Article
Thermodynamics
Sungyup Jung, Jong-Min Jung, Yiu Fai Tsang, Amit Bhatnagar, Wei-Hsin Chen, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Eilhann E. Kwon
Summary: This study explores a novel method of directly converting food waste into biodiesel using black soldier fly larvae, with efficient biodiesel production achieved under non-catalytic conditions. The biodiesel derived from black soldier fly larvae meets the fuel standards of Korea and EU, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable alternative fuel source.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eko K. Sitepu, Sabarmin Perangin-Angin, Gloria J. Ginting, Siti Machmudah, Rodiah N. Sari, Juliati Br Tarigan
Summary: Insect larvae, such as Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, have potential as alternative biodiesel resources due to their sufficient oil content. In this study, direct transesterification of BSF larvae was conducted using a controllable crushing device (CCD) and a homogeneous base catalyst. The optimal conditions for biodiesel conversion were determined, with a maximum conversion of 93.8% achieved at room temperature, 20 minutes of reaction time, and a larvae to methanol ratio of 1:2 (wt./v), with a catalyst concentration of 7 wt% and a rotational speed of 3000 rpm. The CCD-intensified DT of BSF larvae shows promise as a green and energy-saving method for biodiesel production.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kannan Mohan, Palanivel Sathishkumar, Durairaj Karthick Rajan, Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran, Abirami Ramu Ganesan
Summary: Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a fast-growing and promising insect species that can achieve high-fat content through organic dietary supplements and environmental conditions. The fatty acids in their body can be converted into biodiesel with high efficiency, resulting in reduced energy input and carbon emissions. This review focuses on evaluating the optimal dietary source and growth conditions to produce fatty acid-rich larvae from agro food waste, and discusses the optimization and refining of lipids using novel techniques.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tarra A. Freel, Alejandra McComb, Elizabeth A. Koutsos
Summary: The trials showed that diets containing partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal and oil were well accepted and tolerated by dogs, with no negative impacts on their health or physiology. The inclusion of black soldier fly meal and oil in dog diets did not affect general health and could be considered safe for consumption.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chin Seng Liew, Guo Ren Mong, Jun Wei Lim, Ratchaprapa Raksasat, Hemamalini Rawindran, Muzamil A. Hassan, Man Kee Lam, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Zakariyya Uba Zango
Summary: This study reports that low-temperature thermal pre-treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) can improve the growth of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and increase biodiesel production. The BSFL fed with pre-treated WAS had high protein contents and moderate lipid contents. The highest protein and lipid yields were achieved when WAS was pre-treated at 90 degrees C for 16 hours. The biodiesel produced from BSFL had unique fatty acid methyl ester profile, low iodine value, high cetane number, and was in accordance with biodiesel standards.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cuncheng Liu, Cunwen Wang, Huaiying Yao, Stephen J. Chapman
Summary: Rice straw is a renewable biomass energy source, and pretreatment with alkaline peroxide can improve the digestion efficiency of black soldier fly larvae, reducing cellulose content, altering the composition of gut microorganisms, and increasing the utilization rate of rice straw.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yogita Lugani, Jagdish Singh, Balwinder Singh Sooch
Summary: The study focuses on exploring the potential of a newly isolated bacterium, Pseudomonas putida BSX-46, for xylose reductase (XR) synthesis by tailoring its nutritional and cultural requirements. A simple media and a pretreatment process for rice straw were developed to enhance XR production. The research demonstrated that using waste rice straw hydrolysate at bioreactor level could significantly increase XR production compared to flask level.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel Gaerttling, Hannes Schulz
Summary: Black soldier fly frass is a slightly alkaline, nutrient-rich compound fertilizer that can be used as a long-term fertilizer, promising to be an important element of sustainable agriculture.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Chin Seng Liew, Chung Yiin Wong, Eman A. Abdelfattah, Ratchaprapa Raksasat, Hemamalini Rawindran, Jun Wei Lim, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Mardawani Mohamad, Peter Nai Yuh Yek, Herma Dina Setiabudi, Chin Kui Cheng, Su Shiung Lam
Summary: This study utilized black soldier fly larvae to ferment palm kernel expeller and enhance its palatability and growth. The results showed that fermentation improved the feeding value and growth of the larvae, leading to increased weight and yield. The derived biodiesel from the larvae's fat also met European standards and exhibited high oxidative stability. Additionally, the larvae effectively degraded the palm kernel expeller, supporting a sustainable conversion process.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ratchaprapa Raksasat, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Chung Yiin Wong, Man Kee Lam, Yeek Chia Ho, Wen Da Oh, I. Wayan Koko Suryawan, Jun Wei Lim
Summary: Black soldier fly larvae have the potential to reduce blended sewage sludge, with the addition of palm kernel expeller aiding larval growth. The optimal ratio of sewage sludge to PKE can enhance larval weight and lipid yield, with further research needed to improve lipid yield and FAME content.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jia Jing Lim, Chin Seng Liew, Ratchaprapa Raksasat, Zulkifli M. A. Merican, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Eman Alaaeldin Abdelfattah, Mardawani Mohamad, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe, Jun Wei Lim
Summary: Approximately 0.2 tons of palm decanter cake waste is generated for every ton of palm oil produced. Utilizing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to convert this waste into larval proteins and lipids can be an effective solution. Cellulase pretreatment of the waste was found to enhance BSFL growth and yield, resulting in biodiesel with high oxidative stability.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Liyou Dong, Renata M. C. Ariens, Antoine H. P. America, Aman Paul, Teun Veldkamp, Jurriaan J. Mes, Harry J. Wichers, Coen Govers
Summary: The study investigated the antimicrobial capacity of insect-derived digest against C. perfringens, with fractions containing black soldier fly larvae protein showing significant inhibition of bacterial growth. It also found that exposure to the digest resulted in a significant reduction in abundance and diversity of healthy microbiota, mainly affecting Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while increasing SCFA secretion. This suggests that black soldier fly larvae protein could be a promising additional tool in combating C. perfringens infection.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hungtang Ko, Grace J. Cassidy, Olga Shishkov, Enes Aydin, David L. Hu, Daniel I. Goldman
Summary: Black soldier fly larvae are a sustainable protein source and play a vital role in food-waste recycling. Raising larvae in dense aggregations can lead to overheating during feeding, but applying air-fluidization may help mitigate this issue. Live larva aggregates exhibit different behavior compared to dead larvae, and simulations show that hysteresis decreases with increased larval activity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Daniele Bruno, Aurora Montali, Marzia Gariboldi, Anna Katarzyna Wronska, Agata Kaczmarek, Amr Mohamed, Ling Tian, Morena Casartelli, Gianluca Tettamanti
Summary: This study provides the first detailed characterization of black soldier fly hemocytes and reveals new insights into the cell-mediated immune response of this insect. The study identifies five hemocyte types involved in the immune response in the larva and analyzes their behavior, role, and morphofunctional changes. The results demonstrate that circulating phagocytes in black soldier fly larvae are plasmatocytes, which participate in nodulation and encapsulation with granulocytes and lamellocyte-like cells.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chang-Tang Chang, Suraj Negi, Aishwarya Rani, Allen H. Hu, Shu-Yuan Pan, Sunil Kumar
Summary: This study managed the food waste and soybean curd residue in Taiwan's National Ilan University using black soldier fly-aided co-composting. The results showed that the black soldier fly-aided co-composting effectively degraded organic matter and produced matured compost that met the standards.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wanli Cheng, Zhen Chen, Li Zeng, Xue Yang, Dian Huang, Yile Zhai, Minmin Cai, Longyu Zheng, Linda S. Thomashow, David M. Weller, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: Furfural acetone demonstrates significant attract-and-kill effects on Meloidogyne incognita in both three-dimensional model systems and soil simulation experiments, showing promise as a novel nematode control agent.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
J. B. Zhang, Y. Q. Yu, J. K. Tomberlin, M. M. Cai, L. Y. Zheng, Z. N. Yu
Summary: Microbes and insects work together to convert organic waste into valuable products, with microbes playing a crucial role in the process. Core gut microbiota in insects help degrade hazardous substances and macromolecules, making the waste more suitable for insect utilization.
JOURNAL OF INSECTS AS FOOD AND FEED
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wen Chen, Jinping Wang, Dian Huang, Wanli Cheng, Zongze Shao, Minmin Cai, Longyu Zheng, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: This study found that methyl thioacetate from the deep-sea bacterium Bacillus aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966 has nematicidal and repellent activities against plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, as well as inhibitory effects on egg hatching. This suggests that methyl thioacetate may serve as a potential biological control agent.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wan-li, Zeng Li, Yang Xue, Huang Dian, Yu Hao, Chen Wen, Cai Min-min, Zheng Long-yu, Yu Zi-niu, Zhang Ji-bin
Summary: This study developed a procedure for converting chicken manure to organic fertilizer and evaluated its efficacy in controlling root-knot nematodes. The results demonstrate that this method efficiently transforms chicken manure into high value-added fertilizer and shows good performance in controlling nematodes.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wanli Cheng, Xue Yang, Hua Xue, Dian Huang, Minmin Cai, Feng Huang, Longyu Zheng, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: Furfural acetone (FAc) exhibits reproductive toxicity on Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans by inducing germ-cell apoptosis. The decrease in brood size of nematodes is attributed to DNA damage caused by protein SPO-11, activation of CEP-1 and EGL-1 genes, and the induction of the core apoptosis pathway.
Article
Entomology
Osama Elhag, Yuanpu Zhang, Xiaopeng Xiao, Minmin Cai, Longyu Zheng, Heather R. Jordan, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Feng Huang, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the potential mechanisms of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae in reducing zoonotic pathogens found in pig manure. The findings indicated that BSF larvae were able to significantly decrease zoonotic pathogens and suggested that antimicrobial peptides produced by the larvae and gut-associated bacteria played a role in this reduction. Additionally, the study showcased the inhibitory effects of a recombinant peptide and gut-associated microorganisms on various zoonotic pathogens, providing insights into the immune mechanisms of BSF larvae against pathogens in organic waste.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jingjing Zhang, Jiahui Li, Yuanzhi Peng, Xiaokun Gao, Qi Song, Hongyuan Zhang, Osama Elhag, Minmin Cai, Longyu Zheng, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: Insect defensins, specifically Hidefensins from black soldier fly, are small cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Analysis revealed their molecular stability and strong inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with a better efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed their novelty in the insect defensin family.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chongrui Yang, Shiteng Ma, Fang Li, Longyu Zheng, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang, Chan Yu, Mingxia Fan, Minmin Cai
Summary: This study demonstrates that environmentally friendly manure bioremediation performed by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is an effective strategy for degrading antibiotics and reducing environmental pollution. CIP-degrading strains isolated from the larval gut can efficiently degrade antibiotics in vitro, and adjusting the intestinal microbes can enhance the degradation efficiency. The study also identifies metabolites and potential degradation mechanisms associated with antibiotic degradation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Kashif Ur Rehman, Clemens Hollah, Karin Wiesotzki, Rashid Ur Rehman, Asif Ur Rehman, Jibin Zhang, Longyu Zheng, Theresa Nienaber, Volker Heinz, Kemal Aganovic
Summary: This study discusses the importance and feasibility of using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) technology for organic waste management. The technology allows for resource recovery, production of valuable products, and creates new economic opportunities. The study finds that improving the nutritional value of larvae feeding substrates and utilizing microbial fermentation can enhance the efficiency of waste recycling. However, there are still gaps and challenges in the application of black soldier fly technology and the commercialization of its by-products.
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuanpu Zhang, Xiaopeng Xiao, Osama Elhag, Minmin Cai, Longyu Zheng, Feng Huang, Heather R. Jordan, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Sing-Hoi Sze, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae can significantly reduce the counts of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. in pig manure. Functional microbes are essential for BSF larvae to antagonise S. aureus. Certain bacterial strains in the larval gut are negatively correlated with S. aureus and Salmonella spp.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Wanli Cheng, Hua Xue, Xue Yang, Dian Huang, Minmin Cai, Feng Huang, Longyu Zheng, Donghai Peng, Linda S. Thomashow, David M. Weller, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang
Summary: Nematodes can recognize bacteria through their volatile metabolites, but the molecular mechanism behind this process is not well understood. This study shows that the antinematode bacterium P. polymyxa KM2501-1 attracts C. elegans through the secretion of volatile metabolites, including FAc. The attractive response of C. elegans towards FAc involves multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and downstream olfactory signaling cascades in specific neurons. This research highlights the importance of volatile metabolites in the interaction between nematodes and bacteria.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhengzheng Zhao, Chan Yu, Chongrui Yang, Bingqi Gao, Nuria Jimenez, Chen Wang, Fang Li, Yue Ao, Longyu Zheng, Feng Huang, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Zhuqing Ren, Ziniu Yu, Jibin Zhang, Minmin Cai
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of black soldier fly larvae conversion combined with composting on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dynamics in swine manure and uncovered the underlying mechanisms through metagenomic analysis. Compared to natural composting, the combination of black soldier fly larvae conversion and composting significantly reduced the abundance of ARGs. The gut microbiota of black soldier fly larvae helped reduce the risk of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wangjun She, Qi Xiao, Ying Meng, Peng Zhao, Chuanliang Wu, Feng Huang, Minmin Cai, Jibin Zhang, Ziniu Yu, Kashif Ur Rehman, Donghai Peng, Longyu Zheng
Summary: The black soldier fly larvae can convert organic waste into valuable products, but scaling up production has led to health risks for the insects, such as larval soft rot. This study identified the responsible pathogen and found that it caused mortality and hindered larval development. The research also revealed the impact of temperature and substrate moisture on the mortality rate.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kashif ur Rehman, Clemens Hollah, Karin Wiesotzki, Volker Heinz, Kemal Aganovic, Rashid ur Rehman, Janos-Istvan Petrusan, Longyu Zheng, Jibin Zhang, Summar Sohail, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor, Christos I. I. Rumbos, Christos Athanassiou, Minmin Cai
Summary: Chitin and chitosan, natural biopolymers with high biological activity, have diverse applications in the food, biomedical, and industrial sectors. The main source, shellfish, faces supply chain shortages, seasonal availability issues, and ecological degradation. Insects offer a greener alternative as they generate side streams containing chitin during rearing and processing. Edible insect species like black soldier fly and field cricket are rich in chitin and suitable for extraction and purification. Insect-derived chitin and chitosan have potential applications in agriculture, food, biomedicine, and bioplastic production.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Muhammad Salam, Longyu Zheng, Dezhi Shi, Zheng Huaili, Viola Vambol, Shaphan Yong Chia, Md. Nuralam Hossain, Abdelaziz Mansour, Moataz Eliw, Mengyao Dong, Amina Shazadi, Ehsan Ullah
Summary: This paper investigates the willingness of Asians to use black soldier fly larvae for organic waste management and livestock feed. A random sampling method is used based on waste generation and substrate availability. The study fills gaps in research on public acceptance, social perception, and attitude towards BSFL-based organic waste management. The study finds inconsistent attitudes towards using BSFL technology among different subgroups in different countries.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
