Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Iubini, Antonio Politi, Paolo Politi
Summary: We study the nonequilibrium steady states in a one-dimensional stochastic model that approximates the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation. This model exhibits a normal phase and a condensed phase with a macroscopic fraction of energy localized on a single lattice site. Under external reservoirs, the system shows coupled transport and the Onsager coefficients satisfy an exact scaling relationship. We also find paths that partially enter the condensed region near the critical line due to the Joule effect.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
S. Kjelstrup, S. A. Ghoreishian Amiri, B. Loranger, H. Gao, G. Grimstad
Summary: This paper uses non-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe the transport of sub-cooled water across a partially frozen soil matrix caused by a temperature difference. A set of coupled transport equations of heat and mass is presented, along with the prediction of the maximum frost heave pressure. The definition and experimental determination of the transport coefficients are extensively discussed, leading to reasonable agreement with numerical and experimental results.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yunhao Sun, Xian Tang, Xiaoyan Ji, Xiaohua Lu, Xiang Ling
Summary: In this work, the DGT-PC-SAFT model was used to calculate the interfacial transport resistivities at the vapor-liquid interface. By combining the general approach with the Chebyshev spectral collocation method, a stable and efficient method was developed to solve the density profile using density gradient theory (DGT). It was found that using a suitable conformal map in the Chebyshev spectral collocation method could reduce the required collocation points for the calculation of interfacial transport resistivities significantly. Interfacial transport resistivities of n-alkane/nitrogen mixtures were predicted using the developed algorithm, revealing a certain deviation compared to those calculated with DFT-PC-SAFT, and the reason for this deviation was discussed in this paper.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bernhard Roling, Vanessa Miss, Janosch Kettner
Summary: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the development of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions for battery applications. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework for a more general classification of such electrolyte solutions based on a comparison of charge transport and mass transport. The relevance of this classification approach is demonstrated by showing that it is straightforward to classify highly concentrated electrolytes and that fast charge transport and mass transport are both essential for achieving fast Li+ transport under anion-blocking conditions.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergei A. Egorov
Summary: A monomer-resolved Density Functional Theory study was conducted to analyze the interfacial behavior of semiflexible polymers under variable solvent conditions. The study focused on the effects of chain length and persistence length on wetting transition at a wall and capillary condensation in a slit.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Oleksii Nosko
Summary: This paper defines a Jeffreys heat conduction problem for coupled semispaces with an interfacial heat source and derives an analytical solution using the Laplace transform approach. The asymptotic and parametric analysis reveals that Jeffreys heat conduction results in continuous variation of the contact temperature, while its particular case - Cattaneo heat conduction - causes a step change of the contact temperature at the initial time. The findings also show that the initial heat partition is determined by the ratios of thermal conductivities and diffusivities, as well as thermal relaxation times under different heat conduction types. The applicability of the solution is demonstrated through a simulation example of ultrashort laser pulse welding, highlighting the qualitative and quantitative impacts of heat conduction on contact temperature and heat fluxes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhe Cheng, Ruiyang Li, Xingxu Yan, Glenn Jernigan, Jingjing Shi, Michael E. Liao, Nicholas J. Hines, Chaitanya A. Gadre, Juan Carlos Idrobo, Eungkyu Lee, Karl D. Hobart, Mark S. Goorsky, Xiaoqing Pan, Tengfei Luo, Samuel Graham
Summary: Localized interfacial phonon modes have been observed at a high-quality epitaxial Si-Ge interface at around 12 THz, which significantly contribute to the total thermal boundary conductance. Through molecular dynamics simulations and experimental validation, the impact of these interfacial phonon modes on total thermal boundary conductance has been revealed.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rasmus Kronberg, Kari Laasonen
Summary: The study demonstrates that water self-ion dynamics at the solid-liquid interface is not impeded by rigid water structure, aiding ion transfer. Furthermore, differences in ideal hydration structures of ions result in distinct behavior at the water contact layer.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhiee Jhia Ooi, Caleb S. Brooks
Summary: The study benchmarks a two-group coupled model with IATE against available adiabatic phase change flow datasets. It reviews the current state of adiabatic phase-change data, two-group two-fluid model, and two-group IATE, and proposes a new interfacial mass generation model for improved accuracy. The proposed model, based on mass-energy balance, significantly enhances predicted values in flashing conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanhong Zhuang, Zhengli Guo, Qiong Zhang, Jingna Liu, Peng Fei, Bingqing Huang
Summary: In this study, alkyl gallates were enzymatically grafted onto pectin molecules, resulting in pectins with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The grafting rate was affected by the length of the alkyl chain. The acylated pectins exhibited strong antioxidant activity and antimicrobial performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Harish P. Veeravenkata, Ankit Jain
Summary: The thermal transport properties of biphenylene network, a novel sp(2)-hybridized two-dimensional allotrope of carbon atoms, are studied and found to have a lower thermal conductivity compared to graphene due to enhanced anharmonicity and reduced crystal symmetry.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuan Chi, Jialuo Han, Jiewei Zheng, Jiong Yang, Zhenbang Cao, Mohammad B. Ghasemian, Md Arifur Rahim, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, Priyank Kumar, Jianbo Tang
Summary: Understanding the interfacial contacts between liquid metals and substrate materials is crucial for the development of liquid metal technologies. This study demonstrates the efficient interfacial charge transport in a liquid metal marble network formed by encapsulating eutectic gallium indium droplets with tungsten trioxide nanoparticles. The network also shows enhanced gas-sensing response. These findings pave the way for applications of liquid metal/semiconductor contacts in soft electronics and optics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Morten Hammer, Gernot Bauer, Rolf Stierle, Joachim Gross, Oivind Wilhelmsen
Summary: We propose a classical density functional theory (DFT) based on a third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials for studying the interfacial properties of fluid mixtures influenced by quantum effects. The DFT accurately predicts the radial distribution function of pure components and mixtures, and the surface tensions of different fluids with good accuracy at temperatures above 20 K. However, below 20 K, the accuracy decreases due to limitations of the Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials. The DFT can be used for studying confined fluids and evaluating porous materials for hydrogen storage and transport.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunyi Chen, Leying Qing, Tongtong Liu, Shuangliang Zhao, Yongsheng Han
Summary: By tuning the ions arrangement at the electrode-electrolyte interface, the energy density of supercapacitors can be improved. An appropriate interfacial ion distribution is beneficial to obtaining high capacitance, highlighting an unusual solution to improve the energy density of supercapacitors.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Zavitsanos, X. Zotos
Summary: The proposed model accounts for the relationship between magnetic and phononic transport, offering a new interpretation for experimental results and highlighting the ballistic character of magnetic transport.
Article
Mechanics
Ronan Bernard, David Baumgartner, Guenter Brenn, Carole Planchette, Bernhard Weigand, Grazia Lamanna
Summary: Experimental study on the influence of miscibility and liquid wettability during droplet impact onto thin wall films reveals that differences are related to the interfacial tension of the droplet/wall-film liquid pairs. Interfacial tension plays a significant role in energy storage and crown kinetics during the impact process.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lisa Neumaier, Johannes Schilling, Andre Bardow, Joachim Gross
Summary: In this study, a physical model based on perturbation theory was proposed for the dielectric constant of pure solvents and mixtures. The model was applied to the binary mixtures methanol-water and ethylene glycol-water, and it was found that the model improved the prediction of the mixed solvent dielectric constant compared to linear mixing rules and achieved similar accuracies to volume-based and mass-based mixing rules. The model was shown to be suitable for cases with scarce experimental data.
FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thijs Van Westen, Morten Hammer, Bjorn Hafskjold, Ailo Aasen, Joachim Gross, Oivind Wilhelmsen
Summary: Applying molecular-thermodynamic theories to fluids with short-ranged attractive forces is usually challenging. However, this study shows that the uv-theory, a recent first-order perturbation theory, has the potential to describe such fluids accurately. The uv-theory is compared to higher-order perturbation theories and proves superior in describing various properties of the fluid.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
G. Lamanna, A. Geppert, R. Bernard, B. Weigand
Summary: An unsteady analytical solution is proposed to predict the spreading rate of the crown generated by an impacting droplet onto wetted walls. The modelling approach integrates the boundary layer correction into the potential flow solution and shows good agreement with experimental results. It enables a smooth transition from inertia-driven to shear-controlled crown propagation.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Christopher Kessler, Robin Schuldt, Sebastian Emmerling, Bettina V. Lotsch, Johannes Kaestner, Joachim Gross, Niels Hansen
Summary: This study investigates the adsorption isotherms of gases in COF-LZU1 using molecular simulations and reveals the significant influence of the real structure on the adsorption properties.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thijs van Westen, Joachim Gross
Summary: This paper introduces the double-hard-sphere (DHS) perturbation theory as an alternative method to improve the sensitivity issue of perturbation theories for fluids of molecules with soft-repulsive cores. By using the DHS expansion, the accuracy of predicting fluid-solid equilibria in high-density fluids can be extended, especially when applying the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) or Barker-Henderson division.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Johannes Eller, Tim Sauerborn, Beatrix Becker, Ivan Buntic, Joachim Gross, Rainer Helmig
Summary: This study assesses the impact of static and dynamic properties on the pressure field during the injection and extraction of hydrogen in the porous subsurface. A new thermodynamic model is developed and compared to alternative models. The results show that density and viscosity of hydrogen have the highest impact on the pressure field, and the developed diffusion coefficients demonstrate improved dependence on temperature and pressure.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
P. Foltyn, D. Ribeiro, A. Silva, G. Lamanna, B. Weigand
Summary: The influence of regularly patterned micro-structures on the physical outcomes of droplet impacts is not well understood. This study systematically investigates the morphology of such surfaces and finds that the outcomes of droplet impacts depend on the impact energy, surface wettability, and structure dimensions. The study also discovers that roughness features can both trigger and inhibit splashing, and identifies reproducible arrangements of air entrapment within the structure.
Article
Mechanics
J. Haerter, D. S. Martinez, R. Poser, B. Weigand, G. Lamanna
Summary: This study verifies the assumptions of theoretical studies by using PIV to measure the velocity in two different porosity porous models at different Reynolds numbers. The results indicate that large-scale turbulent structures generated by the interaction with a turbulent outer flow exist and rapidly decay within the porous medium, validating closure models for volume-averaged computational studies.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Philipp Rehner, Gernot Bauer, Joachim Gross
Summary: In this study, an open-source software package called FeOs-Framework is presented, which can be used to implement equations of state and classical density functional theory. FeOs provides interfaces and data types for thermodynamic equations and energy functionals, enabling the computation of thermodynamic properties and interfacial properties. The framework is written in Rust and has a Python interface for usability. It is available on GitHub.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Morten Hammer, Gernot Bauer, Rolf Stierle, Joachim Gross, Oivind Wilhelmsen
Summary: We propose a classical density functional theory (DFT) based on a third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials for studying the interfacial properties of fluid mixtures influenced by quantum effects. The DFT accurately predicts the radial distribution function of pure components and mixtures, and the surface tensions of different fluids with good accuracy at temperatures above 20 K. However, below 20 K, the accuracy decreases due to limitations of the Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials. The DFT can be used for studying confined fluids and evaluating porous materials for hydrogen storage and transport.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Isabel Nitzke, Rolf Stierle, Simon Stephan, Michael Pfitzner, Joachim Gross, Jadran Vrabec
Summary: The vapor-liquid equilibria and fluid interface properties of binary mixtures containing methane or cyclohexane as fuel and nitrogen or oxygen are studied. Molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory, and density gradient theory combined with the PC-SAFT equation of state (EOS) are used to obtain data. Good agreement is observed between the results of different methods and empirical EOS data. It is found that the equivalence of nitrogen to oxygen is limited, especially for methane propellant, and the disparities are particularly pronounced at low temperatures.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lisa Neumaier, Dennis Roskosch, Johannes Schilling, Gernot Bauer, Joachim Gross, Andre Bardow
Summary: The selection of improved refrigerants for heat pumps is becoming more important due to increasingly stringent regulations and new applications. The chosen refrigerants should be environmentally friendly and maximize the heat pump process performance. It has been found that the isentropic efficiency of the compressor may vary significantly depending on the refrigerant, suggesting the need for a refrigerant-dependent compressor model for refrigerant selection.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Philipp Rehner, Thijs van Westen, Joachim Gross
Summary: In this study, a Helmholtz energy functional for systems consisting of hard heterosegmented chains is developed using hard-sphere fragments as monomers. The resulting equation of state can be used as a reference for developing statistical associating fluid theory models that accurately describe the thermodynamic properties of nonspherical molecules.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahsa Taghavi, Swapnil Sharma, Vemuri Balakotaiah
Summary: This study investigates the natural convection effects in the insulation layers of spherical storage tanks and their impact on the tanks' performance. The permeability and Rayleigh number of the insulation material are considered as key factors. The results show that as the Rayleigh number increases, new convective cells emerge and cause the cold boundary to approach the external hot boundary. In the case of large temperature differences, multiple solutions may coexist.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyang Xu, Fangjun Hong, Chaoyang Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a self-induced jet impingement device for enhancing pool boiling performance in high power electronic cooling. Through visualization and parametric investigations, the effects of this device on pool boiling performance are studied, revealing the promotion of additional liquid supply and vapor exhausting. The flow rate of the liquid jet is found to positively impact boiling performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenchao Ke, Yuan Liu, Fissha Biruke Teshome, Zhi Zeng
Summary: Underwater wet laser welding (UWLW) is a promising and labor-saving repair technique. A thermal multi-phase flow model was developed to study the heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and phase transitions during UWLW. The results show that UWLW creates a water keyhole, making the welding environment similar to in air laser welding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xingrong Lian, Lin Tian, Zengyao Li, Xinpeng Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the heat transfer mechanisms in natural fiber-derived porous structures and finds that thermal radiation has a significant impact on the thermal conductivity in low-density regions, while natural convection rarely occurs. Insulation materials derived from micron-sized natural fibers can achieve minimum thermal conductivity at specific densities. Strategies to lower the thermal conductivity include increasing porosity and incorporating nanoscale pores using nanosize fibers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yasir A. Malik, Kilian Koebschall, Stephan Bansmer, Cameron Tropea, Jeanette Hussong, Philippe Villedieu
Summary: Ice crystal icing is a significant hazard in aviation, and accurate modeling of sticking efficiency is essential. In this study, icing wind tunnel experiments were conducted to quantify the volumetric liquid water fraction, sticking efficiency, and maximum thickness of ice layers. Two measurement techniques, calorimetry and capacitive measurements, were used to measure the liquid water content and distribution in the ice layers. The experiments showed that increasing wet bulb temperatures and substrate heat flux significantly increased sticking efficiency and maximum ice layer thickness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinqi Hu, Tongtong Geng, Kun Wang, Yuanhong Fan, Chunhua Min, Hsien Chin Su
Summary: This study experimentally examined the heat dissipation of vibrating fans and demonstrated its inherent mechanism through numerical simulation. The results showed that the flow fields induced by the vibrating blades exhibited pulsating features and formed large-scale and small-scale vortical structures, significantly improving heat dissipation. The study also identified the impacts of different blade structures and developed a trapezoidal-folding blade, which effectively reduced the maximum temperature of the heat source and alleviated high-temperature failure crisis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan-Dan Su, Xiao-Bin Li, Hong-Na Zhang, Feng-Chen Li
Summary: The boiling heat transfer of low-boiling-point working fluid is a common heat dissipation technology in electronic equipment cooling. This study analyzed the interfacial boiling behavior of R134a under different conditions and found that factors such as the initial thickness of the liquid film, solid-liquid interaction force, and initial temperature significantly affect the boiling mode and thermal resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinyi Wu, Dongke Sun, Wei Chen, Zhenhua Chai
Summary: A unified lattice Boltzmann-phase field scheme is proposed to simulate dendrite growth of binary alloys in the presence of melt convection. The effects of various factors on the growth are investigated numerically, and the model is validated through comparisons and examinations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shaokun Ge, Ya Ni, Fubao Zhou, Wangzhaonan Shen, Jia Li, Fengqi Guo, Bobo Shi
Summary: This study investigated the temperature distribution of main cables in a suspension bridge during fire scenarios and proposed a prediction model for the maximum temperature of cables in different lane fires. The results showed that vehicle fires in the emergency lane posed a greater thermal threat to the cables.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuang-Ying Wu, Shi-Yao Zhou, Lan Xiao, Jia Luo
Summary: This paper investigates the two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of low-velocity jet impacting on a cylindrical surface. The study reveals that the heat transfer regimes are non-phase transition and nucleate boiling with the increase of heat transfer rate. The effects of jet impact height and outlet velocity on local surface temperatures are pronounced at the non-phase transition stage. The growth rates of heat transfer rate and liquid loss rate increase significantly from the non-phase transition to nucleate boiling stage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Emad Hasani Malekshah, Wlodzimierz Wlodzimierz, Miros law Majkut
Summary: Cavitation has significant practical importance and can be controlled by air injection. This study investigates the natural to ventilated cavitation process around a hydrofoil through numerical and experimental methods. The results show that the location and rate of air injection have a meaningful impact on the characteristics of cavitation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feriel Yahiat, Pascale Bouvier, Antoine Beauvillier, Serge Russeil, Christophe Andre, Daniel Bougeard
Summary: This study explores the enhancement of mixing performance in laminar flow equipment by investigating the generation of chaotic advection using wall deformations in annular geometries. The findings demonstrate that the combined geometry can achieve perfect mixing at various Reynolds numbers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hui He, Ning Lyu, Caihua Liang, Feng Wang, Xiaosong Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the condensation, frosting, and defrosting processes on superhydrophobic surfaces with millimeter-scale structures. The results reveal that the structures can influence the growth and removal of frost crystals, with the bottom grooves creating a frost-free zone and conical edges promoting higher frost crystal heights. Two effective methods for defrosting are observed: hand-lifting the groove and airfoil retraction contraction on protruding structures. This research provides valuable insights into frost formation and defrosting on millimeter-structured superhydrophobic surfaces, with potential applications in anti-frost engineering.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Thiwanka Arepolage, Christophe Verdy, Thibaut Sylvestre, Aymeric Leray, Sebastien Euphrasie
Summary: This study developed two thermal concentrators, one with a 2D design of uniform thickness and another with a 3D design, using the coordinate transformation technique and metamaterials. By structuring the thermal conductor, the desired local density-heat capacity product and anisotropic thermal conductivities were achieved. The homogenized thermal conductivities were obtained from finite element simulations and cylindrical symmetry consideration. A 3D concentrator was fabricated using 3D metal printing and characterized using a thermal camera. Compared to devices that solely consider anisotropic conductivities, the time evolution characteristics of the metadevice designed with coordinate transformation were closer to those of an ideal concentrator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Liangyuan Cheng, Qingyang Wang, Jinliang Xu
Summary: In this study, we investigated the supercritical heat transfer of CO2 in a horizontal tube with a diameter of 10.0 mm, covering a wide range of pressures, mass fluxes, and heat fluxes. The study revealed a non-monotonic increase in wall temperatures along the flow direction and observed both positive and negative wall temperature differences between the bottom and top tube. The findings were explained by the thermal conduction in the solid wall interacting with the stratified-wavy flow in the tube.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)