Article
Biology
Xi Zhu, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Amit Lazarov, Sara Such, Caroline Marohasy, Scott S. Small, Tor D. Wager, Martin A. Lindquist, Shmuel Lissek, Yuval Neria
Summary: Comparison between resilient, trauma-exposed healthy participants and trauma-exposed individuals with psychopathology reveals a resilience network connectivity signature in the right executive control network during generalization learning. The study highlights the deficient fear generalization and neural abnormalities resulting from trauma exposure, as well as the intact fear generalization in trauma-exposed individuals without significant psychopathology. These findings have important implications for developing innovative treatments targeting specific neural dysfunctions among trauma-exposed individuals across different psychopathologies.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gabriela G. Werner, Dieter Riemann, Thomas Ehring
Summary: Trauma-induced insomnia is a symptom of PTSD and fear of sleep is suggested to play a significant role in its development and maintenance. This review proposes a conceptual model of fear of sleep as a maintaining factor for trauma-induced insomnia, discussing theoretical considerations, empirical findings, and potential clinical implications.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Carole E. Siegel, Eugene M. Laska, Ziqiang Lin, Mu Xu, Duna Abu-Amara, Michelle K. Jeffers, Meng Qian, Nicholas Milton, Janine D. Flory, Rasha Hammamieh, Bernie J. Daigle, Aarti Gautam, Kelsey R. Dean, Victor Reus, Owen M. Wolkowitz, Synthia H. Mellon, Kerry J. Ressler, Rachel Yehuda, Kai Wang, Leroy Hood, Francis J. Doyle, Marti Jett, Charles R. Marmar
Summary: The study identified two clinical subtypes of PTSD in veterans using machine learning methods and blood biomarkers, showing that one subtype (S2) had more severe symptoms compared to the other subtype (S1) and healthy controls. Multi-omic blood markers were effective in distinguishing between these subtypes and healthy controls, with methylation, micro RNA, and lactate markers showing a biological role in symptom severity.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Luke J. Ney, Allison Matthews, Chia-Ming Ken Hsu, Daniel Zuj, Emma Nicholson, Trevor Steward, David Nichols, Bronwyn Graham, Ben Harrison, Raimondo Bruno, Kim Felmingham
Summary: The study found that the endocannabinoid receptor 1 and arachidonoyl ethanolamide play important roles in human fear extinction learning. The effect of FAAH gene polymorphism on fear extinction is moderated by plasma AEA level. These findings suggest that FAAH inhibitors may be effective for targeting anxiety in PTSD, but further research in clinical populations is needed.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bianca Hagedorn, Oliver T. Wolf, Christian J. Merz
Summary: The study found that generalized extinction learning can affect the activation of the fear network, but stress hormones can block this effect. Stimulus-based extinction generalization may not be sufficient to reduce fear relapses after stressful experiences.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Agnes Norbury, Sarah B. Rutter, Abigail B. Collins, Sara Costi, Manish K. Jha, Sarah R. Horn, Marin Kautz, Morgan Corniquel, Katherine A. Collins, Andrew M. Glasgow, Jess Brallier, Lisa M. Shin, Dennis S. Charney, James W. Murrough, Adriana Feder
Summary: The study suggests that improvements in PTSD symptoms under ketamine treatment are accompanied by changes in brain connectivity, such as increased activity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. This effect is more pronounced in participants who received ketamine compared to midazolam.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bianca Hagedorn, Oliver T. Wolf, Christian J. Merz
Summary: The study found that extinction generalization relies on prolonged fear processing during extinction training, leading to reduced fear-related processing after reinstatement. Cortisol administration prior to extinction training can selectively reduce fear-related activation, but has limited impact on extinction generalization activation.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rimenez R. Souza, Nicole M. Robertson, Christa K. McIntyre, Robert L. Rennaker, Seth A. Hays, Michael P. Kilgard
Summary: Studies in rodents show that a specific range of VNS intensities enhances extinction learning and reduces conditioned fear. The intensity of 0.8 mA VNS has shown significant effects in pairing with extinction training, suggesting it may be the optimal choice for using VNS as an adjuvant in exposure therapies for PTSD.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mayumi Kataoka, Megumi Hazumi, Kentaro Usuda, Emi Okazaki, Daisuke Nishi
Summary: A study of 6015 COVID-19 survivors found that individuals with preexisting psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms, and this risk may persist even as time passes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Luke J. Ney, Kevin M. Crombie, Leah M. Mayo, Kim L. Felmingham, Tim Bowser, Allison Matthews
Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in PTSD, and researchers have successfully translated findings from animal studies to human subjects using modern paradigms and methods. This approach offers the potential to gain deeper insights into the impact of endocannabinoid signaling on stress response, emotional and intrusive memories, and fear extinction in PTSD.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maycon Eduardo Matias, Thiago Rodrigues da Silva, Ana Maria Raymundi, Cristina Aparecida Jark Stern, Aleksander Roberto Zampronio
Summary: This study examined whether rats that survived sepsis develop the generalization of fear memory as a model of PTSD, and evaluated the effectiveness of interventions targeting the ET-1/cannabinoid system and glial activation in the early stages of sepsis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ronghao Mu, Susu Tang, Xiaomeng Han, Hao Wang, Danhua Yuan, Jiajia Zhao, Yan Long, Hao Hong
Summary: Generalization of visual aversion is a critical brain function for survival, but the mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. This study establishes a rapid generalization procedure for inducing visual aversion and investigates the role of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) in visual aversion generalization. The researchers discover a cholinergic circuit between MS and the medial habenula (MHb) that plays a crucial role in aversion generalization formation and extinction. The findings suggest that modulation of aversion generalization via cholinergic projections may involve M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of affective disorders.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Valerie La Buissonniere-Ariza, Kate Fitzgerald, Avner Meoded, Laurel L. Williams, Gary Liu, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch
Summary: The systematic review of functional MRI studies in youths with negative valence disorders suggests that variations in neural functioning may impact response to CBT. However, the overall weak to moderate quality and limited number of studies, as well as the heterogeneity in study designs and results, considerably restrict the conclusions that can be drawn from this literature.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuanhui Li, Nan Li, Liqun Zhang, Yanru Liu, Tianjiao Zhang, Dai Li, Dexiang Bai, Xiang Liu, Lingjiang Li
Summary: This study develops a fear-potentiated startle paradigm and a machine learning approach to accurately predict PTSD symptoms in Chinese firefighters. The machine learning model can identify firefighters with a PCL-C score of 38 or above with sensitivity and specificity both above 0.85 when 5-fold cross validated on a 1107-person sample.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Suqin Tang, Yi Yu, Qianxin Chen, Meilong Fan, Maarten C. Eisma
Summary: Many Chinese adults bereaved due to COVID-19 experience severe mental health problems, with recent loss of first-degree relatives, feeling traumatized by the loss, and having a close and/or conflictual relationship with the deceased potentially elevating the risk for these mental health issues.
JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Eamonn Kennedy, Emily L. Dennis, Hannah M. Lindsey, Terri deRoon-Cassini, Stefan Du Plessis, Negar Fani, Milissa L. Kaufman, Nastassja Koen, Christine L. Larson, Sarah Laskowitz, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Rajendra A. Morey, Mary R. Newsome, Cori Palermo, Nicholas J. Pastorek, Abigail Powers, Randall Scheibel, Soraya Seedat, Antonia Seligowski, Dan J. Stein, Jennifer Stevens, Delin Sun, Paul Thompson, Maya Troyanskaya, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Amanda A. Watts, Carissa W. Tomas, Wright Williams, Frank G. Hillary, Mary Jo Pugh, Elisabeth A. Wilde, David F. Tate
Summary: This study uses a multisite mega analysis to derive quantitative recommendations for equating scores across measures of PTSD severity. The results suggest that harmonization and covariate adjustments can significantly improve inference of scores across different instruments.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy L. Grove, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Sarah C. Griffin, Tate Halverson, Mark A. White, Shannon M. Blakey, Jean C. Beckham, Eric A. Dedert, David B. Goldston, Mary J. Pugh, Patrick S. Calhoun
Summary: This study indicates a potentially concerning association between cannabis use and suicide risk in Gulf War veterans, consistent with research on other military populations.
Review
Substance Abuse
Brienna N. Rutherford, Carmen C. W. Lim, Benjamin Johnson, Brandon Cheng, Jack Chung, Sandy Huang, Tianze Sun, Janni Leung, Gary C. K. Chan
Summary: There is a widespread presence of substance-related content, particularly those promoting or actively depicting substance use, on social media platforms. This content may have concerning influences on attitudes, behaviors, and risk perceptions, especially among adolescents and young adults who are the most vulnerable and heaviest users of social media.
Article
Psychiatry
Adam Fijtman, Ashley Clausen, MarciaKauer-Sant Anna, Rajendra Morey
Summary: This study investigated the association between trauma exposure and suicide attempt in Veterans with bipolar disorder. The results showed that individuals with bipolar disorder who experienced physical assault and childhood sexual abuse were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts. These findings highlight the importance of assessing previous trauma exposure when identifying Veterans at risk for bipolar disorder.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Delin Sun, Viraj R. Adduru, Rachel D. Phillips, Heather C. Bouchard, Aristeidis Sotiras, Andrew M. Michael, Fiona C. Baker, Susan F. Tapert, Sandra A. Brown, Duncan B. Clark, David Goldston, Kate B. Nooner, Bonnie J. Nagel, Wesley K. Thompson, Michael D. De Bellis, Rajendra A. Morey
Summary: This study used unsupervised machine learning to successfully identify spatial patterns of cortical thickness variation at the vertex level, which are not constrained by neuroanatomical features. The findings suggest that age-appropriate cortical thinning is faster in younger drinkers and slower in older drinkers, with the strongest effect observed in heavy drinkers.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Dennis, Mary R. Newsome, Hannah M. Lindsey, Maheen Adamson, Tara A. Austin, Seth G. Disner, Blessen C. Eapen, Carrie Esopenko, Carol E. Franz, Elbert Geuze, Courtney Haswell, Sidney R. Hinds II, Cooper B. Hodges, Andrei Irimia, Kimbra Kenney, Inga K. Koerte, William S. Kremen, Harvey S. Levin, Rajendra A. Morey, John Ollinger, Jared A. Rowland, Randall S. Scheibel, Martha E. Shenton, Danielle R. Sullivan, Leah D. Talbert, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Maya Troyanskaya, William C. Walker, Xin Wang, Ashley L. Ware, John Kent Werner, Wright Williams, Paul M. Thompson, David F. Tate, Elisabeth A. Wilde
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can lead to disruptions in brain structure and function, causing cognitive and psychological dysfunction. A study conducted a mega-analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from military personnel and veterans, finding that deployment-related TBI is associated with increased left lateralization in the cingulum, a white matter tract. This effect was primarily observed in individuals whose worst injury occurred before age 40.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Samuel E. E. Cooper, Joseph E. E. Dunsmoor, Kathleen A. A. Koval, Emma R. R. Pino, Shari A. A. Steinman
Summary: This study investigates the test-retest reliability of threat conditioning and generalization tasks, and finds that they have good reliability over a relatively short time interval, making them useful for evaluating behavioral interventions. However, further research is needed.
Review
Substance Abuse
Tianze Sun, Aathavan Anandan, Carmen C. W. Lim, Katherine East, Steve S. Xu, Anne C. K. Quah, Brienna N. Rutherford, Benjamin Johnson, Yaqi Qi, Daniel Stjepanovic, Janni Leung, Jason P. Connor, Coral Gartner, Wayne D. Hall, Giang Vu, Gary C. K. Chan
Summary: This meta-analytic review estimated the prevalence of heated tobacco products (HTPs) use worldwide. The study found that the prevalence of HTP use increased in the European Region (EUR) and Western Pacific Region (WPR) between 2015 and 2020, with approximately 5% of the population having ever tried HTPs and 1.5% identifying as current users.
Article
Substance Abuse
Carmen C. W. Lim, Tianze Sun, Coral Gartner, Jason Connor, Marco Fahmi, Wayne Hall, Sam Hames, Daniel Stjepanovic, Gary Chan, Janni Leung
Summary: This study aimed to identify themes in medicinal cannabis tweets from US jurisdictions with different legal statuses. The study found that most tweets were related to policy, therapeutic value, and sales and industry opportunities. Further attention should be given to unsubstantiated health claims, adverse effects, and crime.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Carmen C. W. Lim, Janni K. Y. Leung, Shannon Gravely, Coral Gartner, Tianze Sun, Vivian Chiu, Jack Y. C. Chung, Daniel Stjepanovic, Jason Connor, Roman W. Scheurer, Wayne Hall, Gary C. K. Chan
Summary: The shifting landscape in Australia's tobacco and cannabis policies and emerging new products and modes of administration may increase experimentation and the risks of addiction to these drugs. A four-class solution was identified: co-use of tobacco and cannabis, cannabis-only, tobacco-only, and non-user. Mental health issues and poly-substance use were more common among the co-users of cannabis and tobacco. Existing policies need to minimize cannabis and tobacco-related harms.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Eric B. B. Elbogen, Robert C. C. Graziano, Gillian LaRue, Alicia J. J. Cohen, Dina Hooshyar, H. Ryan Wagner, Jack Tsai
Summary: Research suggests a potential link between food insecurity and subsequent suicidal ideation in veterans. This study aims to investigate if and how food insecurity predicts suicidal ideation in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of veterans.
ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
R. D. Shura, H. M. Miskey, S. McDonald, J. A. Rowland, S. L. Martindale, H. R. Wagner, L. A. Tupler
Summary: This study validated the correlation between the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Suicidal Ideation (SUI), Suicide Potential Index (SPI), and S_Chron scales and chronic and acute suicide risk factors and symptom validity measures. The results showed that all three suicide scales were significantly related to independent indicators of suicidality, with the SUI scale having the strongest association and the highest resistance to response bias. They were also significantly related to major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and traumatic brain injury.
SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sabrina M. Richardson, Jacqueline C. Pflieger, Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman, Ernestine C. Briggs, John A. Fairbank, Valerie A. Stander
Summary: Military separation is a vulnerable point for service members, but its impact on children's behavior is unclear. This study found that separation did not predict externalizing symptoms in military-connected children, but non-military spouse employment and parenting alliance may moderate this relationship.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Diane Elmore Borbon, Elizabeth Tant Blackmon, John A. Fairbank
Summary: This article introduces an initiative to provide trauma-informed mental health services to unaccompanied children who have been separated from their parents upon arrival in the United States. The article summarizes the target population, method, and results of the services provided, and offers lessons learned and recommendations to inform future practice and policy development.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
H. Ryan Wagner, Megan Lanier, Kiera Molloy, Lynn Van Male, Eric B. Elbogen
Summary: This study investigated the association between rates of anger/hostility and suicidality in post-9/11 veterans over time, finding that higher levels of combat exposure were associated with higher levels of anger/hostility and suicidality. The number of years post-separation did not decrease the rates of suicidality among veterans, but the levels of anger/hostility decreased with increasing time since separation for veterans with above-median combat exposure.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)