Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 124, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.190503
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Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [11675136]
- Hong Kong Research Grant Council [17326616, 17300918]
- Croucher Foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation via the National Center for Competence in Research QSIT [200020_165843]
- ETH Pauli Center for Theoretical Studies
- John Templeton Foundation [61466]
- Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science
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We address the study of quantum metrology enhanced by indefinite causal order, demonstrating a quadratic advantage in the estimation of the product of two average displacements in a continuous variable system. We prove that no setup where the displacements are used in a fixed order can have root-mean-square error vanishing faster than the Heisenberg limit 1/N, where N is the number of displacements contributing to the average. In stark contrast, we show that a setup that probes the displacements in a superposition of two alternative orders yields a root-mean-square error vanishing with super-Heisenberg scaling 1/N-2, which we prove to be optimal among all superpositions of setups with definite causal order. Our result opens up the study of new measurement setups where quantum processes are probed in an indefinite order, and suggests enhanced tests of the canonical commutation relations, with potential applications to quantum gravity.
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