Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mahvash Afzal, Pratibha Sharma
Summary: This study conducted design and performance analysis for a 10 kWh metal hydride based hydrogen storage system with distinctive heat transfer enhancements. The system showed improved performance under different operating conditions, achieving up to 90% absorption in 7200 s at optimal conditions. The addition of the heat transfer enhancements significantly enhanced reactor performance with minimal increase in system weight.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Quan Li, Zhuoya Peng, Wenbin Jiang, Liuzhang Ouyang, Hui Wang, Jiangwen Liu, Min Zhu
Summary: A series of Ti-Zr-Cr-Fe alloys have been designed for a metal hydride hydrogen compressor through orthogonal experiments. The effects of substitution and over-stoichiometry on hydrogen storage properties were investigated, with the (Ti0.85Zr0.15)(1.05)Cr1.1Fe0.9 alloy selected for its maximum storage capacity.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Sadhasivam Thangarasu, Tae Hwan Oh
Summary: Hydrogen storage systems (HSS) play a crucial role in hydrogen energy systems (HES) due to their clean behavior and potential as a green energy source. However, HSS face challenges such as low density, storage conditions, and safety. Encapsulating magnesium-based hydrides (Mg-H) in gas-selective polymers has been shown to improve hydrogen uptake and sorption kinetics by preventing oxidation and contamination.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alok Kumar, P. Muthukumar
Summary: This study reports the bed poisoning characteristics of CO2 as a gaseous impurity in the La0.9Ce0.1Ni5 based Metal Hydride Hydrogen Purification System (MHHPS) and the regeneration of the poisoned bed. The experimental results show that the MHHPS is capable of delivering 99.99% pure hydrogen for CO2 impurities up to 20%, but for higher impurity levels (20-50%), the purity ranges from 97.3% to 99.8%. The absorption capacity of the MHHPS significantly decreases when CO2 is present as an impurity, ranging from 0.92 wt% to 0.67 wt% for impurities of 10-50%. However, through bed regeneration, the alloy can be regenerated and achieve a storage capacity of 1.27 wt% in 200 seconds within 2-3 regeneration cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jussara Barale, Federico Nastro, Davide Violi, Paola Rizzi, Carlo Luetto, Marcello Baricco
Summary: This study comprehensively presents the on-site compression of green hydrogen using metal hydrides, including the setup of a metal hydride compressor and the energy consumption and efficiency considerations. The compressor achieves compression of hydrogen from 28 bar to 250 bar, with high isentropic efficiency and average hydrogen flowrate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gustav Ek, Oystein S. Fjellvag, Ponniah Vajeeston, Jeff Armstrong, Martin Sahlberg, Ulrich Haussermann
Summary: The study investigates the vibrational properties of HEA-based metal hydrides using inelastic neutron scattering, revealing the presence of hydrogen atoms at both tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the structure. This unique vibrational behavior is attributed to the differences in atomic radii leading to internal strain within the disordered lattice of HEAs.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Alok Kumar, P. Muthukumar
Summary: The present study investigates the poisoning effect of CH4 as gaseous impurities in a La0.9Ce0.1Ni5 based Metal Hydride Hydrogen Purification System (MHHPS). The impurity level was varied between 10% and 50% by weight in the H-2 gas mixture, and cyclic tests were performed with 10% impurity. The system delivered 99.9995% pure hydrogen for 10-20% impure gas mixture. The cyclic study showed a decrease in hydrogen absorption for impurity levels between 50% and 90%. The regeneration of the poisoned Metal Hydride (MH) bed was more effective at desorption temperatures above 90 degrees C.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hoang Mai Luong, Tu Anh Ngo, Minh Thien Pham, Yiping Zhao, George Keefe Larsen, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Tho Duc Nguyen
Summary: Magnetism in curved nano-geometries has led to the exploration of a hexagonally-packed array of magnetic nano-caps as a sensing element for the spark-free magnetic-circular-dichroism (MCD) H-2 sensor. The MCD H-2 sensor outperforms current optical sensors and meets the performance targets set by the US Department of Energy. The sensor exhibits fast response time, high selectivity, and low limit of detection.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Jithu, G. Mohan
Summary: Self sensing/actuation materials, known as smart/intelligent materials, undergo structural and functional changes in response to external stimuli. While metal hydrides have been extensively studied for hydrogen storage, their applicability is limited due to low gravimetric storage capacity. However, their significant volumetric expansion during hydrogenation makes them potential candidates for sensors/actuators. This numerical study investigates the performance of actuator elements with LaNi5 as the hydrogen storage alloy, studying the effects of various operational and geometric parameters on hydrogenation and actuator displacement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Leilei Guo, Zhen Wu, Huan Wang, Hongli Yan, Fusheng Yang, Guangxu Cheng, Zaoxiao Zhang
Summary: A flow-through reaction model of metal hydride powder is proposed for hydrogen recovery and purification from industrial by-product hydrogen to high-purity hydrogen. The hydriding mechanism of hydrogen storage alloy in the flow-through reactor is explained. The effects of operating parameters and reactor geometrical parameters on performance optimization are systematically investigated. Overall, this work contributes to the design and development of advanced hydrogen separation and purification technology.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mahvash Afzal, Nitin Sharma, Nandlal Gupta, Pratibha Sharma
Summary: In this study, a 50 kg LaNi5 based shell and tube type metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor was investigated. The design process for the reactor was presented and its performance analysis was carried out numerically. The study found that the reactor performance was promising under the appropriate operating conditions, with the supply pressure and heat transfer fluid flow rate having little effect on the performance, and the initial bed temperature having no significant impact.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gamze Atalmis, Mehmet Demiralp, Nebi Yelegen, Yuksel Kaplan
Summary: This study investigates the process parameters that affect the improvement of hydrogen storage material properties. The thermal conductivity of the storage materials has been improved to accelerate the hydrogen charge/discharge processes and obtain the required hydrogen at desired flow rates in a short time. The experimental results show that coating the storage material with copper increases heat transfer, reduces the hydrogen charging time, and improves stable discharge time in the metal hydride reactor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ivan Romanov, Vasily Borzenko, Alexey Eronin, Alexey Kazakov
Summary: Experimental study showed that the electrostatic field had no effect on the established equilibrium in the hydrogen-alloy system, but noticeably slowed down the process of hydrogen absorption under specific conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Long Liang, Chunli Wang, Mingan Ren, Shouliang Li, Zhijian Wu, Limin Wang, Fei Liang
Summary: Introducing TiO2 and Pr6O11 for synergistic catalysis in the dehydrogenation process of AlH3 can lower the dehydrogenation temperature and increase the amount of released hydrogen. Multiple valence state conversions promote electron transfer and form a new dehydrogenation pathway.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro Longato, Mirko Vanzan, Elena Colusso, Stefano Corni, Alessandro Martucci
Summary: Crystalline tungsten trioxide thin films covered with gold and platinum nanoparticles were synthesized and used as optical sensors for gaseous hydrogen. The sensing performances were found to be strongly influenced by the catalyst used, with platinum yielding the best results. Surprisingly, gold nanoparticles also showed remarkable sensing activity, which was found to be dependent on their size.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lars J. Bannenberg, Herman Schreuders, Nathan van Beugen, Christy Kinane, Stephen Hall, Bernard Dam
Summary: In the future hydrogen economy, accurate, cost-efficient, and safe hydrogen sensors based on metal hydrides will be important. Alloying can tune the properties of hydrogen-sensing materials, as demonstrated by thin films of tantalum doped with ruthenium. The alloying effects include modifying the enthalpy of hydrogenation, shifting the pressure window for hydrogen absorption, and reducing the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the material, allowing for tunable sensitivity and a wide sensing range.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Takumi Hamaguchi, Ryusuke Nakamura, Kohta Asano, Takeshi Wada, Takeyuki Suzuki
Summary: A thin-film diffusion couple consisting of amorphous iron-boron (a-FeB) alloys with different ratios of stable isotopes of B was prepared using a sputtering technique, and the interdiffusion profiles were obtained by secondary-ion mass spectrometry to evaluate the diffusion coefficient of B in a-FeB at temperatures ranging from 533 K to 653 K. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for diffusion were determined to be 1.51 eV and 3.0 x 10-8 m2 s-1, respectively. Comparison with reported data showed that boron is the fastest diffusing element in a-FeB, and the activation energy for B diffusion is similar to that for the crystallization of iron in alpha-FeB, suggesting that B diffusion is the rate-determining process.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Victor Landgraf, Theodosios Famprikis, Joris de Leeuw, Lars Johannes Bannenberg, Swapna Ganapathy, Marnix Wagemaker
Summary: By combining experiments and simulations, researchers investigate a stable solid electrolyte, LNCl, which shows thermodynamic stability and fast lithium-ion motion. They identify LNCl as a potential protective layer for lithium-metal solid-state batteries to improve battery performance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Legree, V Charbonnier, S. Al Bacha, K. Asano, K. Sakaki, I Aubert, F. Mauvy, J. Sabatier, J-L Bobet
Summary: Hydrolysis of Magnesium with water is a promising method for high-rate H2 production, especially when alloyed with nobler elements. This study investigated the hydrogen generation properties of Magnesium-based alloys with Long Period Stacking Ordered (14 H-LPSO) structures. The results indicated that the rare earth and transition metal elements in the LPSO structure significantly influenced the corrosion and hydrolysis properties of the alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Diana Chaykina, Giorgio Colombi, Herman Schreuders, Bernard Dam
Summary: Rare-earth metal oxyhydride thin films exhibit photochromism, causing reversible darkening when exposed to high-energy light. In this study, samarium oxyhydrides were included in the range of known photochromic RE-oxyhydrides. The properties of the Sm-oxyhydride film, such as optical bandgap, lattice constant, photochromic contrast, and bleaching speed, were controlled by the deposition pressure during reactive magnetron sputtering of SmH1.9+delta and post-oxidation. The slower bleaching speeds in Sm oxyhydrides compared to other lanthanides are attributed to the stability of the Sm2+ state and the difficulty in oxidizing it back to the original RE3+ state.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Giorgio Colombi, Bart Boshuizen, Diana Chaykina, Leyi Hsu, Herman Schreuders, Tom J. Savenije, Bernard Dam
Summary: Rare-earth oxyhydride thin films exhibit reversible photochromism and photoconductivity at ambient conditions, but the underlying mechanism and relationship are not clear. In this study, in situ time-resolved measurements of optical and transport properties were performed on Gd-based oxyhydride thin films to investigate this question. It was found that the initial mechanism of charge transport is p-type large polaron conduction; however, upon photo-darkening, a 10(4)-fold increase in conductivity occurs, and n-type carriers dominate. Furthermore, both photochromism and photoconductivity were shown to originate from a single process, as the photoconductivity is exponentially proportional to the increase in optical absorption. This exponential relationship suggests that the formation of optically absorbing species responsible for photochromism is accompanied by a concerted increase in negative charge carriers in the Gd oxyhydride films.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lars J. Bannenberg, Larissa Blom, Kouji Sakaki, Kohta Asano, Herman Schreuders
Summary: Nanostructured metal hydrides have a crucial role in a hydrogen economy, as the nanostructuring or confinement of these materials significantly affects their structural and functional properties. We demonstrate that confining tantalum as a thin film extends its solubility limit, suppressing the phase transition observed in bulk upon hydrogenation. The continuous elastic deformation of the tantalum unit cell with unequal lattice constants and angles ensures volumetric expansion in the out-of-plane direction, resulting in superb performance as a hysteresis-free optical hydrogen sensor over a wide hydrogen pressure/concentration range.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. Charbonnier, R. Utsumi, Y. Nakahira, H. Enoki, K. Asano, H. Kim, T. Sato, S. Orimo, H. Saitoh, K. Sakaki
Summary: For high pressure MH compressor applications, it is important to understand the hydrogenation properties of MH forming compounds under high pressure and temperature conditions, which are still little studied. This study investigated a Ti0.90V0.30Mn1.00Ni0.80 compound with an AB2 structure using Sieverts' method, providing experimental evidence of the non-ideal behavior of hydrogen in the high-pressure region. The study also demonstrated the estimation of high-sorption pressures using low-pressure data and monitored the structural evolution of the compound under ultra-high hydrogen pressure.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shrestha Banerjee, Diana Chaykina, Rens Stigter, Giorgio Colombi, Stephan W. H. Eijt, Bernard Dam, Gilles A. A. de Wijs, Arno P. M. Kentgens
Summary: Rare earth oxyhydrides REOxH(3-2x), with RE = Y, Sc, or Gdand a cationic FCC lattice, show reversible photochromic behavior. The efficiency of the photochromism is determined by the structural details and anion composition. In this study, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations are used to investigate the local environments, oxidation states, and dynamics of yttrium, hydrogen, and oxygen in YOxH(3-2x). The results suggest that the samples consist of domains with different hydride contents rather than a homogeneous anion mixing.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Burdyny, Bernard Dam
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Lars J. Bannenberg, Raymon Bresser, Piet van der Ende, Martin van Exter, William van Goozen, Fred Naastepad, Michel A. Thijs, Malte N. Verleg, Kees de Vroege, Rien Waaijer, Ad A. van Well
Summary: The horizontal time-of-flight neutron reflectometer at the reactor of the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, has been completely renewed, relocated, and upgraded and allows for the study of air/liquid, solid/liquid, and solid/air interfaces. Innovations in the redesign include a flexible double disk chopper system, a movable second diaphragm, and guides along the entire flight path.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
