Toward reference intervals for shellfish: An illustrative case of feeding and respiratory activities in the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Background The Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology and the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute provide a framework for establishing reference intervals of physiological parameters in reputedly healthy individuals, humans, and terrestrial animals, respectively. This framework was applied for the first time to the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Reference intervals (RIs) would, first, be of interest for research purposes, including pathophysiology studies. RI determination is the first step before considering the use of RIs for field applications by farmers and marine shellfish health services. Objectives The purpose of this study was to propose reference intervals of feeding and respiration parameters, the clearance rate (CR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in a reference population of hatchery-reared diploid Pacific oysters. Methods A de novo, a priori, and a direct approach were applied. The reference values acquired from 214 healthy diploid C gigas (total wet weight 6.23-83.64 g, DW 0.06-1.87 g) were analyzed using a non-parametric statistical method. Results Reference intervals were proposed for CR, 0.7-4.1 L/h/g dry flesh weight (DW), and OCR, 0.4-1.3 mg O2/h/g DW in C gigas in a seawater at a temperature of 22celcius and a salinity of 32 parts per thousand. Animals were fed 30-40 cells/mu L of Isochrysis affinis galbana. The confidence intervals at 90% of the upper limits of the two parameters were found to be higher than those of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Conclusions Obtaining reference intervals is an important step and must be completed by proposed decision limits to facilitate the early detection of health disorders in C gigas.