Cerebellar Changes in Guinea Pig Offspring Following Suppression of Neurosteroid Synthesis During Late Gestation

Elevated gestational concentrations of allopregnanolone are essential for the development and neuroprotection of the foetal brain. Preterm birth deprives the foetus of these high levels of allopregnanolone, which may contribute to the associated adverse effects on cerebellar development. Preterm birth alters expression of GABA(A) receptor subunit composition, which may further limit neurosteroid action. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of suppression of allopregnanolone levels on the markers of development and functional outcome. Pregnant guinea pigs were treated with finasteride at a dose (25 mg/kg maternal weight) shown to suppress allopregnanolone between 60 days of gestation until delivery (term similar to 71 days). The cerebella from neonates, whose mothers were treated with finasteride or vehicle during pregnancy, were collected at postnatal age 8. Pups that received finasteride displayed significantly greater glial fibrillary acid protein area coverage and reduced GABA(A) receptor alpha(6)-subunit messenger RNA within the cerebellum than pups that were exposed to vehicle. These findings indicate that loss of neurosteroid action on the foetal brain in late gestation produces prolonged astrocyte activation and reductions in GABA(A) receptor alpha(6)-subunit expression. These changes may contribute to the long-term changes in function associated with preterm birth.