Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mette Geiker, Samanta Robuschi, Karin Lundgren, Charilaos Paraskevoulakos, Carsten Gundlach, Tobias Danner, Ulla Hjorth Jakobsen, Alexander Michel
Summary: This study investigates the impact of cracks on the corrosion performance of conventional steel reinforcement in marine-exposed concrete through analyzing monitoring data. The results show no corrosion on the surface of reinforcing bars in both cracked and uncracked areas. However, significant corrosion is found in the interior of the instrumented reinforcing bars.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Raghda S. El-Khoriby, Salah E. Taher, Mariam F. Ghazy, Metwally A. Abd-Elaty
Summary: Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has numerous advantages in construction. This study focuses on the shear behavior of pre-cracked UHPC beams under durability effects. Results reveal that UHPC has high elastic modulus, 200 times lower chloride penetration compared to normal concrete (NC), and significantly better bond strength after corrosion exposure. The cracking resistance of corroded UHPC beams exceeds uncorroded beams by 250% at 80% of experimental ultimate load, and the residual flexural capacities for corroded beams are 61.6% (NC) and 119% (UHPC) of the original capacity. UHPC performs much better than NC in corrosive environments.
AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lijie Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: This study investigates corrosion rate measurement of microcell and macrocell corrosion (MMC) in reinforced concrete using the polarization resistance method. A modified Stern-Geary equation for MMC is proposed to account for the effects of macrocell current, and it is validated for both active and passive steel rebars. It is found that there is a significant overestimation for passive steel rebars, while a substantial measurement error exists for active steel rebars due to the macrocell current.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sengeni Anantharaj, Suguru Noda
Summary: This perspective provides a thorough discussion on how to properly interpret Tafel lines in water splitting electrocatalysis and offers methods that can be adopted for analyzing the Tafel characteristics of other energy conversion reactions.
MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mette Geiker, Tobias Danner, Alexander Michel, Andres Belda Revert, Oskar Linderoth, Karla Hornbostel
Summary: The study investigated the corrosion state of three pre-cracked concrete beams after 25 years of marine exposure, finding that inadequate plastic spacers may have a greater impact on reinforcement corrosion than bending cracks. While increased chloride ingress was detected in cracked areas, very limited corrosion was observed where cracks reached the reinforcement. The hypothesis is that corrosion initiated at weak spots, such as plastic spacers, may actually protect the remaining reinforcement from corrosion.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhi-Hao Jin, Chao Jiang, Xiang-Lin Gu, Zheng Dong
Summary: This study investigates the corrosion behavior of coupled crossed steel bars in cracked concrete, focusing on the influence of crack width and crack location. The results show that the corrosion is more severe in cracked areas compared to uncracked areas, and microcell corrosion is more sensitive to crack width. Additionally, the crack location has a significant impact on the value and direction of macro-cell corrosion current.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yajian Wang, Fei Su, Pengpeng Li, Wentao Wang, Hailu Yang, Linbing Wang
Summary: Microbiologically induced concrete corrosion (MICC) and stress cracks are common structural defects in concrete sewer pipes. This study investigated the behavior of microbial corrosion in cracked concrete pipes under sustained loading. The results showed that stress levels slightly accelerated the pH drop on the surface, correlated with the corrosion product content, and caused stress-corrosion cracking of the semi-corrosive layer. However, stress had little effect on corrosion loss. Understanding these processes is important for improving the service life of sewage pipes.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hao Jin, Shuo Yu
Summary: In this study, a calculation model was established to investigate rebar corrosion induced by stray direct current in the cracked segment of a shield tunnel. A full-scale test was designed to verify the accuracy of the model. The results show that the rebar corrosion rate in the segment is related to the input mode and the distance from the current input location.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mostafa Haghtalab, Vahed Ghiasi, Aliakbar Shirzadi Javid
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of corrosion kinetic parameters on the total corrosion rate and maximum corrosion rate in the patch repair system. The sensitivity of the macro-cell current to changes in the kinetic parameters of corrosion in the repairing materials is analyzed through numerical simulation. The results show that the cathodic Tafel slope has the largest effect on the macro-cell current values.
COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muazzam G. Sohail, Stephane Laurens, Fabrice Deby, Jean P. Balayssac, Nasser Al Nuaimi
Summary: This study provides a range of corrosion parameters necessary for steel corrosion in carbonated and noncarbonated concrete, and validates the accuracy of these parameters through experiments and simulations. By obtaining potentiodynamic polarization curves at different scan rates and extrapolating data, the corrosion parameters were successfully extracted.
MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
J. Y. Hu, S. S. Zhang, E. Chen, W. G. Li
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review on corrosion detection techniques and protection methods for existing reinforced concrete structures. It categorizes the detection methods into direct and indirect approaches, and discusses the prevention and therapy solutions for corrosion protection. The paper is valuable for researchers working on steel corrosion detection and advanced strengthening strategies.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Enzo Martinelli, Marco Pepe, Rosa Penna, Luciano Feo
Summary: This paper proposes a meso-mechanical formulation for explicitly simulating the cracking response of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite members in bending. Experimental observations compared with numerical results show the mechanical consistency of the assumption and the need to define an effective volume fraction for High-Performance Concrete specimens with higher quantities of fibers.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Weijie Fan, Jianghong Mao, Weiliang Jin, Jun Zhang, Qiang Li, Feibin Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the durability deterioration of cracked concrete structures in coastal environments and compares the effects of combining electrochemical repair technology with traditional repair methods. The results show that the comprehensive repair technique has a significantly better effect.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xuandong Chen, Qing Zhang, Ping Chen, Qiuqun Liang
Summary: Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of durability failure in reinforced concrete structures. A 3D numerical model was established to investigate the corrosion mechanisms, revealing that the average corrosion current density is more sensitive to changes in cathodic Tafel slope and anodic equilibrium potential. Factors such as anode-to-cathode ratio and anodic length also significantly influence corrosion rates, particularly in scenarios where the A/C ratio is less than 0.5 and anodic length is less than 35 mm. The study also showed that semi-circumferential corrosion has a higher corrosion rate compared to circumferential corrosion for the same A/C ratio value.
COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maria Kanwal, Rao Arsalan Khushnood, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Ghafar Wattoo
Summary: This study explores the potential use of carbonaceous sugarcane bagasse as a carrier media of Bacillus subtilis for improving microstructure and corrosion inhibition of reinforced concrete. The migration of chlorides inside the concrete, electrochemical performance of embedded steel, and the healing and densification of microstructure were evaluated. The results showed a 53.78% reduction in the depth of migrated chlorides due to the densification of concrete matrix. The bio-immobilized formulation offered 97.5% corrosion inhibition efficiency compared to the control samples. Therefore, the integrated bacterial spores and pyrolytic bagasse biochar could be utilized in concrete to enhance microstructure, corrosion inhibition, and provide environmental benefits.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Michel, V Marcos-Meson, W. Kunther, M. R. Geiker
Summary: A generic modeling framework is proposed to study microstructural changes, pore volume distribution, phase assemblage, and mass transport in cement-based materials. Results of numerical studies reveal significant alterations in mass transport properties due to chemical reactions, leading to pronounced changes in microstructure depending on exposure.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ernesto J. Guades, Henrik Stang, Jacob W. Schmidt, Gregor Fischer
Summary: The study reveals that FRGC jacketing technique significantly increases the cracking, yielding, and ultimate load of initial RC beams, with the bottom and three-sides jacketing providing less ductile response but offering a 32% increase in energy absorption value of the initial RC beam.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
J. P. Waldbjoern, A. Quinlan, H. Stang, C. Berggreen
Summary: The study utilized real-time digital image point tracking feedback to control a servo-hydraulic load system during the loading of a GFRP cantilever beam, achieving higher accuracy and control. Different control configurations, as well as a combination of linear transfer function and feedback control, successfully reduced the error between theoretical displacement and actual displacement, leading to improved performance.
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
P. Jacob Waldbjoern, Amin Maghareh, Ge Ou, J. Shirley Dyke, Henrik Stang
Summary: This paper presents a strategy called multi-rate real-time hybrid simulation (mrRTHS) to optimize computational resources for low-cost RTHS. Demonstrated on LabVIEW real-time target with SDOF and MDOF systems, a good correlation was achieved.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
A. Moncy, O. Castro, C. Berggreen, H. Stang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of anisotropy in composite materials on the uniformity of multi-axial stress states in cruciform specimens, showing how various geometries and loading conditions can be used to design specimens with uniform stress states while considering anisotropy.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Hong S. Wong, Ueli M. Angst, Mette R. Geiker, O. Burkan Isgor, Bernhard Elsener, Alexander Michel, Maria Cruz Alonso, Maria Joao Correia, Jose Pacheco, Joost Gulikers, Yuxi Zhao, Maria Criado, Michael Raupach, Henrik Sorensen, Raoul Francois, Shishir Mundra, Mezgeen Rasol, Rob Polder
Summary: This paper critically reviews the properties of the steel-concrete interface (SCI) and its influence on corrosion initiation of embedded reinforcing steel. The available methods for characterising the local properties of the SCI are evaluated and their advantages, applications, and limitations are summarized. The findings indicate a lack of well-established, non-destructive techniques for direct monitoring of the SCI, particularly in regards to moisture-related aspects. Promising novel techniques for further development and application are identified. Several recommendations for future research needs are provided.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mouadh Addassi, Victor Marcos-Meson, Wolfgang Kunther, Hussein Hoteit, Alexander Michel
Summary: Reactive transport models are valuable tools for the development of cement-based materials. However, the output of these models is often qualitative rather than quantitative due to limited experimental validation. This paper proposes an approach to optimize the calibration process of reactive transport models for cement-based materials using short-term experiments. It demonstrates the effectiveness of including a microstructure model in improving the accuracy of the models and enabling realistic long-term exposure simulations.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Suntharalingam Sharmilan, Henrik Stang, Alexander Michel
Summary: This study establishes a reactive transport model for saturated cement-based materials, which considers multi-ionic transport through an uncharged 'free water' and a charged 'electrical double layer', coupled with a chemical equilibrium model for interaction between the pore solution and solid phase. A comprehensive method is illustrated for determining the diffusion coefficient of aqueous species in the pore solution in a cementitious material. The numerical predictions are in good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the applicability of the model.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alex Quinlan, Oscar Castro, Jacob Waldbjorn, Christian Berggreen, Henrik Stang
Summary: This paper presents the design of a thin-walled composite beam for studying intra-laminar tunneling cracks at a sub-structural length-scale. The beam uses a variable thickness reinforcement in the longitudinal direction to create a gauge zone with near-uniform strains when loaded in a cantilever beam configuration. The experimental results, including strain measurements and observations of tunneling cracks, agree with numerical predictions.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mette Geiker, Samanta Robuschi, Karin Lundgren, Charilaos Paraskevoulakos, Carsten Gundlach, Tobias Danner, Ulla Hjorth Jakobsen, Alexander Michel
Summary: This study investigates the impact of cracks on the corrosion performance of conventional steel reinforcement in marine-exposed concrete through analyzing monitoring data. The results show no corrosion on the surface of reinforcing bars in both cracked and uncracked areas. However, significant corrosion is found in the interior of the instrumented reinforcing bars.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Luigi Caglio, Henrik Stang, Rune Brincker, Evangelos Katsanos
Summary: This study proposes a Kalman Filter-Finite Element (KF-FE) framework for joint input-state estimation of nonlinear systems. The framework aims to estimate the nonlinear structural behavior induced by excessive loading such as earthquake-induced ground motions or strong waves, with only a limited number of responses that can be measured. By combining the Kalman Filter with a nonlinear Finite Element model, the proposed framework enables the updating of the state space model formulation at each time step. The application of the KF-FE framework is suitable for nonlinear state estimation when only output measurements are available, and it shows high accuracy in estimation performance while maintaining a low computational cost.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Michel, V. Marcos-Meson
Summary: Physics-based modelling and data analysis methods have their limitations, but combining them can lead to better understanding and prediction of complex physical systems. This study applies machine learning to predict corrosion in fibre-reinforced concrete and identifies opportunities and challenges in integrating physics-based modelling and data-driven inference.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Luigi Caglio, Evangelos Katsanos, Henrik Stang, Rune Brincker
Summary: Offshore platforms are vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions, and the deployment of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system is crucial for their structural integrity. This study focuses on the development of a new Kalman filter-based framework to estimate the location and severity of damage, specifically in a 2D steel jacket structure subjected to wave loading.
EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING (EWSHM 2022), VOL 3
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ernesto J. Guades, Henrik Stang
Summary: This paper presents an analytical method to predict the flexural performance of RC beams strengthened by FRGC and performs a parametric study. The results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the moment curvature response and the change in FRGC thickness has a more significant impact on the moment and ductility values.
ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Diego J. De Souza, Leandro F. M. Sanchez, Juarez Hoppe Filho, Marcelo H. F. Medeiros
Summary: This paper evaluates the physical and chemical properties of mortar mixtures with different binders and exposed to different sulphate solutions. A theoretical approach to describe the susceptibility of cementitious mixtures against sulphate attack is proposed. The results show that the amount of portlandite and the potential of ettringite formation are well correlated with the expansion and damage caused by sulphate attack.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yu Chen, Hossein Rahmani, Erik Schlangen, Og uzhan Copurog
Summary: This study presents a method to accelerate the production of limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials using Ca(NO3)2 solution in 3D printing, and investigates the effects of adding Ca(NO3)2 solution on the material's properties. The results show that adding Ca(NO3)2 solution can improve buildability, accelerate initial setting, and increase compressive strength.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jing Xu, Xianzhi Wang, Wu Yao, Qing Chen, Hehua Zhu, Surendra P. Shah
Summary: Concrete cracks in marine engineering are caused by the hostile seawater environment, leading to serious deterioration of infrastructures. Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an effective and environmentally friendly approach for self-healing of concrete cracks. However, the formation and structure of MICP products for crack healing in seawater are still unclear, which hinders the application of MICP in marine structures.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhenbo Wang, Peng Sun, Yurun Fan, Yudong Han, Yudong Hu
Summary: This study investigates the potential use of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with strain-hardening and self-healing characteristics as a cover material in wet coral sand exposure. The results show that ECCs can effectively close cracks, reduce water permeability, and restore the load-carrying capacity of structures. Additionally, lower strain levels are associated with decreased rebar corrosion.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhengxian Yang, Xiaoli Xiong, Kang Li, Bruno Briseghella, Giuseppe Carlo Marano, Shanghong Chen
Summary: This study investigates the long-term volume stability and strength development of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) containing high-volume steel slag (SS). It is found that the strength of ECC with SS starts to decline after 90 days, while the decline is more significant compared to the matrix. The expansion of SS reduces the fracture toughness of the matrix, leading to an increase in toughness and ductility of the ECC. The introduction of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and PVA fibers can reduce the volume expansion and strength loss caused by SS expansion.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bin Xi, Zhewen Huang, Salam Al-Obaidi, Liberato Ferrara
Summary: This study investigates the self-healing capabilities of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) under the combined influence of mechanical and environmental factors. The results reveal that UHPC with narrow cracks exhibits a higher degree of self-healing, especially when exposed to tap water. Furthermore, prolonged exposure mitigates the inhibitory effect of aggressive ions on self-healing.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhichao Xu, Huayang Sun, Yanlin Huo, Minjie Jia, Zhitao Chen, Yingzi Yang
Summary: In this study, MXene was used to modify the surface of polyethylene fiber, improving the interfacial properties and tensile properties of strain hardening cementitious composites. The MXene-coated fiber showed increased tensile stress and strain, reduced crack width and spacing, and enhanced frictional bond strength between the fiber and matrix.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bao Lu, Yeqiang Zhou, Lei Jiang, Zhensen Liu, Guihua Hou
Summary: This study investigated the leaching rate of Ca2+ from magnesium slag (MS) and developed a leaching-carbonation method to convert MS into high-purity vaterite and supplementary cementitious materials. The wet carbonation process with glycine as a crystal modifier successfully produced spherical vaterite with high purity and surface area. The leachate solid residue (LSR) obtained from the leaching process of MS showed a smaller size destruction and higher surface area compared to Portland cement, leading to accelerated hydration process and improved compressive strength and pore structure development. This work provides a novel treatment method for MS and enables its high value-added utilization.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gustavo Henrique Nalon, Jose Carlos Lopes Ribeiro, Leonardo Goncalves Pedroti, Roberto Marcio da Silva, Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo, Gustavo Emilio Soares de Lima
Summary: The mechanical behavior of mortar joints is crucial for masonry's structural performance. This study investigated the effects of different lime/cement ratios and carbon black nanoparticles content on the properties of mortars. The results showed that increasing lime content decreased mortar strength but increased self-sensing properties at the end of the percolation zone.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yifei Wang, Lei Lei, Caijun Shi
Summary: The effects of DEIPA and EDIPA at dosages of 0.02% and 0.05% on the hydration and strength development of cement-fly ash-limestone ternary blend were investigated. It was found that both dosages of DEIPA and EDIPA promote the chemical effect of limestone and the hydration of aluminates from cement and fly ash. The hydration of silicates was accelerated by 0.02% of DEIPA or EDIPA but delayed by 0.05% due to excessive aluminates hydration. DEIPA and EDIPA also refine the pore structure and increase compressive strength of the blend mortar.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Du Pan, Ditao Niu, Zongjin Li
Summary: A thick-walled cylinder model was developed in this study to analyze the cracking behavior of seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC) cover. Damage variables were introduced to determine the extent of damage for each cracked ring, and a predictive model for the cracking time of SSC cover was established. The accuracy of the model was verified using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiangyu Wu, Hong S. Wong, Hao Zhang, Qian Yin, Hongwen Jing, Dan Ma
Summary: This study explores a method of strengthening cemented rockfill by using well-graded gangue and partially replacing Portland cement with fly ash and a premixed low-alkalinity activator. The research investigated the effects of activator dosage and curing time on the mechanical properties, composition, and microstructure of cemented rockfill. Results show improved performance with low cement content and the use of a low-cost activator. The addition of premixed activator to fly ash enhanced the formation of specific minerals and caused densification of the microstructure. The study reveals an effective and low-cost method for recycling mining wastes and reducing cement.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Juntao Dang, Xiaosong Tang, Jianzhuang Xiao, Aihong Han
Summary: This study proposes a solution to improve the fresh stability and thermal insulation of alkali-activated foamed concrete by adding recycled brick powder. The study investigates the effects of activator modulus and Na2O concentration on the properties of alkali-activated foamed concrete with different bases. The presence of alkaline activator negatively affects the foamability and foam stability, but adjusting the activator concentration can achieve shorter initial setting time and higher fluidity loss. In addition, the increased activator concentration resulted in changes in the pore structure of the foamed concrete.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiandong Zuo, Bo Wu, Biqin Dong, Feng Xing, Jun Ma, Guanqi Wei
Summary: Nitrite ion intercalated Ca-Al and Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were successfully synthesized using two modified methods. The Ca-Al LDH synthesized by hydrothermal method (H-C-LDH) exhibited the best properties. The intercalated LDHs improved the mechanical properties, chloride penetration resistance, and permeability resistance of cement mortars without affecting the fluidity. Additionally, the intercalated LDHs provided better corrosion resistance.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Jingbin Yang, Zhenping Sun, Nele De Belie, Didier Snoeck
Summary: This review paper provides an overview of internal curing mechanism, common internal curing agents, and the most promising agent-superabsorbent polymers in alkali-activated materials (AAM) systems. The introduction of voids by internal curing agents typically has a negative impact on mechanical properties, but continuous water release during internal curing counteracts this effect by promoting hydration. While the effect of internal curing in reducing autogenous shrinkage of AAM systems has been well-established, the impact on drying shrinkage varies widely in different studies.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2024)