4.6 Article

Computational SN2-Type Mechanism for the Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolate with Fluoroform through Bimetallic C-F Bond Dual Activation

Journal

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 22, Issue 26, Pages 8796-8800

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601090

Keywords

carbenoids; computational chemistry; fluorine; nucleophilic substitution; reaction mechanisms

Funding

  1. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
  2. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15KT0142, 16H00853] Funding Source: KAKEN

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The reaction mechanism for difluoromethylation of lithium enolates with fluoroform was analyzed computationally (DFT calculations with the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method and solvation model based on density (SMD) solvation model (THF)), showing an S(N)2-type carbon-carbon bond formation; the bimetallic lithium enolate and lithium trifluoromethyl carbenoid exert the C-F bond dual activation, in contrast to the monometallic butterfly-shaped carbenoid in the Simmons-Smith reaction. Lithium enolates, generated by the reaction of 2 equiv. of lithium hexamethyldisilazide (rather than 1 or 3 equiv.) with the cheap difluoromethylating species fluoroform, are the most useful alkali metal intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important alpha-difluoromethylated carbonyl products.

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