Article
Acoustics
Asis Lopez, Jenna Osborn, Rachael Irwin, Damir B. Khismatullin, Gregory T. Clement, Matthew R. Myers
Summary: This study investigated the rupture time of microbubbles injected into earthworm vessels under sonication, and confirmed the similar elastic properties between earthworm blood vessels and arteries in older humans. A modified mechanical index (MMI) was defined to capture the trends in rupture probability and rupture time for different parameter values, creating a database of vessel rupture thresholds.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sam Kushner-Lenhoff, Yuandong Li, Qinqin Zhang, Ruikang K. Wang, Xuejuan Jiang, Amir H. Kashani
Summary: This study examines the relationship between retinal capillary flux measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and systemic determinants of health. The results suggest that retinal capillary perfusion, as indicated by flux and vessel skeleton density (VSD), is associated with various systemic factors, such as age, blood pressure, diabetes status, and hematocrit. The findings highlight the potential of OCTA-derived measures to provide additional information about retinal perfusion and its relationship with overall health.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Dana L. Ruter, Ziqing Liu, Kimlynn M. Ngo, X. Shaka, Allison Marvin, Danielle B. Buglak, Elise J. Kidder, Victoria L. Bautch
Summary: Fluid shear stress from blood flow triggers a transition from active blood vessel expansion to vascular homeostasis, with SMAD6 playing a crucial role in maintaining this balance. SMAD6 functions downstream of Notch signaling and transcription regulation, rescuing flow misalignment induced by Notch loss. Upregulation of PCDH12 by SMAD6 is required for proper endothelial cell alignment in response to flow, placing SMAD6 as a key mediator between Notch1 and PCDH12 during this transition in vessel phenotype.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shoou-Jeng Yeh, Chi-Wen Lung, Yih-Kuen Jan, Fang-Chuan Kuo, Ben-Yi Liau
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases have been a leading cause of mortality in Taiwan and worldwide for decades. Detecting and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is crucial. The characteristics and changes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems play a significant role in disease prevention and diagnosis. Research findings show that stroke and hypertension patients have significantly higher blood pressure and cerebral blood flow compared to healthy individuals, indicating differences in cardiovascular control between these groups.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
S. Vinoth, Velanganni Selvaraj, Hemagowri Venkatasubramanian, Kirankumar Santhakumar
Summary: Zebrafish larva is a simple and effective model system for studying blood vessel development due to its excellent optical properties. In this study, researchers developed a simple protocol using ImageJ to observe the blood vessels of live zebrafish larva at different stages of development. The protocol was validated by treating zebrafish embryos with quercetin and analyzing the impaired development of subintestinal vein in the larvae.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Stephen C. Anco, Tamara M. Garrido, Almudena P. Marquez, Maria L. Gandarias
Summary: This study focuses on two aspects of a widely used 1D model of blood flow in a single blood vessel through symmetry analysis. The main results include the discovery of all travelling wave solutions through explicit quadrature and the derivation of three new conservation laws for inviscid flows. These solutions exhibit shock waves and sharp wave-front pulses for the blood pressure and flow. However, for viscous flows, the conservation laws are replaced by conservation balance equations with dissipative terms proportional to the friction coefficient in the model.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Alexandra A. Yakusheva, Kirill R. Butov, Georgii A. Bykov, Gabor Zavodszky, Anita Eckly, Fazly Ataullakhanov, Christian Gachet, Mikhail A. Panteleev, Pierre H. Mangin
Summary: Blood flow plays a crucial role in regulating hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. High shear rates (>3000 s(-1)) are relevant to hemostasis and not exclusive to arterial thrombosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rubina Davtyan, Narine A. Sarvazyan
Summary: Liebau pump is a valveless pump capable of creating unidirectional flow, whose biological feasibility is controversial. By using a compliance segment made of silicone rubber to mimic the Young modulus of soft tissues, quantitative relationships between viscosity, frequency, and flowrate can be derived. Liebau pump can generate flowrates comparable to peristaltic pumps in physiologically sized vessels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Yuki Hattori
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the interaction between microglia and blood vessels, especially focusing on the significance of this interaction in central nervous system development, and discusses how dysfunction in microglia and blood vessels leads to developmental disorders.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woo-Hyuk Lee, Yong-Jin Na, Hyung-Bin Lim, Jae-Yun Sung, Jung-Yeul Kim, Min-Woo Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in the inner retinal layer and microvasculature in healthy eyes with age. The results showed that the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness and macular vessel density (VD) started to decrease in the age group above 50 years, while the GC-IPL/VD ratio significantly increased in the 60s age group. Furthermore, the GC-IPL/VD ratio was positively associated with age in subjects aged 50 years and above, indicating a more pronounced decline in VD over time compared to GC-IPL thickness.
Article
Ophthalmology
Stuart K. Gardiner, Grant Cull, Brad Fortune
Summary: Higher retinal vascular resistance, indicating stiffer retinal vessels, is associated with faster functional loss in glaucoma. This finding suggests that tissue stiffening plays a role in glaucomatous damage.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yu Zhang, Jing Fang, Ying Chen, Lu Jia
Summary: The proposed Edge-Aware U-Net architecture introduces new edge-aware flows to guide the segmentation of retinal vessels, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of segmentation, especially around the edges of tiny vessels. Experimental results show that this method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and significantly boosts the performance on tiny vessels, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately segmenting retinal vessels.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Adriana Yamaguchi, Eliana Botta, Michael Holinstat
Summary: This review focuses on elucidating the biosynthesis and mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and vascular wall.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Salon, Goektug Mert Ciftci, Damir Zubac, Bostjan Simunic, Rado Pisot, Marco Narici, Per Morten Fredriksen, Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag, Harald Sourij, Omar Sery, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Bianca Steuber, Patrick De Boever, Nandu Goswami
Summary: This study investigates the changes in retinal microcirculation during a ten-day bed rest protocol. The findings suggest that the decrease in retinal venular diameter observed at the end of the bed rest period may be attributed to plasma volume losses and reflect overall cardiovascular deconditioning.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Xiaoke Xie, Xuanting Liu, Jiazhu Zhu, Yongxian Xu, Xiaojing Li, Yameng Zheng, Shangyue Gong, Xiao Xiao, Yiwen Chen, Jianmin Zhang, Wei Gong, Ke Si
Summary: This study analyses the spatiotemporal dynamics of the microglial inflammatory response during single vessel occlusion and recanalization, revealing four different response phases. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential mechanisms for vascular occlusion-related disease treatments based on the morphological features of microglial phase-specific responses.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alys R. Clark, Tet Chuan Lee, Joanna L. James
Summary: In pregnancy, fetal growth is supported by the placenta, which is nourished by maternal blood. Understanding normal vascular anatomy and placental exchange function is key to predicting and detecting pregnancy pathologies, but faces challenges due to limitations in imaging modalities and the inaccessibility of the pregnant uterus. Computational approaches provide an opportunity to connect anatomical changes to function and guide clinical focus, but also present challenges in scaling detailed models to reflect organ level function.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen J. Waite, Alys R. Clark, Vinod Suresh, Naresh Singhal, Richard J. Clarke
Summary: Nitrogen pollution of surface water systems is a global problem, and methods such as riparian buffering and the construction of artificial wetlands have proven effective. Computational modelling shows that unit performance is influenced by various factors, and splitting units into smaller sub-units can increase efficiency.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Stephen J. Waite, John E. Cater, Garry C. Waghorn, Vinod Suresh
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of three commonly used sedatives on rumen motility in sheep, finding that xylazine significantly reduced rumen contractions while acetylpromazine and diazepam had no effect. Diazepam also showed greater sedative influence than acetylpromazine, lasting approximately 20-30 minutes after administration.
SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
T. D. Jayathungage Don, V Suresh, J. E. Cater, R. J. Clarke
Summary: The lymphatic network is considered an ideal delivery system for therapeutic substances due to its ability to absorb large molecules and bypass liver metabolism. However, tracking drug molecules through this network is challenging, making computational models essential for assessing delivery strategies. This three-dimensional model quantifies the impact of factors such as drug particle size and physiological flow rates on uptake and transit times.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biology
Weiwei Ai, Vinod Suresh, Partha S. Roop
Summary: The study introduces a closed-loop respiratory pacemaker model that can automatically adapt to various respiratory conditions and metabolic demands, providing superior treatment compared to open-loop operation. By incorporating model design and biofeedback signals, the system can maintain physiological oxygen levels effectively.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Shan Su, John Rugis, Amanda Wahl, Sam Doak, Yating Li, Vinod Suresh, David Yule, James Sneyd
Summary: In this study, a mathematical model for the salivary gland duct was developed to investigate the modification process of saliva. The model utilized the realistic 3D structure of the duct and predicted the functions and secretion process of the intercalated duct based on immunostaining results. The duct model produced output that agreed with experimental measurements and exhibited realistic biological features.
BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James Sneyd, John Rugis, Shan Su, Vinod Suresh, Amanda M. Wahl, David Yule
Summary: The cytosolic concentration of free calcium ions is important for intracellular signaling, especially in salivary gland acinar cells. The spatial distribution of calcium ions plays a critical role in regulating saliva secretion. Previously, anatomically accurate three-dimensional models of salivary gland acinar cells were reconstructed, but the process was time-consuming. In this study, an alternative, mostly automated method was developed to construct approximately anatomically accurate three-dimensional cells without sacrificing quantitative accuracy.
Article
Mechanics
N. Palmada, J. E. Cater, L. K. Cheng, V. Suresh
Summary: The small intestine is important for digestion and nutrient absorption. This study developed a realistic model of flow and mixing in the small intestine and provided new tools for understanding nutrient absorption under normal and diseased conditions.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Tet Chuan Lee, Ali Moulvi, Joanna L. James, Alys R. Clark
Summary: The placenta plays a critical role in fetal development and is influenced by shear stress exerted by maternal blood flow. This study found that the syncytiotrophoblast expresses mechanosensitive proteins and motor proteins associated with cilia, with higher expression levels in early pregnancy compared to term. Computational models of blood flow at different scales showed that shear stress on the syncytiotrophoblast is higher in early pregnancy. These findings suggest that blood flow and shear stress have important effects on placental development and function from early in pregnancy.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nadun Palmada, Saeed Hosseini, Recep Avci, John E. Cater, Vinod Suresh, Leo K. Cheng
Summary: The use of computational models to study the fluid dynamics in the gastrointestinal tract has increased in recent decades. This review summarizes the methodologies used to develop computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the stomach and small intestine, and the predicted flow and mixing patterns. A literature search identified 15 studies on stomach CFD and 15 studies on small intestine CFD. The stomach models showed two main flow patterns: retropulsive flow and recirculation regions, while the flow patterns in the small intestine depended on the motility pattern.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
David Wu, Helen Petousis-Harris, Janine Paynter, Vinod Suresh, Oliver J. Maclaren
Summary: Prediction of infectious disease outbreak progression is crucial for planning and coordinating responses. A new modeling method that addresses parameterization difficulties and model misspecification can provide fast and accurate predictions while preserving the characteristics of stochastic models.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE MODELLING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Nadun Palmada, John E. Cater, Leo K. Cheng, Vinod Suresh
Summary: This study investigates peristaltic flow in the duodenum using a benchtop model and imaging techniques. The results show reversed flow underneath the roller and higher shear rates with higher viscosity fluids.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Saeed Hosseini, Recep Avci, Nira Paskaranandavadivel, Vinod Suresh, Leo K. Cheng
Summary: Gastric motility is essential for digestion and drug efficacy, with MRI being a suitable method for imaging it. Using pineapple juice as a natural contrast agent for imaging gastric motility is feasible, with promising clinical translation potential.
2021 43RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC)
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
R. T. Campbell, V Suresh, K. S. Burrowes
Summary: The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is widespread despite unknowns around their long-term health impact. ECAM is an open source, portable device for creating EC aerosol and conducting in vitro studies, developed as a low cost, automated, and customisable alternative to commercial devices.