Candidameningitis in neurosurgical patients: a single-institute study of nine cases over 7 years

Candidameningitis in neurosurgical patients is relatively unusual but is associated with a high mortality rate. We present our experience with this infection and discuss the clinical characteristics, treatment options and outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed neurosurgical patients with multiple positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2019. Nine patients were available for review according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four species ofCandidawere isolated from the CSF samples andCandida albicansaccounted for half of all infections. Eight infections were associated with ventricle peritoneal shunt, lumbar cistern peritoneal shunt or external ventricular drain. All of these foreign intracranial materials were removed or changed and all the patients received antifungal treatment, including fluconazole and/or voriconazole. It is associated with severe long-term outcomes in survivors and a mortality rate that reaches 11.1%. Prior treatments with broad-spectrum and high-grade antibiotics and anaemia are possible risk factors forCandidameningitis. We advise that foreign intracranial material should be removed or changed as early as possible and the timing of re-shunt operation can be 1 month after control ofCandidameningitis has been achieved, with several negative CSF culture results.