Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yuchao Wu, Chao Li, Tingting Chen, Renhui Qiu, Wendi Liu
Summary: In this study, a simple and convenient strategy was demonstrated to manufacture biocomposites from micro-scale bamboo fibers and a vinyl palm oil-based resin using photo-curing 3D printing technique. The modified bamboo fibers improved the dispersion and stability in the inks, as well as the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix, leading to enhanced mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures of the composites. Importantly, the printed bio-based composites matrix can be degraded in a mild condition, facilitating fiber recycling and utilization.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Turki A. Bakhsh, Abdulaziz Alfaifi, Yousef Alghamdi, Mohannad Nassar, Roaa A. Abuljadyel
Summary: This study aimed to compare the increase in pulp temperature during light curing of different composite thicknesses in deep class I cavities using two thermal sensing tools. The results showed no significant differences within the same group using either the thermocouple or infrared thermal camera. The bulk-fill technique resulted in the lowest heat generation among the groups. Increasing the light-curing time and the number of composite increments was directly correlated with increases in intra-pulpal temperature.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Hamad Algamaiah, David C. Watts
Summary: This study investigated the viscoelastic behavior of various resin-based composites through indentation tests. The results showed that highly filled composites were more resistant to indentation, with significantly reduced indentations after a 24-hour delayed test.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yutong Fu, Xuefeng Yao, Xuhao Gao
Summary: This paper investigates the void generation in 3D braided composites during RTM process and optimizes its manufacturing technology. By deriving governing equations and simulating the RTM process using FEM, the study analyzes the effects of resin parameters on void distributions and contents in 3D braided composite cells. The results provide a theoretical basis for analyzing void generation and evaluating the quality of 3D braided composites made by RTM technology.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Suzana Samarzija-Jovanovic, Vojislav Jovanovic, Tijana Jovanovic, Branka Petkovic, Gordana Markovic, Slavica Porobic, Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
Summary: This study investigated the thermal characteristics of composite materials formulated with UF resin and differently activated K10. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the modified UF/AK10 composite exhibited higher thermal stability compared to the other two composites.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Pei-Wen Peng, Chiung-Fang Huang, Ching-Ying Hsu, Ann Chen, Ho-Him Ng, Man-Si Cheng, Shiang Tsay, Jia-Yi Lai, Tzu-Sen Yang, Wei-Fang Lee
Summary: This study evaluated the color stability and staining susceptibility of various resin-based composites under light-activated in-office bleaching. Results showed that different composite materials had varied responses to bleaching and staining with red wine.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sijiao Wang, Kaiming Cao, Guanwei Wang, Mengmeng Chen, Hongxi Wang
Summary: In this study, the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin was improved by using modified boron nitride of different scales. The addition of modified boron nitride fillers can lead to the development of composite materials with excellent insulation and thermal conductivity properties.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jun Xu, Xingrui Xiang, Kai Xu, Limo He, Hengda Han, Sheng Su, Yi Wang, Song Hu, Jun Xiang
Summary: This study utilized microRaman spectroscopy to investigate the chemical structures of coal at a micro-scale, revealing significant heterogeneity in the micro-scale. The evolution of char particles in micro-scale differs from each other, especially in the early stage of pyrolysis, but tends to converge as the process progresses. The results suggest that a more severe pyrolysis condition can lead to a char with higher heterogeneity, and the pyrolysis of Zhundong coal can be mainly divided into two stages in terms of bulk structural evolution.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chun Pei, Liangliang Wei, Zhaojun Qin, Hongtao Yu, Ji-Hua Zhu, Feng Xing
Summary: This work introduces a novel design concept for nano/micro-scale carbon modified multifunctional cementitious composites, leveraging the advantages of graphene/PVA nanofluid additive to enhance mechanical properties and electrical conductivity while maintaining or even improving mechanical strengths under low resistivity.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ang Liu, Shimin Liu, Yiwei Liu, Bangzhi Liu, Ting Liu
Summary: The mechanical properties of coals at a nano-to-micro scale are crucial in determining their deformative and failure behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between the mechanical properties of coals and their mineralogical/carbon compositions and microstructures. The results showed that the nanoscale mechanical properties of coals are dependent on their composition and microstructure, and that sub-bituminous coals exhibit greater heterogeneity compared to bituminous coal.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Junjun Zhai, Xiangxia Kong, Luchen Wang, Shi Yan, Lili Jiang, Zhiwei Cai
Summary: A new alternative calculation procedure is developed to quantify the effect of yarn distortion characteristics on the mechanical properties of 3D braided carbon/resin composites. The proposed procedure captures the yarn path and cross-section distortion characteristics caused by the mutual squeeze of component materials, which is difficult to characterize experimentally. The procedure is an efficient tool for the design and structural optimization analysis of materials with anisotropic properties or complex geometries.
Article
Mechanics
An Le, Sanjay Nimbalkar, Navid Zobeiry, Sardar Malek
Summary: This paper investigates the bending response of cured and uncured viscoelastic composite laminates at different loading rates using a three-dimensional multi-scale modelling framework. The study aims to understand the effect of fibre waviness on wrinkling evolution during the forming process of advanced composites. The results show that the proposed multi-scale modelling framework is effective in predicting the behaviour of viscoelastic composites with various yarn architectures.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Hamad Algamaiah, Nikolaos Silikas, David C. Watts
Summary: The study found that PFill group with addition fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) agent had significantly lower polymerization shrinkage rates compared to the comparator ECeram, regardless of the irradiation protocol. In contrast, the PFlow group exhibited comparable results to EFlow and ECeram under different irradiation protocols. Overall, PFill consistently showed lower shrinkage stress results than ECeram and were comparable for both high irradiance protocols.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao-Ying Li, Shuang-Lin Zou, Ling-Ping Xiao, Wen-Zhen Yin, Run-Cang Sun
Summary: In this study, industrial alkali lignin was used to prepare low-carbon and environmentally friendly bio-based epoxy thermosetting materials, resulting in improved tensile strength and elongation compared to common BADGE polymers. This work offers a practical approach for the valorization of lignin towards sustainable bioplastics in a circular bioeconomy context.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter R. Judzewitsch, Nathaniel Corrigan, Edgar H. H. Wong, Cyrille Boyer
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of a novel photosensitive acrylate monomer for use in photoinduced polymerisation and antibacterial applications. Incorporating the photosensitiser into antimicrobial polymers increases bactericidal efficacy against S. aureus, achieving a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Dominic P. Laverty, Owen Addison, David Newsum, Geoffrey Bateman
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to describe the range of complications and issues that affected the oral rehabilitation treatment of patients with head and neck cancer who had completed implant-retained prosthodontic rehabilitation. The study found that complications were variable and common in this patient group, which could delay the treatment process and lead to repeating or restarting clinical and laboratory stages of treatment.
JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Andres Stricker, Thomas Bergfeldt, Tobias Fretwurst, Owen Addison, Rainer Schmelzeisen, Rene Rothweiler, Katja Nelson, Christian Gross
Summary: The study found exogenous metal contaminants and other impurities in commercial titanium dental implants, which may provoke immunological reactions despite conforming to standard compositions. Further investigation into the clinical relevance of these findings and discussion on the adjustment of industry standards are warranted.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Harsimrat Kaur, Tsolmonbaatar Khurelbaatar, James Mah, Giseon Heo, Paul W. Major, Dan L. Romanyk
Summary: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of material selection and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics. The study found that different materials exerted varying forces and moments on the teeth, and the thermoforming process had an effect on the mechanical properties of certain polymers. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating material properties after thermoforming for clinical application.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Solbee Seo, Conor A. Ruzycki, Warren H. Finlay, Dan L. Romanyk, Andrew R. Martin
Summary: This study found that there are differences in the responses of children and adults to aerosols of different sizes due to differences in physiology and breathing patterns. Currently, there is no standardized method to measure the filtration efficiency of children's masks to reflect these differences. The results showed that lower face velocity for children leads to higher filtration efficiency, lower pressure drop, and higher filter qualities for children's masks. For woven masks, the filtration efficiency for particles larger than 0.04 mm was low.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suzanne Morsch, Charlie R. Wand, Simon Gibbon, Mark Irwin, Flor Siperstein, Stuart Lyon
Summary: Understanding the interactions at the polymer/metal oxide interface is crucial for improving the performance of corrosion resistant coatings. In this study, we investigated how the structure of a crosslinker affects its adsorption and incorporation into the network. We found that the crosslinker has two distinct binding modes on both hematite and goethite, with hydrogen bonding modes observed on goethite limiting interconversion between the two. Additionally, we discovered that binding persists in fully cured composite samples, determining the levels of residual amine. Unlike previous studies using a different crosslinker, we found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite specimens is independent of the added hematite and goethite volumes.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Alex Yang, Dan Romanyk, James D. Hogan
Summary: A numerical approach combining finite element modeling and machine learning is used to predict the material performance of alumina ceramic tiles under high-velocity impact. The study simulates the tiles using a user-defined material model within the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in LS-DYNA finite element software. By matching the results from plate impact experiments and ballistic testing, the computational model is verified and used to generate training data for an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the residual velocity and projectile erosion. This study demonstrates the capability of the FEM-ANN approach in studying high-velocity impact on ceramic tiles, providing valuable insights for the design of ceramic-based protection systems.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zahra Zaiemyekeh, Haoyang Li, Saman Sayahlatifi, Min Ji, Jie Zheng, Dan L. Romanyk, James D. Hogan
Summary: This study uses finite element modeling to investigate the stress-state- and strain-rate-dependent behavior of CeramTec ALOTEC 98% alumina ceramic. The validated model reveals the effects of different parameters on the material response under various stress conditions. The study provides insights for the computational design and development of ceramic-based structures in higher-scale applications.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Guilherme S. Medeiros, Luis F. M. Oliveira, Filipe Ferreira, Lucas P. Souza, Richard A. Martin, Ivone R. de Oliveira, Joao H. Lopes
Summary: In this study, we synthesized and characterized sol-gel bioactive glasses containing niobium (Nb) and gallium (Ga). It was found that the addition of Ga3+ into the glass network increased the network connectivity and polymerization of the glass. Additionally, the substitution of Ga2O3 for CaO decreased the ionicity of the chemical bonds and reduced the solubility of the glass.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Grace T. Flaman, Nicole D. Boyle, Cyprien Vermelle, Tyler A. Morhart, Bdhanya Ramaswami, Stuart Read, Scott M. Rosendahl, Garth Wells, Liam P. Newman, Noah Atkinson, Sven Achenbach, Ian J. Burgess
Summary: This article presents a method for chemical mapping in microfluidic devices for measuring the distribution of chemical species on flow. The implementation of an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) imaging approach is described. Simplified one-dimensional simulations can be used to solve the mass transport problem in a faster way.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Farah N. S. Raja, Tony Worthington, Richard A. Martin
Summary: With the development of nanotechnology, there is growing interest in the antimicrobial potential of metals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of metallic copper, cobalt, silver, and zinc nanoparticles against various bacteria strains. The results showed that the metal nanoparticles exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with varying degrees of sensitivity among different strains.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Marina Guimaraes Roscoe, Jack McSweeney, Owen Addison
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a vacuum impregnation process to eliminate the porosity at the ceramic-resin interface to optimize the reinforcement of a glass-ceramic by resin cementation. The results showed a significant increase in flexural strength of the samples treated with the vacuum impregnation technique. This study highlights the importance of developing thin conformal resin coatings for strengthening dental glass-ceramics.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Salvatore Sauro, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Carmela Del Giudice, Davino M. Andrade Neto, Pierre B. A. Fechine, Xiaohui Chen, Sandro Rengo, Xiaojing Chen, Victor P. Feitosa
Summary: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, chemical and structural properties of fluoride-doped calcium-phosphates as potential remineralising materials for dental applications. Experimental calcium phosphates were tested for their ability to crystallise into apatite-like and their fluoride release. The materials showed biocompatibility and the ability to promote cell proliferation, indicating their potential use as remineralising materials in dentistry.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Lindsay Robertson, Brandon Owen, Gieson Heo, Jason P. Carey, Paul W. Major, Dan L. L. Romanyk
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical differences in transverse arch expansion using straight and mushroom fixed lingual appliances with coil springs or stops. The use of a straight lingual archwire resulted in larger differences in forces and moments between using stops and coil springs compared to a mushroom archwire. Stops produced larger forces and moments for both archwires compared to coil springs. The largest expansion forces were produced using straight archwires with stops, exceeding 3.0 N.
ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander P. Morrell, Richard A. Martin, Helen M. Roberts, Hiram Castillo-Michel, J. Frederick W. Mosselmans, Kalotina Geraki, Adrian T. Warfield, Paul Lingor, Wasif Qayyum, Daniel Graf, Maria Febbraio, Owen Addison
Summary: Exposure to exogenous particles is a growing concern for human health. To understand the associated biological response, it is important to characterize the concentrations, chemical species, distribution, and involvement of the stimulus with the tissue microanatomy. However, no single imaging technique can capture all these features at once, which limits correlative analyses. Developing synchronous imaging strategies that can identify multiple features simultaneously is crucial for assessing spatial relationships with greater confidence.