C. Swartzel, Craig M. Crews
Summary: A novel and facile two-step synthesis method for 3,4-unsubstituted isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones is described, involving a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and platinum-catalyzed nitrile hydrolysis and cyclization.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bichao Song, Xueying Guo, Li Yang, Haiyue Yu, Xinlei Zong, Xiujuan Liu, Hao Wang, Zhongliang Xu, Zhenyang Lin, Weibo Yang
Summary: Inspired by the C-H oxidation mechanism of cytochromes P450, a practical Rh-III-catalyzed acylmethylation macrocyclization via C-H/O-2 dual activation has been developed. The macrocyclization process is facilitated by a synergic coordination from pyridine and ester group. This unique reaction mode differs from established olefination and alkylation paths, and its mechanism has been revealed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments. The newly achieved acylmethylation macrocyclic products and their derivatives exhibit potent anti-H1N1 bioactivity, which may lead to the discovery of novel anti-H1N1 macrocyclic leading compounds.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taibei Fang, Shiwen Zhang, Qingqing Ye, Shuwen Kong, Tingting Yang, Kaijie Tang, Xinwei He, Yongjia Shang
Summary: A sequential Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of N-hydroxybenzamides with propargylic acetates has been developed to form NH-free isoquinolones. This reaction involves a sequential C-H activation/alkyne insertion/intramolecular annulation/N-O bond cleavage procedure, producing a broad range of products with diverse substituents in moderate-to-excellent yields. Notably, this protocol allows for the simultaneous formation of two new C-C/C-N bonds and one heterocycle in one pot, with water as the sole byproduct.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiang Liu, Peng Wang, Wei Zeng, Qi Lu, Qing Zhu
Summary: The study introduced a novel palladium-catalyzed Fujiwara-Moritani reaction for olefination of tryptophan residues without directing groups. This reaction is efficient for peptide modification, ligation, and peptide stapling.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Huihong Wang, Fei Cao, Weiwei Gao, Xiaodong Wang, Yuhang Yang, Tao Shi, Zhen Wang
Summary: Epoxides have been utilized as alkylating reagents in Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H alkylation and oxidative annulation to synthesize isoquinolones instead of isochromans. By modifying the reaction mechanism with the addition of oxidant and TEA, various isoquinolones have been successfully prepared with high yields up to 92%. This methodology has also been applied in the total syntheses of rupreschstyril, siamine, and cassiarin A in an efficient manner.
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Priyank Purohit
Summary: This article presents the challenge of regiospecific and atom economic C-C bond formation, which has been addressed by directing group and organometal-based C-H activation strategy. Organometals like Ru, Pd, Pt, Ni have been discovered as effective catalysts for C-H activation without the need for pre-activation of the inert C-H bond. This study focuses on cationic ruthenium and its unique reactivity with inert substrates.
CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Jinyuan Jiang, Jidan Liu, Zhenke Yang, Jieying Zheng, Xin Tian, Liyao Zheng, Zhao-Qing Liu
Summary: An efficient method has been developed for the direct C-H oxidative annulation of isoquinolones with allyl alcohols, leading to the synthesis of structurally diverse isoindolo[2,1-b]isoquinolin-5(7H)-ones with high atom economy. This protocol is tolerant of a broad spectrum of functionalities and can be conducted in one-pot operation using readily available N-methoxybenzamides.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming Zeng, Jiaqi Chen, Fengye Li, Haojie Li, Lan Zhao, Dengzhao Jiang, Jun Dai, Wenbo Liu
Summary: 1,3,5-triazines, especially indole functionalized triazine derivatives, have shown excellent activities in anti-tumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory fields. Traditional methods for synthesizing N-(2-triazine) indoles have limitations due to unstable materials and complex operations. In this study, an efficient ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of N-(2-triazine) indoles by C-H activation was developed, resulting in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeded through a proposed six-membered ruthenacycle intermediate, indicating the chelation assistance of the triazine ring in the formation of N-(2-triazine) indoles.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yulei Wang, Hendrik Simon, Xinran Chen, Zhipeng Lin, Shan Chen, Lutz Ackermann
Summary: While electrochemical ortho-selective C-H activations are well established, the development of distal C-H activations is still limited. In this study, we report the electrochemical meta-C-H functionalization, achieving remote C-H bromination in an undivided cell under ligand- and electrolyte-free conditions. Notably, pyrazolylarenes were selectively brominated at the benzenoid moiety rather than the electron-rich pyrazole ring for the first time. Mechanistic studies suggested the formation of a ruthenacycle followed by a ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) process.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Lin, Xue-jun Zhang, Xinyu Xu, Yue Zhao, Zhuangzhi Shi
Summary: This study reports a modular assembly method for diverse phosphine-amide ligands, using ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation of phosphines with isocyanate directed by phosphorus(III) atoms. The method enables efficient and selective synthesis of various phosphine-amide ligands, some of which show excellent efficiency for asymmetric catalysis.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuefeng Tan, Xiaoyan Hou, Torben Rogge, Lutz Ackermann
Summary: This study achieved the electrochemical three-component assembly of isoquinolines using ruthenium electro-catalyzed C-H/N-H functionalization, demonstrating a robust electrocatalysis with ample substrate scope, efficient electrooxidation, and an operationally friendly procedure. Furthermore, detailed mechanistic studies and unprecedented cyclovoltammetric analysis of a seven-membered ruthenacycle supported an unusual ruthenium(II/III/I) regime.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Cheng Gong, Jian Tang, Fei Xu, Pengjie Li, Zetian Wang, Yumin Zhang, Guoxian Yu, Liang Wang
Summary: This article summarizes the recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation of pyridone/isoquinolone derivatives, focusing on catalytic systems, reaction mechanisms, substrate scopes, and synthetic applications.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicolas Gillaizeau-Simonian, Etienne Barde, Amandine Guerinot, Janine Cossy
Summary: A cobalt-catalyzed reaction method with high chemoselectivity was developed for the preparation of alpha-aryl amides with various functional groups. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of alkaloids. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical process.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Armelle Buzy, Camille Alain, John Harrington, Dominique Lesuisse, Vincent Mikol, David F. Bruhn, Aaron G. Maule, Jean-Claude Guillemot
Summary: This study focused on the peptidomic analysis of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and successfully identified and quantified over 180 mature neuropeptides. Different peptidomic approaches provided evidence that both life stages of Haemonchus contortus express most FMRFamide-like peptides and neuropeptide-like proteins.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Polak, Janine Cossy
Summary: Good yields of 2-C-glycals and 2-C-ribals were achieved through a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between 2-iodoglycals and 2-iodoribals using Grignard reagents. The synthesized compounds were further transformed into 2-C-2-deoxyglycosides, 2-C-diglycosides, and 2'-C-2'-deoxynucleosides. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of a 2-chloroadenine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside, an important analogue of cladribine and clofarabine used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and hairy cell leukemia.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Tomas J. Saiegh, Christophe Meyer, Janine Cossy
Summary: Hydroxamates derived from 3-sulfolene-3-carboxylic acid can undergo intra- and intermolecular rhodium(III)-catalyzed heteroannulations, involving C(sp(2))-H bond activation. These reactions provide a direct route to diversely substituted pyridones and pyridines fused to a sulfolene ring. The subsequent cheletropic elimination under microwave irradiation leads to the generation of pyridine ortho-quinodimethanes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Irena Loryan, Andreas Reichel, Bo Feng, Christoffer Bundgaard, Christopher Shaffer, Cory Kalvass, Dallas Bednarczyk, Denise Morrison, Dominique Lesuisse, Edmund Hoppe, Georg C. Terstappen, Holger Fischer, Li Di, Nicola Colclough, Scott Summerfield, Stephen T. Buckley, Tristan S. Maurer, Markus Friden
Summary: The unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient (K-p, K-uu, K-brain) plays a crucial role in pharmacological responses and has been widely applied in drug discovery and development.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Celine Cegarra, C. Chaves, C. Deon, T. M. Do, B. Dumas, A. Frenzel, P. Kuhn, V Roudieres, J. C. Guillemot, D. Lesuisse
Summary: This study explores the potential of ITM2A as a target for transcytosis in the brain and highlights the challenges in identifying new brain delivery targets. The results suggest that antibodies against ITM2A are internalized in cells overexpressing ITM2A and that ITM2A is expressed in brain microvessels, but further research is needed to demonstrate its potential as a target for brain delivery.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Thomas Abegg, Janine Cossy, Christophe Meyer
Summary: cis-1,2-Dialkenylcyclopropanes with a vinyl azide group were generated by Knoevenagel condensations and underwent cascade Cope and Winstein [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements under mild conditions. This reaction sequence allows for the synthesis of diversely substituted 1,4-cycloheptadienes with a secondary allylic azide containing up to three stereocenters.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Peter Polak, Janine Cossy
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of 2-C-substituted 5-deoxyglucals from D-ribose using a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The obtained compounds were further transformed into 2-C-substituted 5-deoxyglycosides and 2-C-substituted 5-deoxynucleosides. The work also involves the reassignment of previously published structures.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Janine Cossy
Summary: Due to advancements in techniques and technologies, biocatalysts are increasingly important in the field of chemistry. They have transitioned from being used on a laboratory scale to an industrial scale, allowing for efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Biocatalysis opens new areas of research and addresses challenges that traditional chemistry struggles with in terms of chemoselectivity and efficiency.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celine Cegarra, Beatrice Cameron, Catarina Chaves, Tarik Dabdoubi, Tuan-Minh Do, Bruno Genet, Valerie Roudieres, Yi Shi, Patricia Tchepikoff, Dominique Lesuisse
Summary: A new immunization strategy was used to obtain antibodies that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Most of the antibodies identified targeted beta 1 integrin, with one antibody showing the best binding and transcytosis capabilities to alpha n beta 1 integrin. Further studies should be conducted to validate this mechanism in vivo and evaluate its potential in brain delivery.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Paul C. Ruer, Youssef Nassar, Peter Polak, Janine Cossy
Summary: Five-membered exo-glycals were synthesized from six-membered 2-iodo-endo-glycals through a metal/halogen exchange/ring-opening sequence followed by a cyclization catalyzed by Ag2CO3.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elias Abedelnour, Stephanie Ognier, Olivier Venier, Laurent Schio, Michael Tatoulian, Janine Cossy
Summary: This study presents the direct synthesis of trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals from nitrogen containing heterocycles using argon plasma in a continuous flow microreactor without any additives or metal catalysts. The transformation of these compounds to N-trifluoroethyl amines is also reported.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Tomohiro Yasukawa, Katja S. Haheim, Janine Cossy
Summary: This article introduces the synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) by forming a C-C bond through cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to obtain these compounds from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs, including relevant mechanisms.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Janine Cossy, Peter Polak, Paul C. Ruer
Summary: This review focuses on the incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, specifically the formation of C-C bonds. Three main strategies are discussed, involving electrophilic or nucleophilic cyclobutane derivatives.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elias Abedelnour, Stephanie Ognier, Mengxue Zhang, Laurent Schio, Olivier Venier, Janine Cossy, Michael Tatoulian
Summary: The direct N-acylation of amines by esters in a microreactor using argon plasma is presented, resulting in high yields of amides.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)