Article
Pediatrics
Brenda Poindexter
Summary: Probiotic products in the US and Canada are increasingly used in preterm infants, despite lacking FDA approval and sufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. The use of dietary supplement-grade probiotics raises concerns due to potential contamination and lack of regulation. As such, universal administration of probiotics to preterm infants is not recommended based on current evidence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murat Cetinbas, Julie Thai, Evgenia Filatava, Katherine E. Gregory, Ruslan I. Sadreyev
Summary: The use of antibiotics has a lasting impact on the acquisition of the microbiome in preterm infants, affecting the content, diversity, and temporal stability. Dysbiosis and fluctuations in the microbiome persist even after antibiotic exposure, with a few common bacteria dominating the microbiome diversity.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Hui, Birgitte Smith, Martin Steen Mortensen, Lukasz Krych, Soren J. Sorensen, Gorm Greisen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
Summary: The study found that probiotic supplementation in preterm neonates affected gut colonization by certain bacteria, but did not change the overall longitudinal bacterial progression during the neonatal period.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marwyn Sowden, Mirjam Maria van Weissenbruch, Andre Nyandwe Hamama Bulabula, Lizelle van Wyk, Jos Twisk, Evette van Niekerk
Summary: The study found that a multi-strain probiotic formulation is effective in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerances in premature neonates. This research is of great importance in exploring treatment methods for preventing intestinal diseases in premature infants.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alain Cuna, Michael J. Morowitz, Ishfaq Ahmed, Shahid Umar, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: Advances in metagenomics have enabled detailed study of the gut microbiome and its impact on human health. Preterm infants have a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is linked to life-threatening diseases. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants may impact future health risks such as asthma, allergies, and obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jogender Kumar, Jitendra Meena, Ankit Ranjan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This systematic review examined the effect of oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk on preterm infants, and found that it can reduce the risk of infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, and has benefits in early feeding.
Review
Pediatrics
Helena Sofia Ribeiro, Andre Assuncao, Rafael Jose Vieira, Paulo Soares, Hercilia Guimaraes, Filipa Flor-de-Lima
Summary: Platelet transfusions in preterm infants are associated with a higher risk of mortality, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and establish a threshold for platelet transfusion with less harm. Overall, the importance of this systematic review and meta-analysis is 8 out of 10.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jumana Samara, Shirin Moossavi, Belal Alshaikh, Van A. Ortega, Veronika Kucharova Pettersen, Tahsin Ferdous, Suzie L. Hoops, Amuchou Soraisham, Joseph Vayalumkal, Deonne Dersch-Mills, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Karen Puopolo, Thomas A. Tompkins, Dan Knights, Jens Walter, Harish Amin, Marie-Claire Arrieta
Summary: Probiotics have positive effects on gut microbiome assembly and immunity in premature infants, accelerating microbiome maturation and improving intestinal immune environment.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mangesh Deshmukh, Sanjay Patole
Summary: Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and all-cause mortality in preterm neonates. Implementing routine probiotic supplementation can significantly improve outcomes in these vulnerable infants.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Harriet Wright, Ayman S. Bannaga, Rolland Iriarte, Mshail Mahmoud, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Summary: Volatile organic compounds can diagnose various diseases in preterm infants, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. VOCs analysis can also distinguish between breastfed and formula-fed preterm neonates in the first month of life, several days before clinical diagnosis.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes W. W. Duess, Maame E. E. Sampah, Carla M. M. Lopez, Koichi Tsuboi, Daniel J. J. Scheese, Chhinder P. P. Sodhi, David J. J. Hackam
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants, caused by dietary and bacterial factors in a vulnerable host. Intestinal perforation can lead to severe infection and sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 has been identified as a critical regulator of NEC development. This review article presents recent findings on microbial signaling, the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, systemic inflammation, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Review
Pediatrics
Claire L. Granger, Nicholas D. Embleton, Jeremy M. Palmer, Christopher A. Lamb, Janet E. Berrington, Christopher J. Stewart
Summary: Breastmilk offers numerous nutritional and immunological benefits for newborn infants, influencing the gut microbiome and leading to reduced risks of necrotising enterocolitis and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. These long-term benefits present potential areas for research and novel therapies in high-risk infants.
Article
Pediatrics
Thomas H. Dierikx, Nancy Deianova, Jip Groen, Daniel C. Vijlbrief, Christian Hulzebos, Willem P. de Boode, Esther J. d'Haens, Veerle Cossey, Boris W. Kramer, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Wouter J. de Jonge, Marc A. Benninga, Chris H. van den Akker, Anton H. van Kaam, Nanne K. H. de Boer, Douwe H. Visser, Hendrik J. Niemarkt, Tim G. J. de Meij
Summary: This study explores the frequency and duration of early empiric antibiotic exposure (EEAE) in preterm infants and its association with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). The study finds that nearly 90% of preterm infants are exposed to EEAE within the first 72 hours of life under suspicion of early-onset sepsis, and the duration of antibiotic use is associated with the incidence of NEC and LOS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Jing Li, Jing Zhang, Qingfei Hao, Haoming Chen, Xiuyong Cheng
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of rEPO in altering the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. The results showed that rEPO did not significantly affect the risk of developing BPD, but it may have a preventive effect on sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Ramaa Chitale, Kacey Ferguson, Megan Talej, Wen-Chien Yang, Siran He, Karen M. Edmond, Emily R. Smith
Summary: Early enteral feeding within 72 hours after birth is likely to reduce mortality and length of hospital stay in preterm and low birth weight infants, and may also decrease the risk of sepsis and weight at discharge. However, its effect on other outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis is uncertain.
