Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 476, Issue 2237, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0769
Keywords
ocean acidification; marine trace gases; climate; atmospheric chemistry
Categories
Funding
- International Science Council's Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
- US National Science Foundation
- Global AtmosphereWatch of theWorld Meteorological Organization
- International Maritime Organization
- University of East Anglia
- Natural Environment Research Council (UK Ocean Acidification grant) [NE/H017259/1]
- European Union [641816]
- National Science Foundation, United States (NSF) [OCE-1316133]
- H2020 CRESCENDO grant [641816]
- MTES/FRB Acidoscope project
- Phase II Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) Fund
- Ministry of Education Malaysia [IOES-2014F]
- University of Malaya Top 100 Research University [TU001D-2018]
- New Zealand CARIM (Coastal Acidification: Rate, Impacts and Management) project
- NIWA SSIF
- Global Research Laboratory Program - National Research Foundation of Korea [2013K1A1A2A02078278]
- SCOR
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Natural Environment Research Council (UK) [NE/H017259/1, NE/R012830/1]
- Research Council of Norway [295046]
- NERC-Defra Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry programme
- NERC [NE/H017259/1, NE/R012830/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013K1A1A2A02078278] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Surface ocean biogeochemistry and photochemistry regulate ocean-atmosphere fluxes of trace gases critical for Earth's atmospheric chemistry and climate. The oceanic processes governing these fluxes are often sensitive to the changes in ocean pH (or pCO(2)) accompanying ocean acidification (OA), with potential for future climate feedbacks. Here, we review current understanding (from observational, experimental and model studies) on the impact of OA on marine sources of key climate-active trace gases, including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia and halocarbons. We focus on DMS, for which available information is considerably greater than for other trace gases. We highlight OA-sensitive regions such as polar oceans and upwelling systems, and discuss the combined effect of multiple climate stressors (ocean warming and deoxygenation) on trace gas fluxes. To unravel the biological mechanisms responsible for trace gas production, and to detect adaptation, we propose combining process rate measurements of trace gases with longer term experiments using both model organisms in the laboratory and natural planktonic communities in the field. Future ocean observations of trace gases should be routinely accompanied by measurements of two components of the carbonate system to improve our understanding of how in situ carbonate chemistry influences trace gas production. Together, this will lead to improvements in current process model capabilities and more reliable predictions of future global marine trace gas fluxes.
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