Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages 1-28Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-191150
Keywords
Depression; glia; immune challenge; immunomodulation; inflammation; priming; probiotic; traumatic brain injury
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Funding
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC for Suicide Prevention, Aurora CO, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education
- American Foundation for Suicide Prevention [DIG 1-162-12]
- VA Merit Review CSRD grant [1I01CX001310-01A1]
- Saint Elizabeths Hospital Psychiatry Residency training program (DC Department of Behavioral Health, Washington, DC, USA)
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There is an increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to clinical and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many successful target-engaging, lesion-reducing, symptom-alleviating, and function-improving interventions in animal models of TBI have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials Timing and immunological context are paramount for the direction, quality, and intensity of immune responses to TBI and the resulting neuroanatomical, clinical, and functional course. We present components of the immune system implicated in TBI, potential immune targets, and target-engaging interventions. The main objective of our article is to point toward modifiable molecular and cellular mechanisms that may modify the outcomes in TBI, and contribute to increasing the translational value of interventions that have been identified in animal models of TBI.
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