Article
Automation & Control Systems
Pallavi Kumari, Bhavana Bhadriraju, Qingsheng Wang, Joseph Sang-Il Kwon
Summary: This paper proposes a modified Bayesian network (mBN) approach to improve the accuracy of root cause diagnosis in chemical processes. By identifying the weakest causal relation of cyclic loops and converting it into a temporal relation, the mBN is able to handle cyclic loops and provide an improved causal network structure.
JOURNAL OF PROCESS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Weichao Yue, Jianing Chai, Xiaoxue Wan, Yongfang Xie, Xiaofang Chen, Weihua Gui
Summary: Root cause analysis (RCA) is a valuable tool for identifying the underlying causes of an event or problem. However, existing methods in the process industry face challenges due to limited or unreliable data and inherent complexities. To overcome these challenges, a new RCA method is proposed that combines a grey reasoning dynamic uncertain causality graph (GRDUCG) with an improved grey relation analysis (IGRA) technique. This method utilizes GRDUCG to construct a causal knowledge map and integrates causal knowledge provided by domain experts using IGRA.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mnerh Alqahtani, Tobias Grafke
Summary: The large deviation theory and instanton calculus are used to study rare events in stochastic systems. The existing algorithms may fail to converge in the presence of heavy tails due to the non-convexity of the large deviation rate function. By convexifying the rate function through a nonlinear reparametrization of the observable, it becomes possible to compute instantons even in the presence of super-exponential or algebraic tail decay.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hui Yang, Zhiqin Kuang, Jianyong Zhu, Fangping Xu, Feiping Nie, Shuchen Sun
Summary: Digital twin is a digital equivalent of an object that can simulate its behavior and status, and predict system states through smart algorithms and data. It can be used in intelligent manufacturing systems, traditional industries, etc. Rare earth production, as a typical process industry, can benefit from the optimization introduced by digital twin.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Mayura Deshpande, Julia M. A. Sinclair, David S. Baldwin
Summary: Root cause analysis (RCA), which was introduced from high-reliability industries into the healthcare sector two decades ago, is now the required methodology for investigating adverse events in most health systems. This article argues that the validity of RCA in healthcare and psychiatry must be established, as these investigations have significant implications for mental health policy and practice.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alexander Mendez, Mohammad Farazmand
Summary: This study examines three methods for quantifying the landing distribution of firebrands and finds that the LDT method accurately quantifies low probability events, while Monte Carlo and importance sampling methods are more efficient for high probability landing distances. Additionally, it is shown that the most probable landing distance grows linearly with the mean characteristic velocity of the wind field.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Fajie Feng, Chuyun Yang, Mingjie Li, Shangyu Zhan, Hongyan Liu, Aiguo Chen, Jianmin Wang, Zhongyi Zhang, Li Gu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of replanted disease formation in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rehmannia glutinosa. A specific culture device was designed to isolate and study the root exudates of R. glutinosa. The results showed that the root exudates had allelopathic activity, causing proliferation of harmful fungi and reduction of beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. Gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to immune response, hormone metabolism, signaling transduction, and cell membrane transport in root exudate-treated R. glutinosa. Among them, PR genes were found to be highly expressed and enhancing the resistance of R. glutinosa to root exudates treatment. This study provides insights into the molecular events occurring in replanted plants and offers a novel approach to collect root exudates.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Management
Francesco Giordano, Marcella Niglio, Marialuisa Restaino
Summary: This paper introduces a new method for selecting the most relevant covariates to predict bank defaults, which has several advantages in dealing with bank failure prediction. The proposed method is validated through simulation studies and empirical analysis, showing superior performance in identifying the most relevant covariates that influence default probabilities.
JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Viktor Leonhardt, Felix Claus, Christoph Garth
Summary: In this paper, a novel root cause analysis method called Process Estimator neural Network (PEN) is proposed to solve the sparse, nonlinear problem of the state-space model. The paper discusses the application and advantages of PEN, and validates its performance in handling large-scale 3D point cloud data through experiments.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nao Fukagawa, Nikos Prantzos
Summary: In environments with low abundance of heavy elements, rare events are expected to have a significant impact on chemical enrichment. This study investigates the chemical enrichment in dwarf galaxies of the Local Group, which have low masses, average metallicities, and star formation rates, by introducing a chemical evolution model that takes rarity into account. The model predicts oscillation in the abundance ratios of trans-iron elements to iron at low metallicities due to r-process events, and also suggests that rarity can play an important role in lower-mass systems, with oscillation caused by neutron star mergers even at higher metallicities. Both r-process sites and massive stars with different rotating velocities contribute to the chemical enrichment, and further insight into the sources of chemical enrichment at low metallicities requires observational and theoretical data, including nucleosynthesis calculations and the chemical abundance of metal-poor stars.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hooman Ziaei-Halimejani, Reza Zarghami, Navid Mostoufi
Summary: A novel method based on recurrence theory is developed for fault diagnosis and causality analysis in chemical processes. By utilizing joint recurrence plot and delayed joint recurrence plot, the main root cause of faults can be identified and the propagation pathway of faults can be predicted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows the best performance in fault diagnosis and root cause analysis of complex nonlinear processes.
JOURNAL OF PROCESS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Hong Zhou, Kun-Ming Yu, Huan-Po Hsu
Summary: Soft sensing technology is an effective way to solve the detection problem of important quality indicators in processing industries, especially in the chemical industry. Hybrid modeling methods can significantly improve the prediction accuracy and stability of soft sensing models. Introducing domain knowledge and expert experience to the modeling process can enhance model interpretability and performance.
SENSORS AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Federica Ricci, Valeria Casson Moreno, Valerio Cozzani
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 9100 past accidents over the last 70 years, revealing trends, geographical distribution, triggers, and consequences of Natech events. Meteorological events were found to be the main trigger of Natech scenarios, with an increasing number of occurrences observed over time.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hang Gao, Chun Shen, Yi Zhou, Xuesong Wang, Pak-Wai Chan, Kai-Kwong Hon, Jianbing Li
Summary: This study proposes a nowcasting method that takes into account the impact of highly variable wind fields (HWFs). The method identifies highly variable events using standard deviations and trains the neural network with a weighted loss function. Experimental results show that this method improves the nowcasting performance on HWFs.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jiaxin Zhang, Wenjia Luo, Yiyang Dai
Summary: This study proposes an integrated fault diagnosis framework using dynamic kernel principal component analysis and cycle temporal algorithm to distinguish between sensor faults and process faults in chemical processes. By diagnosing fault variables and distinguishing the two fault types according to their characteristics, the fault detection speed and accuracy are improved. The effectiveness of the integrated fault diagnosis framework is demonstrated through application to the Tennessee Eastman process and acid gas absorption process.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rui Fu, Kongyong Cui, Jingang Yang, Haiyan Xu, Dong Yin, Weihua Song, Hongjian Wang, Chenggang Zhu, Lei Feng, Zhifang Wang, Qingsheng Wang, Ye Lu, Kefei Dou, Yuejin Yang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) under different glucose metabolism status. The results showed a strong positive association between high SHR values and in-hospital mortality regardless of diabetes status. Fasting SHR can be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in AMI patients.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zeren Jiao, Zhuoran Zhang, Seungho Jung, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: In order to assess the potential life-threatening consequences of toxic dispersion, it is crucial for emergency responders, plant operators, and safety professionals to have a fast and accurate prediction. In this study, a toxic chemical dispersion casualty database containing 450 leak scenarios of 18 toxic chemicals is constructed to develop a machine learning based quantitative property-consequence relationship (QPCR) model. The results show that the developed QPCR model can accurately predict the toxic dispersion casualty range under different lethal consequences.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Dounia Boushab, Hasnaa Ouidadi, Aniket Mote, Matthew Priddy, Santanu Kundu, Charles U. U. Pittman Jr, Jaime Grunlan, Qingsheng Wang, Thomas Lacy Jr
Summary: Aircraft crashes often lead to fire incidents which can mask or destroy crucial failure features for accident reconstruction. This study conducted vertical flame tests on mechanically failed graphite/epoxy specimens to understand the fire-induced damage and degradation. The results showed that the stacking sequence of the specimens, fracture surface morphology, and available free surface area significantly influenced the thermal degradation and damage. The presence of char layers impeded heat conduction and oxygen transfer, resulting in less thermal damage to underlying plies.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Xiuxia Li, Qingsheng Wang, Yucheng Hu, Linhai Jing, Wenyan Ge
Summary: In this study, the climate comfort level for tourism on the Tibetan Plateau was assessed using ERA-5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020. The tourism climate index (TCI) was calculated and showed increasing trends in both annual and monthly TCI. Spatially, higher TCI values and more significant increasing trends were found in the eastern, southern, and peripheral regions of the Tibetan Plateau, as well as in the Qaidam Basin with lower altitude. These findings provide valuable guidance for tourism development in response to climate change.
CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yufeng Quan, Trent F. Parker, Yinying Hua, Hae-Kwon Jeong, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained increasing attention in various fields such as catalysis, separation, environment, food, and medicine. Guidelines for efficient and safe scale-up synthesis of MOFs are crucial for the industry. This study focuses on the scale-up synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) using a solvothermal RC1e reactor and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Through detailed process kinetics and hazard analysis, the formation stages and transformation kinetics of ZIF-8 are identified, and potential operability problems are discussed.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Pingfan Hu, Zheng O'Neill, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This study develops and evaluates a smart ventilation control algorithm (SIREN) that dynamically adjusts zone and system-level HVAC operation to maintain an acceptable COVID-19 infection risk and HVAC energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Harold U. Escobar-Hernandez, Yufeng Quan, Maria I. Papadaki, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This article focuses on the sustainability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and compares traditional solvothermal synthesis with a proposed reactive extrusion synthesis. The research reveals that reactive extrusion has much lower environmental and health impacts compared to solvothermal reaction for producing 1 kg of MOFs.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rong Ma, Ruiqing Shen, Yufeng Quan, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Graphene quantum dots were decorated onto montmorillonite to create nanohybrids, which were then incorporated into a polystyrene matrix. The resulting nanocomposites showed enhanced interfacial interaction and improved flame retardancy. This study proposes a novel method to modify montmorillonite and produce well-dispersed polymeric materials with enhanced fire safety.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Chi-Yang Li, Jazmine Aiya D. Marquez, Pingfan Hu, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is an emerging industry that aims to address climate change. The construction of more pipelines for transporting CO2 to storage sites is a key aspect of this industry. Evaluating the behavior of CO2 release and dispersion from these pipelines is necessary due to the potential hazards of high concentration exposure. Industrial-scale experiments have provided quantitative data, but conducting experiments for every possible scenario is impractical. Computational tools such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and risk assessment methodologies such as Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) have been used to predict CO2 dispersion behavior and hazards. This review discusses the different experiments, CFD models, and risk assessments related to CO2 transport pipelines. The potential of using machine learning to improve the accuracy and efficiency of predicting CO2 dispersion behavior is also explored.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yufeng Quan, Ruiqing Shen, Christian Schweizer, Pradeep Parajuli, Zhuoran Zhang, Waruna Kulatilaka, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) can enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene composites, reduce the release of toxic byproducts during combustion, and provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy to suppress potential fire hazards from synthetic polymers.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Dongdong Yang, Gaogeng Zhu, Xinhong Li, Qingsheng Wang, Guoming Chen
Summary: An integrated approach for assessing the consequences of chain accidents is proposed, taking into account human behavior. The approach incorporates risk-based and grid-based concepts to integrate adverse impacts, and is applied to a hypothetical chain accident involving a release and explosion of H2S-containing natural gas. The approach considers emergency evacuation by establishing a model for evacuation time and evaluates toxic impact by calculating cumulative H2S inhalation dose along each evacuation trajectory. Explosion impact is predicted by extracting maximum explosion overpressures at the real-time positions of victims. This systematic and efficient approach can aid in developing safety measures and improving contingency plans.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Faisal Khan
Summary: As the human population grows, sustainable practices are necessary to protect the planet and preserve the standard of living. Frameworks like life cycle assessment and the triple bottom line provide approaches to quantify sustainability, but there is a need for additional considerations such as safety and interrelations between sustainability pillars. Existing sustainability metrics show inconsistencies in their results and imply the need for a comprehensive assessment that is interrelated and time dependent.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Zhou, Gang Li, Haoran Zhao, Xiupeng Zhang, Jazmine Aiya D. Marquez, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The explosion characteristics of runaway battery vented gas (BVG) were studied, and the effects of ambient temperature, turbulence conditions, and graphite dust were investigated. The temperature increase reduced the maximum explosion pressure of BVG, while turbulence had little effect on explosion pressure but significantly affected the rate of explosion pressure rise. Adding graphite dusts helped BVG reach the maximum explosion pressure at a lower volume concentration and reduced the time to reach the maximum pressure after ignition.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianpeng Wang, Xiaoyang Luan, Jiali Huo, Mingju Jing, Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Bin Zhang
Summary: Hydrogen has the potential for emissions-free energy production, making it a strategic opportunity for renewable energy storage. Safety issues related to high-pressure hydrogen incidents are a key factor limiting its development. This study uses a CFD model to investigate the characteristics of high-pressure hydrogen jet flames under different forms of barrier walls and hydrogen pressure. Results show that complex barrier walls can effectively block flames compared to vertical barriers. A 60-degree plate is the preferred choice based on flame shape and temperature analysis.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenhe Wang, Yu Guang, Wei Liu, Kuiling Shen, Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a key technology for addressing global climate change. This study investigated the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity of a supercritical CO2 pipeline made of X70 steel with different O2 and SO2 contents. The results showed that a concentration of 200 ppm SO2 exhibited clear SCC sensitivity, which became more pronounced at 600 ppm. The study further elucidated the stress corrosion mechanism of a supercritical CO2 pipeline containing SO2 and O2 impurities and provided guidance for preventing leakage and industrial application of CCUS.