Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Danieli F. Buccini, Beatriz C. Roriz, Julia M. Rodrigues, Octavio L. Franco
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides are important molecules in the organism's defense system. They can modulate the immune system and recognize molecules present in pathogens. Overstimulation of TLR4 can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses, which can be counteracted by antimicrobial peptides.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Talipova, Aiganym Smagulova, Dimitri Poddighe
Summary: This review discusses the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunopathogenesis of CD. Although evidence from basic research is limited, differences in TLR expression and activation have been observed between active CD patients and controls or treated CD patients in some clinical studies. Therefore, TLRs may be part of the non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD pathogenesis, considering their potential role in the interaction between the host immune system and environmental factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengna Li, Hao Chen, Minxiao Wang, Zhaoshan Zhong, Hao Wang, Li Zhou, Huan Zhang, Chaolun Li
Summary: The study suggests that GpTLR13 may be involved in the immune recognition of symbiotic methane-oxidizing bacteria in Bathymodiolinae mussels. Through analysis of the molecular structure and expression pattern of GpTLR13, as well as the changes in transcript levels during a symbiont-depletion assay, this hypothesis is further supported.
Review
Immunology
Michal Scur, Brendon D. Parsons, Sayanti Dey, Andrew P. Makrigiannis
Summary: Our understanding of CTLRs has expanded beyond their initial roles in pathogen recognition, now encompassing scavenger receptor activity, cell death and cell transformation sensing, and immune response regulation. The diversity in expression and signaling activity among individual CTLR members, as well as the discovery of new receptor binding capabilities and interactions, cellular expression profiles, and receptor structures and signaling mechanisms, has revealed the defining roles of CTLRs in immunity. NK cell receptors, specifically the NKRP1 family of CTLRs, exemplify this functional diversity, displaying essential immune functions beyond NK cells. It is crucial to better understand the functional potential of these receptor families in immune defense and pathology, given the ever-expanding evidence for their involvement in various biological processes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aetas Amponnawarat, Chalatip Chompunud Na Ayudhya, Hydar Ali
Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, but a lipidated HDP mimetic called murepavadin has shown antibacterial activity against multi-drug-resistant strains. Murepavadin activates human MCs via MRGPRX2 and murine MCs via MrgprB2, potentially contributing to bacterial clearance and wound healing.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li Chen, Shi-qi Cao, Ze-min Lin, Shi-jun He, Jian-ping Zuo
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysregulation of the immune system, with NLRs playing essential roles in various diseases. NLR proteins recognize specific molecular patterns to regulate immune response pathways.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lisa Kornstaedt, Sandra Pierre, Andreas Weigert, Stefanie Ebersberger, Tim J. Schaeufele, Anja Kolbinger, Tobias Schmid, Jennifer Cohnen, Dominique Thomas, Nerea Ferreiros, Bernhard Bruene, Ingo Ebersberger, Klaus Scholich
Summary: Mast cells play a role in the resolution phase of inflammation by producing mediators like IFN-beta that regulate macrophage phagocytosis. Deficiency in mast cells can result in decreased efferocytosis and phagocytosis during the resolution of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maria Bzowka, Weronika Bagrowska, Artur Gora
Summary: In this review, we summarize how computational solutions have contributed to a better understanding of TLRs in recent years, including their function, mechanism of action, small-molecule modulators, next-generation vaccine design, and studies of the dynamic nature of TLRs. We also highlight the remaining unsolved problems.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Nathan P. Manes, Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
Summary: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) serve as the front line of defense against pathogens. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PRR signaling is crucial for developing therapeutics for diseases such as sepsis and COVID-19.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen S. Coutinho-Wolino, Patricia P. Almeida, Denise Mafra, Milena B. Stockler-Pinto
Summary: Chronic inflammation is linked to the development and progression of various non-communicable diseases, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation. Bioactive compounds have the potential to modulate the TLR4 pathway and alleviate inflammation.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hirotaka Kanoh, Shinzo Iwashita, Takayuki Kuraishi, Akira Goto, Naoyuki Fuse, Haruna Ueno, Mariko Nimura, Tomohito Oyama, Chang Tang, Ryo Watanabe, Aki Hori, Yoshiki Momiuchi, Hiroki Ishikawa, Hiroaki Suzuki, Kumiko Nabe, Takeshi Takagaki, Masataka Fukuzaki, Li-Li Tong, Sinya Yamada, Yoshiteru Oshima, Toshiro Aigaki, Julian A. T. Dow, Shireen-Anne Davies, Shoichiro Kurata
Summary: The study demonstrates that the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in Drosophila is activated through a pathway parallel to the Toll receptor, involving the receptor-type guanylate cyclase Gyc76C. This pathway produces cGMP and modulates NF-kappa B signaling to combat bacterial infections. Furthermore, the modulation of NF-kappa B activation by the cGMP signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in both fruit flies and human cells.
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Paulina Zelechowska, Joanna Pastwinska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Justyna Agier
Summary: The fungal kingdom is widespread in the environment and mast cells play an important role in host defense, though their contribution to defense mechanisms against fungi is not fully understood.
Article
Cell Biology
Justyna Agier, Ewa Brzezinska-Blasczyka, Sylwia Rozalska, Magdalena Wiktorska, Elzbieta Kozlowka, Paulina Zelechowska
Summary: The study reveals that alarmins CRAMP and IL-33 significantly impact the phenotype and activity of MCs, promoting inflammatory responses and controlling the activity of cells involved in antimicrobial processes.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Paulina Zelechowska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Sylwia Rozalska, Justyna Agier, Elzbieta Kozlowska
Summary: The study found that fungal mannan can activate mast cells to produce various anti-fungal responses mediated through TLR4, affecting the course of the immune response.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Justyna Agier, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Piotr Witczak, Elzbieta Kozlowska, Paulina Zelechowska
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the TLR7 viral mimic ligand R848 on mast cell phenotype and activity, demonstrating changes in receptor expression and modulation of antiviral response proteins. The findings showed that R848 altered the expression of various molecules and induced the synthesis of interferons, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines, and lipid mediators by stimulated mast cells. Overall, the results suggest that mast cells can actively participate in the antiviral immune response by responding to TLR7 ligands.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Paulina Zelechowska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Sylwia Rozalska, Justyna Agier, Elzbieta Kozlowska
Summary: The research demonstrates that Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived zymosan can induce pro-inflammatory responses and migration of mast cells, potentially affecting innate antifungal immunity. Zymosan was found to stimulate mast cells to produce inflammatory mediators and chemokines, with the response mediated through activation of the Dectin-1 receptor.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Pawel Aleksandrowicz, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Elzbieta Kozlowska, Paulina Zelechowska, Andrea Enrico Borgonovo, Justyna Agier
Summary: Results of this study indicate that levels of IL-1 beta in PISF of patients with peri-implantitis were lower, while TNF-alpha levels were higher, which may aid in the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.
Article
Psychiatry
Elzbieta Kozlowska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Justyna Agier, Adam Wysokinski, Paulina Zelechowska
Summary: Studies suggest that serum levels of IL-33, sST2, HMGB1, and S100B are significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals, especially in male patients. However, in patients with schizophrenia, there is no significant correlation between these serum biomarkers and clinical scores.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Paulina Zelechowska, Joanna Pastwinska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Justyna Agier
Summary: The fungal kingdom is widespread in the environment and mast cells play an important role in host defense, though their contribution to defense mechanisms against fungi is not fully understood.
Article
Cell Biology
Justyna Agier, Ewa Brzezinska-Blasczyka, Sylwia Rozalska, Magdalena Wiktorska, Elzbieta Kozlowka, Paulina Zelechowska
Summary: The study reveals that alarmins CRAMP and IL-33 significantly impact the phenotype and activity of MCs, promoting inflammatory responses and controlling the activity of cells involved in antimicrobial processes.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joanna Pastwinska, Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka, Elzbieta Kozlowska, Enjuro Harunari, Marcin Ratajewski, Jaroslaw Dastych
Summary: Hypoxia plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune cell functions and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, particularly affecting mast cell expression of hyaluronic acid receptors. Reduced oxygen concentrations inhibit mast cell adhesion to hyaluronic acid by causing conformational changes in CD44 avidity. This hypoxia-mediated regulation of mast cell adhesion may contribute to the pathogenic accumulation of mast cells in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elzbieta Kozlowska, Ewa Brzezinska-Blaszczyk, Adam Wysokinski, Paulina Zelechowska
Summary: It has been suggested that immune-inflammatory processes might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, and growing evidence indicates that adipokines, particularly apelin, may play a role in the disease. This study found that there was no significant difference in levels of resistin and chemerin between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals, but apelin levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia. Apelin may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)