Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Majid Ali, Khan Faqir, Bilal Haider, Khurram Shahzad, Nosheen Nosheen
Summary: The potential impact of BRI on the South Asian environment needs attention, and the study suggests that partner countries should adopt the principles of environmental impact assessment.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Economics
Yaoming Zhou, Tanmoy Kundu, Mark Goh, Jiuh-Biing Sheu
Summary: The paper examines the Air Transportation Network (ATN) structure of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries, using a multi-layer weighted betweenness metric to rank the hubs in the network based on connectivity, distance, and traffic. This analysis is then applied to quantify the centrality of maritime and rail hubs, with recommendations for new hubs to enhance the international trading reach of the BRI.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Melinda Davies, Nathanial Matthews
Summary: The Belt and Road Initiative from China is expected to have significant impacts on the water resources landscape in Central Asia. Despite the diverse ways the initiative may interact with water resources dynamics, current policies and proposals lack explicit considerations for water resources. This article calls for further research on water management within the BRI and offers recommendations to mitigate negative impacts and promote sustainable development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Area Studies
Janet Xuanli Liao
Summary: China's oil investment in Central Asia in the late 1990s was not driven by energy needs or geopolitical ambitions, but rather by concerns over the safety of its western boundary. Despite becoming a key player in the region, China has faced challenges and criticisms, and may need to reconsider its diplomatic approach to accommodate different political perspectives.
Editorial Material
Area Studies
Hong Yu
Summary: Despite China's claims, the Belt and Road Initiative is facing increasing negative perceptions globally. In response to criticism, China has promised to adjust the initiative to benefit all participating countries. However, the implementation remains China-centric and lacks a multilateral decision-making process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ASIA
(2023)
Article
Management
Jiatao Li, Gongming Qian, Kevin Zheng Zhou, Jane Lu, Bin Liu
Summary: This editorial provides an overview and review of research on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), suggesting a need for more focus on organizational heterogeneity and policy effects in future studies. It calls for further investigation into the consequences of BRI on various aspects such as international business, innovation, entrepreneurship, and corporate social responsibility. Additional attention is also recommended to be given to incorporating the unique characteristics of different players involved in the BRI theme.
ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Area Studies
Nienke van Twillert, Solmaria Halleck Vega
Summary: This Research Note provides empirical evidence on the debt implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by analyzing the impact of external debt and other factors on the economies of the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor. The study finds that debt service and infrastructure have a positive effect on the economies, highlighting the potential opportunities and challenges for the BRI.
EURASIAN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Madina Tursumbayeva, Aset Muratuly, Nassiba Baimatova, Ferhat Karaca, Aiymgul Kerimray
Summary: This study investigated PM2.5 temporal variations and the influence of meteorological parameters on PM2.5 concentrations in six major cities in Central Asia. The results show severe air quality deterioration with annual PM2.5 concentrations up to tenfold higher than the limits. Coal combustion is identified as the primary source of PM2.5 pollution in most cities.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kaihui Li, Xuejun Liu, Fengzhan Geng, Wen Xu, Jinling Lv, Anthony J. Dore
Summary: The study found significant spatial heterogeneity in atmospheric nitrogen deposition in arid Central Asia, with varying deposition velocities. Nitrogen deposition varied across different ecosystems, with the order being desert < grassland < desert-grassland < forest < farmland < city/suburb.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xuming Wang, Xianrui Yu, Xiaobing Yu
Summary: China's Belt and Road initiative has garnered significant attention globally. However, natural disasters pose substantial challenges to the economic construction along the Belt and Road. Southeast Asia, being a prominent passage of the Maritime Silk Road, frequently experiences floods. Evaluating flood risks and enhancing disaster emergency management are crucial. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, this study focuses on the vulnerability of Southeast Asian countries to flood disasters, using the number of deaths, victims, frequency of occurrence, and economic losses as factors. The relative efficiency values indicate that Laos, Malaysia, and Cambodia are most susceptible to floods, followed by Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Vietnam exhibits relatively lower vulnerability. In summary, Southeast Asia faces high flood risk, necessitating risk assessment to ensure the successful implementation of the Belt and Road initiative.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cuixia Gao, Mingyue Zhu, Mei Sun, Anna Gao
Summary: This research paper investigates the changes of air pollution inequality induced by trade among countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) route from 2011 to 2016. The findings reveal evident spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the unequal relations among BRI economies, with weak inequalities dominating and strong inequalities being relatively scarce. Moreover, Singapore possesses a unique dual identity among BRI countries. The paper suggests that the environmental inequality system of the BRI is not as complex as previously thought.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Md Sariful Islam, Shimul Roy, Tanmoy Roy Tusher, Mizanur Rahman, Ryley C. Harris
Summary: This study assessed the spatio-temporal variations of PM2.5 and its health impacts in the South Asian region. The results revealed that Bangladesh had the highest PM2.5 concentration, while Maldives and Sri Lanka had lower concentrations compared to WHO standards. All South Asian countries, except Maldives, experienced an increasing trend of PM2.5. New Delhi had the highest PM2.5 concentration among major cities, and the highest concentrations were found during the pre-monsoon season.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Wei Ma, Na Bo, Yang Song, Fuwei Qiao
Summary: This paper examines the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on poverty reduction and its internal mechanism through the difference-in-difference model. The results show that the BRI significantly reduces poverty incidence, achieves poverty reduction through trade and investment openness, and has a greater effect on poverty reduction in landlocked countries and low-middle income countries.
DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junqiang Yao, Xinchun Liu, Wenfeng Hu
Summary: By studying the precipitation delta O-18 content and moisture transport in Central Asia, the spatial-temporal characteristics and relationships with environmental variables were revealed. These results not only improve our understanding of precipitation delta O-18 and moisture transport in Central Asia, but also provide insights into paleoclimatology and hydrology processes in the region.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Iryna Heiets, Richard C. K. Yeun, Wim J. C. Verhagen, Jiezhuoma La
Summary: This paper examines the level of air transport services liberalization in Australia and provides recommendations for revising key market access features of Air Services Agreements to reflect changes in air transport characteristics. The analysis includes descriptive study, comparison analysis, and the ALI index to assess the extent of liberalization and identify necessary revisions. The findings indicate that while Australia has a high level of liberalization in cargo capacity, adjustments should be made in air service agreements with other countries to accommodate the increase in air cargo traffic during COVID-19.
Article
Transportation
Linfeng Zhang, Hangjun Yang, Kun Wang, Lei Bian, Anming Zhang
Summary: China Eastern Airlines' unprecedented "Wild Your Weekends" programme has had a positive impact on the airline's liquidity, as it forced the carrier to lower ticket prices on weekends, attracting more passengers and increasing revenue.
TRANSPORTMETRICA B-TRANSPORT DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Economics
Congyu Zhao, Kun Wang, Xiucheng Dong, Kangyin Dong
Summary: Smart transportation has a significant impact on CO2 emissions in China. The overall level of smart transportation is increasing with regional differences, and a significant spatial spillover effect is found between smart transportation and CO2 emissions.
Article
Economics
Yu Deng, Yahua Zhang, Kun Wang
Summary: This study evaluates the Chinese scheduled freighter network (CSFN) by examining its topological properties and investigates its changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CSFN displays small-world and scale-free network properties, with Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanjing as the dominant national hubs. The network has improved during the pandemic, mainly due to major hub cities strengthening their centralities with more route connections.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Hang Yuan, Kun Wang, Hangjun Yang
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of separating affiliated businesses from rail operations and the associated efficiency gain on firms' exporting decisions. An economic model shows that an improvement in rail operations efficiency increases product variety but decreases export skewness. Using China's rail reform as a quasi-natural experiment, this study empirically verifies and quantifies the findings, finding that separating affiliated businesses significantly improves the efficiency of China's rail operations, leading to increased rail exports with more variety and reduced skewness.
Article
Economics
Linfeng Zhang, Meng Hou, Yichen Liu, Kun Wang, Hangjun Yang
Summary: This study measures Beijing's international air connectivity and found that Beijing lags behind other major counterparts due to inferior connection quality. As China's trade and economic ties with Belt-and-Road countries grow, Beijing could consider more supportive policies for direct flight operations. Liberalizing restrictions on flight frequency and airfare, along with formulating long-term strategies, are crucial for Beijing to improve its international air connectivity.
Article
Environmental Studies
Congyu Zhao, Kangyin Dong, Shiyuan Zheng, Xiaowen Fu, Kun Wang
Summary: Although operational activities in the aviation sector inevitably bring more emissions, they also reshape the structure of the regional economy, often leading to a shift from emission-heavy industries to cleaner service sectors. The overall impact of aviation network development on the region's environmental trajectory is unclear and requires rigorous empirical study. Using data from 283 Chinese prefecture-level cities, this paper calculates a comprehensive carbon lock-in index to measure cities' reliance on emission-heavy sectors and resistance to emission reduction. The empirical results suggest that an improved aviation network development helps alleviate carbon lock-in through mechanisms such as fixed input, industrial structure upgrading, and technological innovation.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Jiaman Li, Kangyin Dong, Kun Wang, Xiucheng Dong
Summary: This study examines the impact of natural resource dependence and environmental regulation on carbon emissions in China's sustainable economic development and green recovery in the post-COVID-19 era. The findings suggest that reducing natural resource dependence and strengthening environmental regulation can effectively reduce CO2 emissions, and enhanced environmental regulation can mitigate the contribution of natural resource dependence to CO2 emissions. Additionally, the study finds that reducing natural resource dependence can indirectly accelerate carbon emissions reduction by reducing China's total energy demand and coal consumption, and promoting green technological innovation.
Article
Economics
Yilin Zhang, Anming Zhang, Kun Wang, Shiyuan Zheng, Hangjun Yang, Junjie Hong
Summary: China Railway Express (CR Express), as an emerging alternative to maritime shipping, has gained fast development in containerized cargo transportation between China and Europe. This paper examines the CO2 emissions and social welfare implications of the competition between CR Express and maritime shipping, showing that the impacts depend on the relative emission intensities of the two transport modes. The entry of CR Express and the resultant intermodal competition could increase emissions unless CR Express achieves sufficient emission efficiency. The study also highlights the influence of the number of CR Express operators, shipping carriers, and local governments' competition on emissions and welfare.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Economics
Xiaohang Ren, Gudian Zeng, Kangyin Dong, Kun Wang
Summary: Using a panel data set of 36 cities in the Sichuan-Chongqing Economic Circle in China from 2011 to 2019, this study finds that the operation of high-speed rail (HSR) significantly promotes urban tourism development. The study also confirms the positive spatial spillover effect of HSR on tourism flows. Furthermore, the impact of HSR on tourism increases over time, with a peak in the third year, and HSR has a greater impact on cities with less developed road transport and immature tertiary industries. Additionally, the study confirms the substitution effect between HSR and air transport.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Economics
Congyu Zhao, Kangyin Dong, Hong-Dian Jiang, Kun Wang, Xiucheng Dong
Summary: This study empirically examines the direct and asymmetric effects of energy poverty on carbon lock-in in China, using provincial-level data from 2002 to 2017 and the Instrumental Variable-Generalized Method of Moments (IV-GMM) estimation model. The study finds that alleviating energy poverty is essential for reducing carbon lock-in, and renewable energy technology innovation plays a moderating role in mitigating the positive impact of energy poverty on carbon lock-in. Furthermore, energy poverty directly influences carbon lock-in by inhibiting energy consumption transition and encouraging the use of transitional fossil fuels.
Article
Urban Studies
Congyu Zhao, Kun Wang, Kangyin Dong
Summary: Innovative cities rely on knowledge, science, and technology to promote development and mitigate carbon lock-in. The innovative city policy not only reduces carbon lock-in locally, but also inhibits it in neighboring cities. The policy has a long-term effect and is more effective in cities that are non-resource based, have smaller populations, and higher physical, human, and social capital. The influence mechanisms include technology and industry structure effects, and the policy effect weakens with increased distance bands.
Article
Environmental Studies
Congyu Zhao, Jianda Wang, Kangyin Dong, Kun Wang
Summary: This study uses the IV-GMM approach to assess the impact of renewable energy consumption on carbon lock-in. The findings suggest that renewable energy significantly reduces carbon lock-in, with geothermal energy having the most remarkable effect. Additionally, renewable energy has a greater impact on low carbon lock-in quantiles and can indirectly reduce carbon lock-in through technology and scale effects.
Article
Economics
Jianda Wang, Kangyin Dong, Kun Wang
Summary: China's economy and environment are in urgent need of a green recovery, and the platform economy offers a practical solution. Using the Generalized Divisia Index Method (GDIM), this study examines the impact of the platform economy on China's carbon emissions from 2013 to 2020. Overall, the platform economy has increased carbon emissions, but there was a decrease between 2014 and 2016. The scale factors of the platform economy contribute to the overall increase in carbon emissions, while the carbon intensity factors contribute to the decrease. The study also identifies differences in emissions factors among different groups during the pandemic.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Wang, Huan Jin, Shiyuan Zheng, Wen-Long Shang, Kun Wang
Summary: Bike-sharing has rapidly developed as an environmentally friendly and convenient transport mode in major cities worldwide. This study establishes an economic model to analyze duopoly bike-sharing firm competition in both prices and the number of deployed bikes. The government has implemented regulations to intervene in firm operations and maintain competition. Results show that government policies controlling bike deployment should consider the negative social externality and suggest that the supply-side policy is more socially preferred. Additionally, single-homing demand-side restrictions are not socially optimal, particularly when firms offer different services.
Article
Economics
Meng Hou, Kun Wang, Hangjun Yang, Anming Zhang
Summary: This article examines the regulator's policy choices in airport slot allocation and airlines' entry decisions in a multi-airport system. It is found that the regulator would intervene in airline allocation if it places a strong emphasis on airports/airlines' profits.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND POLICY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Valeria Bernardo, Xavier Fageda, Jordi Teixido
Summary: The study finds that flight ticket taxes have a significant impact on low-cost airlines' supply and carbon emissions, resulting in a decrease of 12% in the number of flights and a 14% reduction in carbon emissions. Additionally, the burden of the taxes is higher for passengers paying low fares, affecting avoidable flights more significantly.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Xingxing Fu, Dea van Lierop, Dick Ettema
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between multimodality and perceived transport adequacy and accessibility. The results show that multimodality is burdensome, especially for car-dependent individuals, and leads to lower perceived achievement or accessibility for those with limited access to a car.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Henrik Johansson Rehn, Lars E. Olsson, Margareta Friman
Summary: This paper presents the Framework of RoUtIne Transitions in daily travel (FRUIT), which analyzes the impact of life events on travel behavior changes and identifies the critical phases in this process. By integrating theories and concepts, the framework provides a theoretical basis for interventions aimed at improving sustainable travel. The applicability of FRUIT is illustrated through an empirical case, and the implications for future research and policy are discussed.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Peng-Cheng Xu, Qing-Chang Lu, Chi Xie, Taesu Cheong
Summary: This study investigates the resilience evaluation of interdependent networks. A model is developed to quantify the impacts of network interdependency on the resilience of interdependent transit networks, considering interdependency relations, network topology, flow characteristics, and demand distribution. The model is applied to the metro and bus networks of Xi'an, China. Results show that node degree heterogeneity in topology, bidirectional function dependency among networks, and flow matching between networks are important factors influencing network resilience.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Jeppe Rich, James Fox
Summary: Many transport models allocate all costs to the car driver without considering the cost sharing among passengers. This paper questions this premise and argues that cost sharing can occur in various forms, which should be properly accounted for in transport models. The empirical evidence from Denmark suggests that not accounting for cost sharing may result in biased cost elasticities and occupancy rates.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Jorik Grolle, Barth Donners, Jan Anne Annema, Mark Duinkerken, Oded Cats
Summary: High-speed rail is considered a promising alternative for long-distance travel, but the current state of the European HSR network is poorly connected. This study presents a customized version of network design and frequency setting problem for HSR, and analyzes the performance under various policies and design variables. The results show that considering externalities leads to more extensive networks and mode shifts, but requires high public investments. The importance of network integration and cross-border cooperation is highlighted. The findings aim to contribute to the design of an attractive and competitive European HSR network.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Economics
Mounisai Siddartha Middela, Gitakrishnan Ramadurai
Summary: This study addresses the research gaps in understanding the effect of regression models, measurement period, and spatial dependence on Freight Trip Generation (FTG) modeling and freight-related policies. The results show that the spatial Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model is the best for daily and weekly Freight Trip Production (FTP), while the non-spatial Negative Binomial (NB) model is the best for daily and weekly Freight Trip Attraction (FTA). The study also highlights the importance of considering spatial dependence and using count models with a week as the measurement period.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2024)