Review
Microbiology
Ana Vazquez-Pagan, Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Summary: This article highlights the high risk of severe influenza for pregnant women, newborns, and infants under six months old, emphasizing the importance of vertically transferred immunity. It summarizes novel insights from recent studies and discusses the impact of maternal antibodies on early life immunity, stressing the need for continued research using pregnant animal models and including pregnant women in evaluating novel vaccine platforms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Auladell, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Le Thi Quynh Mai, Yeu-Yang Tseng, Louise Carolan, Sam Wilks, Pham Quang Thai, David Price, Nguyen Thanh Duong, Nguyen Le Khang Hang, Le Thi Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong, Tran Thi Kieu Huong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep, Vu Thi Ngoc Bich, Arseniy Khvorov, Luca Hensen, Tran Nhu Duong, Katherine Kedzierska, Dang Duc Anh, Heiman Wertheim, Scott D. Boyd, Kim L. Good-Jacobson, Derek Smith, Ian Barr, Sheena Sullivan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Annette Fox
Summary: Recent prior influenza A infection enhances antibody responses to subsequent influenza vaccination and broadens the reactivity to different strains. Immunological memory induced by prior infection plays an important role in vaccine responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah Law, Melanie Mach, Annett Howe, Solange Obeid, Brad Milner, Cate Carey, Maxine Elfis, Bertha Fsadni, Katherine Ognenovska, Tri Giang Phan, Diane Carey, Yin Xu, Vanessa Venturi, John Zaunders, Anthony D. Kelleher, C. Mee Ling Munier
Summary: Using ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy, we found that specific subsets of germinal center cells only expanded within the draining lymph nodes five days after vaccination. The germinal center Tfh and precursor-Tfh cells in the draining lymph nodes expressed higher levels of activation, motility, and proliferation markers compared to the contralateral lymph nodes. These findings reveal the early expansion phase of the human Tfh lineage within lymph nodes during a vaccine-induced memory response and suggest that early lymph node immune responses may not be reflected in the periphery.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Entao Li, Xiaoping Guo, Dongxiang Hong, Qizan Gong, Wenyu Xie, Tingting Li, Jian Wang, Xia Chuai, Sandra Chiu
Summary: This study found that individuals vaccinated with smallpox vaccine in China still maintain a certain level of humoral immunity, particularly targeting the A35R and B6R antigens. Additionally, there is a linear correlation between VTT-specific IgG antibodies and A35R-specific IgG, B6R-specific IgG, and A29L-specific IgG antibodies.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Randall Toy, M. Cole Keenum, Pallab Pradhan, Katelynn Phang, Patrick Chen, Chinwendu Chukwu, Lily Anh H. Nguyen, Jiaying Liu, Sambhav Jain, Gabrielle Kozlowski, Justin Hosten, Mehul S. Suthar, Krishnendu Roy
Summary: The study suggests that simultaneous engagement of small molecule adjuvant R848 and RNA adjuvant PUUC can induce robust cellular immune responses in both mice and human cells, enhancing the effectiveness of flu vaccines.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Allison S. Thomas, Carolyn Coote, Yvetane Moreau, John E. Isaac, Alexander C. Ewing, Athena P. Kourtis, Manish Sagar
Summary: This study examines the transmission of HIV-1 from mothers to infants and the role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in preventing transmission. The findings suggest that infants exposed to more ADCC-susceptible strains and higher pretransmission ADCCBP are less likely to acquire HIV-1. Higher preexisting infant neutralization BP and greater maternal virus neutralization sensitivity do not associate with transmission.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rodrigo B. Abreu, Greg A. Kirchenbaum, Giuseppe A. Sautto, Emily F. Clutter, Ted M. Ross
Summary: This study systematically profiles and compares the immune response to recurrent influenza virus vaccination in young and elderly participants, uncovering the pitfalls of current influenza virus vaccines in high-risk populations. Specifically, the antibody serological and memory B-cell compartments were profiled, and multiparametric analysis revealed a transient increase in strain-specific antibodies in the elderly, but with an impaired recall response of pre-existing memory B-cells, plasmablast differentiation and long-lasting serological changes.
Article
Immunology
Rhiannon R. Penkert, Nehali Patel, Richard J. Webby, Ted M. Ross, Julia L. Hurwitz
Summary: Research has shown that the timing of vaccination significantly impacts the immune response to influenza vaccines, as changes in host lifestyles and viral infection frequencies throughout different seasons can alter vaccine immunogenicity. Therefore, routine assessment of inoculation month in clinical studies is recommended to inform data interpretation and expedite successful vaccine development within and beyond the field of influenza virus.
Review
Immunology
Ashleigh R. Murphy-Schafer, Silke Paust
Summary: Mast cells are initially implicated as a source of immunopathology in severe influenza, but emerging evidence suggests they also play a crucial role in suppressing inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Angela M. Phillips, Katherine R. Lawrence, Alief Moulana, Thomas Dupic, Jeffrey Chang, Milo S. Johnson, Ivana Cvijovic, Thierry Mora, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Michael M. Desai
Summary: Research has shown that two naturally isolated influenza broadly neutralizing antibodies (CR9114 and CR6261) exhibit different patterns of affinity, with CR9114 displaying significant constraints in affinity for different antigens and showing higher affinity in specific combinations, while CR6261 is less restricted in breadth to more similar antigens.
Article
Immunology
Janna R. Shapiro, Huifen Li, Rosemary Morgan, Yiyin Chen, Helen Kuo, Xiaoxuan Ning, Patrick Shea, Cunjin Wu, Katherine Merport, Rayna Saldanha, Suifeng Liu, Engle Abrams, Yan Chen, Denise C. Kelly, Eileen Sheridan-Malone, Lan Wang, Scott L. Zeger, Sabra L. Klein, Sean X. Leng
Summary: The study found that pre-existing antibody levels to influenza are crucial for the immune response post-vaccination in older adults, with pre-vaccination titers being associated with age and sex. Older males appear to be particularly vulnerable to reduced pre-existing humoral immunity to influenza compared to females.
Article
Biology
Angela M. Phillips, Daniel P. Maurer, Caelan Brooks, Thomas Dupic, Aaron G. Schmidt, Michael M. Desai
Summary: This study analyzes the evolution process of a broadly neutralizing antibody that neutralizes diverse variants of a particular virus and discovers that there is non-additive interaction between heavy chain and light chain mutations at the receptor binding site. The study also reveals a hierarchical pattern of these interactions across different affinity levels of the antigen. These findings provide insights into the importance of interactions between heavy chain and light chain mutations in antibody evolution.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Girija Goyal, Pranav Prabhala, Gautam Mahajan, Bruce Bausk, Tal Gilboa, Liangxia Xie, Yunhao Zhai, Roey Lazarovits, Adam Mansour, Min Sun Kim, Aditya Patil, Danielle Curran, Jaclyn M. Long, Sanjay Sharma, Abidemi Junaid, Limor Cohen, Thomas C. Ferrante, Oren Levy, Rachelle Prantil-Baun, David R. Walt, Donald E. Ingber
Summary: In this study, researchers successfully cultured human ectopic lymphoid follicles with similar characteristics to lymphoid follicles in a microfluidic chip. These follicles showed improved immune responses to vaccines and can serve as an alternative to non-human primates for preclinical evaluation.
Article
Virology
Minhui Guan, Sherry Blackmon, Alicia K. Olivier, Xiaojian Zhang, Liyuan Liu, Amelia Woolums, Mark A. Crenshaw, Shengfa F. Liao, Richard Webby, William Epperson, Xiu-Feng Wan
Summary: This study investigates the interaction and pathogenesis during coinfection of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in pigs. The results suggest that the interference between the two viruses is primarily due to the proinflammatory response and depends on the time and order of infection. Furthermore, IAV inhibits the viral shedding and replication of IDV, especially in the upper respiratory tract of pigs.
Article
Immunology
Jenna M. Kastenschmidt, Suhas Sureshchandra, Aarti Jain, Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies, Rafael de Assis, Zachary W. Wagoner, Andrew M. Sorn, Mahina Tabassum Mitul, Aviv I. Benchorin, Elizabeth Levendosky, Gurpreet Ahuja, Qiu Zhong, Douglas Trask, Jacob Boeckmann, Rie Nakajima, Algimantas Jasinskas, Naresha Saligrama, D. Huw Davies, Lisa E. Wagar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different antigen formats on mucosal adaptive immune responses using a human tonsil organoid model. The results showed significant differences in the B and T cell responses elicited by different antigen formats, which led to changes in the corresponding antibody response. The ability of antigen formats to recruit naive and memory B and T cells to the response was identified as a major source of variability.
